5-6宝宝成长指标

5-6宝宝成长指标 Page - 1 - of 3 仔仔 Page - 1 - 11/26/2011 295555918.doc 宝宝成长指标:5-6岁 身体外观和生长 这时期，孩子的身高增长相对较快，头长和身长的比例因身高的增长而逐渐变小，身体各部分外观比较匀称了。满六岁时，男孩的体重达,,(,,,,(,公斤，身长,,,(,,,,,(,厘米。女孩体重,,(,,,,(,公斤，身长,,,(,,,,,(,厘米。 运动 宝宝对空间关系的判断已十分准确，神经系统的发育已接近最后阶段，能很好地控制身体，手脚灵活，运动也较以前更为剧烈，但已不太容易摔跤。能在一条直线上走、单足跳、跳绳、跳舞等。随着手眼协调的发展，宝宝可以通过练习接住球，可以学会系鞋带或串珠子等。现在的宝宝喜欢蹦蹦跳跳，可能学会一些舞步，特别是小女孩会很喜欢跳舞，有的宝宝的动作模仿力和现力已经显示出一定的天份。这时的宝宝已经有了相当的自理能力，吃饭、穿衣、大小便已完全不必依靠大人的帮助，而且也能够做不少家务，比如整理床铺、打扫卫生、买东西等。 手和手指的技能 现在宝宝可以学写字了，开始写的字很大，大小不一、歪七扭八。这时要教他正确的写姿势，多鼓励少强迫。他还会对不同书写工具感兴趣。他不但可以画日常生活中的一些人和物，给图形染上各种颜色，还会有出人意料的想象，但可能把雨和太阳画到一起。他现在还能用剪刀裁剪出事先画好标记的形状。更多地使用某一只手来完成各种操作，用左手也正常，不必强迫必须右手操作。精细动作已发展完善，捆东西、串珠子、用剪子、拉拉链、系钮扣、按按扣、装配东西、完成拼图以及其他更多事情。有的宝宝已经开始学习某种乐器了，如弹钢琴、拉小提琴等。 语言发育 此时的宝宝已经能比较完整地复述一个熟悉的故事，会自己编出一些原来没有的情节，想象力更加丰富，记忆的正确性也有了提高，抽象逻辑思维开始发展，但具体形象思维仍占主导。能比较自由地表达自己的思想感情，有强烈的语言要求，乐于谈论每一件事。语言的发达与智力和情感的发展互相关联，同时也显示了宝宝的复杂个性。宝宝这时会经常模仿大人的语气讲话。也乐于表演自己熟悉的故事，扮演简单的角色。 社交能力发育 同伴群体开始对宝宝产生明显的影响。他更喜欢同一个或更多的小朋友一起玩耍，而不愿单独玩了。他们能互相指定角色，设计游戏情节，并在想像世界中一起解决问题。喜欢竞争渴望胜利。当然，小朋友之间也可能发生矛盾，这时宝宝已经知道选择解决矛盾的方法，一般不会再轻易采用“武力”方式。宝宝会通过改变自己的行为来使朋友满意，也会努力使老师高兴;能够在集体活动中遵守一定的，自制力和忍耐力有所提高。 认知发育 ,岁多的宝宝能初步理解真实与虚构，能知道一年中,,个月的名称和一周中每一天的名称;开始能看钟表，时间概念已比较明确，可以开始培养宝宝按时作息，从小养成珍惜时间的好习惯。宝宝也更有主见了，在日常家庭生活中，宝宝可能会更多地发表自己的意见，甚至还会对大人的行为和周围的一些现象发表些“见解”了。 情感发育 此时的宝宝总能津津有味地接受着周围世界的知识，对接触到的具体物体进行感受、思维、以至接受，模仿兄姐读书、写字，开始用一些幽默、有趣的语言表达自己的意思。这时的宝宝通常是非常快乐的。他(她)乐于助人、善于动脑筋并喜欢谈论自己的想法;能准确判断自己能做什么，不能做什么;对表扬能做出得体的回应。随着宝宝年龄的增长，他(她)的内心世界也越来越复杂，喜怒哀乐等比较细腻的情感也发达起来，更加敏感，自尊心也更强了，这时教育宝宝应该更加注意方法，针对宝宝的不同个性，因材施教。大人也要为宝宝树立榜样，要尊重宝宝，保护他(她)的自尊心。 宝宝学外语采取什么形式最好,根据宝宝活泼好动、兴趣广泛的特点，宝宝学外语必须注意以下几点: 1、主要通过看、听、说来训练，看即是看电视图像、课本画册;听即多听外语;说即要求孩子多用外语来表达各种意思。宝宝不要求认字母和单词。 2、结合日常生活来学习。所学的外语词句，应是儿童能理解、并在生活中需要用来表达思想的那一部分词不达意语。随着儿童生活范围的扩大，认识的加深，以及“母语”词汇量的增加，结合生活，不断扩大外语词汇。 3、学习应采用生动活泼、为儿童所喜欢的方式。如可运用顺口溜、歌曲、故事、对话、短剧、谜游戏等多种方式，让孩子学得愉快，学得轻松，效果必然会好。 4、创造语言环境。应与幼儿园配合，经常播放外语录音、唱片，尽可能用外语对话，有机会可与外宾、外语院校师生交谈等。 5、持之以恒。宝宝学外语，时间长，困难多，无课本，实践中常会出现各种问题和情况，父母必须做到任何情 Page - 2 - of 3 仔仔 Page - 2 - 11/26/2011 295555918.doc 况下，排除干扰，坚持下去，才可能取得比较明显的效果。 如何用表达各种天气吧～ 1. The warm sunny weather always give me a sense of well-being。 温暖阳光的天气一直都给我幸福安宁的感觉。 2. We didn't have the picnic because the weather was unsettled。 我们没有出去野餐，因为天气变幻莫测。 3. The spell of rainy weather has broken。 持续的雨天突然放晴了。 4. The weather was lazy。 这天气使人无精打采。 5. Severe weather immobilized the rescue team。 恶劣的天气给救援队的工作增加了难度。 6. As often as not the buses are late on foggy day。 每逢多雾天气，公车往往误点。 7. We had glorious weather for our cruise, sunshine all day and every day。 我们这次巡航天气实在太好了，一连几天阳光普照。 8. The cold weather froze the lake 。 寒冷的天气使湖水结冰了。 9. The air was frosty。 空气凛冽。 10. You need cool, moist weather for these plants to germinate。 这些植物在清凉潮湿的天气中才能发芽。 11. Rainy weather always depresses me。 雨天总会使我心情抑郁。 12. The wet weather extended into September。 潮湿阴雨的天气一直延续到了九月份。 双语:安徒生童话《跳高者》 The Flea, the Grasshopper, and the Skipjack once wanted to see which of them could jump highest; and they invited the whole world, and whoever else would come, to see the grand sight. And there the three famous jumpers were met together in the room。 有一次，跳蚤、蚱蜢和跳鹅(注:这是丹麦一种旧式的玩具，它是用一根鹅的胸骨做成的;加上一根木栓和一根 线，再擦上一点蜡油，就可以使它跳跃。)想要知道它们之中谁跳得最高。它们把所有的人和任何愿意来的人都请来 参观这个伟大的场面。它们这三位著名的跳高者就在一个房间里集合起来。 "Yes, I'll give my daughter to him who jumps highest," said the King, "for it would be mean to let these people jump for nothing." "对啦，谁跳得最高，我就把我的女儿嫁给谁～"国王说，"因为，假如让这些朋友白白地跳一阵子，那就未免太 不像话了～" The Flea stepped out first. He had very pretty manners, and bowed in all directions, for he had young ladies' blood in his veins, and was accustomed to consort only with human beings; and that was of great consequence。 跳蚤第一个出场。它的态度非常可爱:它向四周的人敬礼，因为它身体中流着年轻小姐的血液，习惯于跟人类混 在一起，而这一点是非常重要的。 Then came the Grasshopper: he was certainly much heavier, but he had a good figure, and wore the green uniform that was born with him. This person, moreover, maintained that he belonged to a very old family in the land of Egypt, and that he was highly esteemed there. He had just come from the field, he said, and had been put into a card house three stories high, and all made of picture cards with the figures turned inwards. There were doors and windows in the house, cut in the body of the Queen of Hearts。 接着蚱蜢就出场了，它的确很粗笨，但它的身体很好看。它穿着它那套天生的绿制服。此外，它的整个外表说明 Page - 3 - of 3 仔仔 Page - 3 - 11/26/2011 295555918.doc 它是出身于埃及的一个古老的家庭，因此它在这儿非常受到人们的尊敬。人们把它从田野里弄过来，放在一个用纸牌 做的三层楼的房子里——这些纸牌有画的一面都朝里。这房子有门也有窗，而且它们是从"美人"身中剪出来的。 "I sing so," he said, "that sixteen native crickets who have chirped from their youth up, and have never yet had a card house of their own, would become thinner than they are with envy if they were to hear me." "我唱得非常好，"它说，"甚至16个本地产的蟋蟀从小时候开始唱起，到现在还没有获得一间纸屋哩。它们听到 我的情形就嫉妒得要命，把身体弄得比以前还要瘦了。" Both of them, the Flea and the Grasshopper, took care to announce who they were, and that they considered themselves entitled to marry a Princess。 跳蚤和蚱蜢这两位毫不含糊地说明了它们是怎样的人物。它们认为它们有资格和一位公主结婚。 The Skipjack said nothing, but it was said of him that he thought all the more; and directly the Yard Dog had smelt at him he was ready to assert that the Skipjack was of good family, and formed from the breastbone of an undoubted goose. The old councillor, who had received three medals for holding his tongue, declared that the Skipjack possessed the gift of prophecy; one could tell by his bones whether there would be a severe winter or a mild one; and that's more than one can always tell from the breastbone of the man who writes the almanac。 跳鹅一句话也不说。不过据说它自己更觉得了不起。宫里的狗儿把它嗅了一下，很有把握地说，跳鹅是来自一个 上等的家庭。那位因为从来不讲话而获得了三个勋章的老顾问官说，他知道跳鹅有预见的天才:人们只须看看它的背 脊骨就能预知冬天是温和还是寒冷。这一点人们是没有办法从写历书的人的背脊骨上看出来的。 "I shall not say anything more," said the old King. "I only go on quietly, and always think the best." "好，我什么也不再讲了～"老国王说，"我只须在旁看看，我自己心中有数～" Now they were to take their jump. The Flea sprang so high that no one could see him; and then they asserted that he had not jumped at all. That was very mean. The Grasshopper only sprang half as high, but he sprang straight into the King's face, and the King declared that was horribly rude. The Skipjack stood a long time considering; at last people thought that he could not jump at all。 现在它们要跳了。跳蚤跳得非常高，谁也看不见它，因此大家就说它完全没有跳。这种说法太不讲道理。蚱蜢跳 得没有跳蚤一半高。不过它是向国王的脸上跳过来，因此国王就说，这简直是可恶之至。跳鹅站着沉思了好一会儿; 最后大家就认为它完全不能跳。 "I only hope he's not become unwell," said the Yard Dog, and then he smelt at him again." 我希望它没有生病～"宫里的狗儿说，然后它又在跳鹅身上嗅了一下。 "Tap!" he sprang with a little crooked jump just into the lap of the Princess, who sat on a low golden stool. Then the King said, "The highest leap was taken by him who jumped up to my daughter; for therein lies the point; but it requires head to achieve that, and the Skipjack has shown that he has a head." "嘘～"它笨拙地一跳，就跳到公主的膝上去了。她坐在一个矮矮的金凳子上。国王说:"谁跳到我的女儿身上去， 谁就要算是跳得最高的了，因为这就是跳高的目的。不过能想到这一点，倒是需要有点头脑呢——跳鹅已经显示出它 有头脑。它的腿长到额上去了～" And so he had the Princess。 所以它就得到了公主。 "I jumped highest, after all," said the Flea. "But it's all the same. Let her have the goose-bone with its lump of wax and bit of stick. I jumped to the highest; but in this world a body is required if one wishes to be seen." "不过我跳得最高～"跳蚤说。"但是这一点用处也没有～不过尽管她得到一架带木栓和蜡油的鹅骨，我仍然要算 跳得最高。但是在这个世界里，一个人如果想要使人看见的话，必须有身材才成。" And the Flea went into foreign military service, where it is said he was killed。 跳蚤于是便投效一个外国兵团。据说它在当兵时牺牲了。 The Grasshopper seated himself out in the ditch, and thought and considered how things happened in the world. And he too said, "Body is required! Body is required!" And then he sang his own melancholy song, and from that we have gathered this story, which they say is not true, though it's in print。 那只蚱蜢坐在田沟里，把这世界上的事情仔细思索了一番，不禁也说:"身材是需要的～身材是需要的～"于是它 便唱起了它自己的哀歌。我们从它的歌中得到了这个故事——这个故事可能不是真的，虽然它已经被印出来了。