我们能在跑步中得到愉悦的原因

我们能在跑步中得到愉悦的原因 我们能在跑步中得到“愉悦”的原因 Running continues to become increasingly popular in the United States, especially endurance running in the form of marathon distances and beyond. Have you ever wondered if there is a common factor motivating so many to cover such long distances? Why do some runners describe a sense of euphoria, or “high,” during a run, while it remains absent in others? Forrest Gump, famously quipped that he “just felt like running” as he embarked on his coast to coast trek in the 1994 film. Is there a deeper motivation? 在美国，跑步、特别是马拉松长跑这类耐力跑继续变得越来越流行。你有没有想过，是否有一个共同的因素激励着这么多人去跑这么长的距离？为什么有些人在跑步中会得到兴奋感或“愉悦”，而在另一些人却感觉不到？1994年的电影阿甘正传中，阿甘有句有名的妙语，当他由东海岸跋涉到西海岸时，他“感觉就像飞奔一样”。有没有更深层的动机存在呢？ Although running is a common way to maintain fitness in today’s society, allowing for one to enjoy the occasional over-indulgence, our ancestors may have engaged in endurance activity for other reasons – to actually acquire food. Though food acquisition now can be as simple as a trip to the supermarket, the evolutionary by-product of engaging in endurance activity to obtain food may still remain as a motivator for your daily run. 尽管如今社会跑步是一种人们保持健康的常见方式，能让人享受偶尔的过度放纵，但我们的祖先很可能是为了别的原因进行耐力活动—实际上是为了获取食物。尽管如今简便到去超市就可以买到食物，但耐力活动的副产品仍可能成为驱动你日常跑步的动力。 “We discovered that the rewarding effects of endurance activity are modulated by lepton, a key hormone in metabolism. Leptin inhibits physical activity through dopamine neurons in the brain,” said Stephanie Fulton, researcher at University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre and lead author of the published study. “我们发现耐力活动的有益作用是由瘦素调节的，它是新陈代谢中的一种关键激素。瘦素通过大脑中的多巴胺神经元抑制生理活动，”蒙特利尔大学医院研究中心的研究员，发表了这项研究的主要作者富尔顿-斯蒂芬妮说。 Dopamine, a neurotransmitter found in humans, is largely responsible for feelings of reward, pleasure, and motivation. Because of the link to both dopamine and metabolism in the study, researchers believe humans may have a hardwired motivation toward endurance activity for food acquisition. Leptin, which is known to help control feelings of hunger, also influences physical activity. 多巴胺，在人类中发现的一种神经传递素，人们的有益、愉悦和激励的感觉主要是由它完成。由于研究中多巴胺和新陈代谢的这种联系，研究人员相信人类因为要获取食物而对耐力活动有着一种天然的动机。瘦素，众所周知能帮助控制饥饿感，也能影响体力活动。 Within the study, the activity of voluntary wheel running was measured in two groups of mice. Normal mice served as the control group, while a second group of mice were modified in such a way that simulated lower leptin levels. By comparison, the mice in the genetically modified group exhibited higher levels of activity (measured by wheel running). 在这项研究中，自愿的滚轮跑步活动在两组老鼠中测试。正常小鼠作为对照组，而另一组小鼠通过模拟方式降低了瘦素水平。相比之下,转基因组的小鼠表现出更高水平的活动(以滚轮跑步测试)。 “Our findings now show that [leptin] also plays a vital role in motivation to run, which may be related to searching for food,” explained Stephanie Fulton. “我们如今的发现表明瘦素在对跑步的激励作用上也扮演了一个关键角色，这可能与搜找食物有关，”富尔顿-斯蒂芬妮解释道。 Though the concept isn’t necessarily brand new, the idea that running has a biological link to our ancestors may be gaining momentum. In the last half decade alone, the best-selling book “Born to Run,” and the subsequently inspired documentary Fair Chase both provide arguments that human motivation and proclivity for endurance activity may have a more evolution-based, biological link to food acquisition behavior. 尽管这个关键不一定是全新的，但是跑步和我们祖先有着生物关联可能会获得动力。仅在过去的五年里，畅销书“为跑而生”，以及随后的启迪纪录片公平追逐都认为对人类对耐力活动的动机和倾向可能与获取食物行为有着更本质、生物上的联系。 So what does the recent study on mice teach us with regard to human motivation for running? How does this relate to running performance in humans? Why the variance in experiences with a runner’s high? To a degree, it all depends on the individual. 所以最近在老鼠身上的试验告诉了我们人类对跑步的动机有什么益处呢？这如何与人类的跑步行为相联系呢？为什么跑步者的愉悦度体验会有所差异呢？某种程度上，这都取决了个人。 According to Fulton, multiple studies have already demonstrated a correlation between leptin and marathon performance. “The lower leptin levels are, the better the performance. We speculate that for humans, low leptin levels increase motivation to exercise and make it easier to get a runner’s high.” 根据富尔顿的说法,多项研究已经证实瘦素和马拉松执行力之间的相关性。“瘦素水平越低,执行力就越好。我们推测,对于人类来说,低瘦素水平能增加锻炼的动力并更容易获得跑步时的畅快与兴奋感。” As a human race, we have been running for many years. In the modern era, for both extrinsic (physical appearance, raising money, earning a medal) and intrinsic (accepting a challenge, meeting a goal) reasons. However, the notion for a third type of motivation, a biological one, is steadily gaining support through ethnographic research and lab experiments such as these. Although you likely do not have to spend hours or days seeking out and acquiring your food, your body may still be hardwired to make that association, and get you on the move. 作为一项人类比赛，我们已经跑步许多年了。在现代,跑步有着外在(外表、筹集资金、获得一枚奖章)和内在(接受挑战,实现目标)的原因。然而，第三种动机的概念,生物类型的,通过人种学研究和实验室实验获得了人们逐步的支持。虽然你可能不必花费数小时或数天外出寻找和获得食物，但你的身体仍然可以强制地与此相连，让你继续移动。 文档已经阅读完毕，请返回上一页！