★(脱氧核糖酸)

★(脱氧核糖酸) Unit 7 I. Vocabulary and Structure There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. 1. The design of modern architecture concentrates on usefulness ____ decoration. A. neither B. rather than C. instead D. other than 2. I feel ____ my heart had stopped beating. A. what if B. only if C. as if D. even if 3. The little girl is ignorant ____ the basic rules of English grammar. A. for B. of C. with D. against 4. Everyone should attend the meeting. You are no ____. A. irregular B. special C. exception D. unusual 5. The ____ was sent to prison for ten years. A. criminal B. guilty C. tube D. trial 6. You should spend more time ____ your article. A. polishing B. approaching C. imposing D. ploughing 7. This middle school is attached ___ a normal college. A. for B. by C. to D. in 8. Some of the members demanded to know why they had been kept ____ the true facts until they reached the present critical stage. A. in ignorance of B. in the light of C. in honor of D. in view of 9. Joan’s ____ experience in door-to-door sales was not rewarding. A. previous from B. before C. previous to D. precious 10. Ann never dreams of ____ for her to be sent abroad very soon. A. there being a chance B. there to be a chance C. there be a chance D. being a chance 11. It was very kind of you to do the washing-up, but you ____ it. A. mustn’t have done B. wouldn’t have done C. mightn’t have done D. didn’t have to do 12. He gives people the impression ____ all his life abroad. A. of having spent B. to have spent of C. being spent D. to spend 13. All things ____, the planned trip will have to be called off. A. considered B. be considered C. considering D. having considered 14. He came back late, ____ which time all the guests had already left. A. after B. by C. at D. during 15. I have heard both teachers and students ____ well of him. A. to speak B. spoken to C. have spoken D. speak 16. In a ten-year ____ from 1976 to 1985, the total world fish catch increased 29%. A. decade B. space C. gap D. span 17. If the whole operation ____ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost. A. was not planned B. has not been planned C. had not been planned D. were not planned 1 18. The price of beer ____ from 50 cents to $ 4 per liter during the summer season. A. altered B. ranged C. separated D. differed 19. The house was very quiet, ____ as it was on the side of a mountain. A. isolated B. isolating being C. isolated D. having been isolated 20. The shy girl felt ____ and uncomfortable when she could not answer her teacher’s questions. A. amazed B. awkward C. curious D. amused II. Reading Comprehension There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage: Wearing contact lenses can give you infections (感染) that can threaten your eyesight-even if you follow the manufacturer's cleaning instructions correctly. This finding suggests it is safer to wear disposable lenses that are worn only once. Antonio Pinna, an Italian scientist, isolated a kind of bacterium(细菌) from a patient's eye that causes food poisoning. The IMA (脱氧核糖酸) of these bacteria matched that of others found in the patient' s lens case-strong evidence that the case was the source of the infection. Eye infections are often the result of people not cleaning their lenses properly. But in this cases Pinna found that the lens cleaning solution failed to kill the bacterium, even when they followed the manufacturer's guidelines exactly. Some doctors say cleaning liquids can’t be expected to kill absolutely every species of bug. In many cases they only target certain bacteria. Pinna's finding supports the use of disposable contact lenses that come without any bacteria and never need to be cleaned. However, wearing any foreign body on the eye makes infection more likely. Most eye infections can be cleared up with drugs, but even with treatment there is a risk of damage to the cornea(角膜), which is responsible for about two thirds of your eye's focusing power. The consequences can be serious. Sometimes the patient's vision is seriously weakened. 1. "Disposable lenses" in Line 3, Paragraph 1 refers to ___________. A. glasses that need careful cleaning after use. B. glasses that can be used only once. C. contact lenses designed to be cleaned carefully after use. D. contact lenses intended to be used once and thrown away. 2. According to Paragraph 1, people who wear contact senses ____________. A. will have eye infections. B. face the risk of eye infection. C. should read every word of the instructions. D. should wear disposable contact lenses. 3. Pinna' s finding shows that _____________. A. the bacterium found in the patient's eye came from his or her food. B. the bacterium in the patient's eye was different from that in the case. C. lens cleaning solutions can only kill some bacteria. D. the case of contact should be cleaned thoroughly. 2 4. Which of the following is Pinna's advice for wearers of contact lenses? A. Wear lenses that don't need cleaning. B. Clean the lenses as often as possible. C. Follow every step of the cleaning instructions. D. Find a most effective cleaning solution. 5. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of this passage? A. Wearing contact lenses is a potential risk to eyesight. B. Proper cleaning of contact lenses can reduce infection. C. Using disposable contact lenses can avoid eye infection. D. It is safe to clean contact lenses according to the directions. Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage: In the thinking of the Greek philosophers, cause and effect were quite distinct. It would have been unthinkable for the effect to turn round and act upon the cause. One thing acts upon another: the footballer kicks the ball; the boiling water boils the egg; the bomb destroys the building. As soon as we leave the world of physical action and consider people, the idea of simple cause and effect is not enough. Two people are arguing: they each have an effect on the other. A boy gives his girlfriend a present. She is affected by his kindness and he by her delight and appreciation. In the biological world interaction is much more common than one-way action. Sometimes the interaction is a mutual exchange of action and effect. All feedback(反馈) situations involve interaction. Interaction suggests communication. Communication channels are rarely one way. Wherever there is communication there is likely to be interaction. Sometimes it is important to know the extent of the interaction. For example, when two drugs are given to a patient it is important to know whether they are going to interact. They could interact in three ways: the second drug could neutralize or reduce the effectiveness of the first; the second drug could exaggerate the effect of the first; the two drugs' might together produce a totally new effect. Each of these processes can happen the other way round with the first drug affecting the second. Even outside medicine, any two actions that might separately have a pure effect, when acting together, might produce unexpected consequences. 6. The Greek philosophers A. believed that cause and effect could act on one another. B. did not consider cause and effect as different. C. thought that cause and effect wire interchangeable. D. did not think that cause and effect could interact. 7. We learn from Paragraph 2 that, in the biological world, A. cause and effect are too complicated to define. B. interaction is involved whenever response is needed. C. boys and girls affect each other. D. it takes two to make a quarrel. 8. According to Paragraph 3, communication A. affects interaction. B. sustains interaction. C. indicates interaction. D. involves little interaction. 9. "The other way round" as used in Line 6, Paragraph 4 probably means 3 A. in another way. B. in the opposite way. C. in a different way. D. in an indirect way. 10. It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that A. the range of interaction between any two actions can be unimaginable. B. the possibility of three drugs interacting with one another is rather slight. C. two drugs taken separately are more effective than they are taken together. D. two drugs taken together are more effective than they are taken separately. Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage: The main asset of the human mind is its desire to believe. The mind call only function by putting together what it observes as a predictable pattern. This pattern, no matter how wrong it may later prove to be, is used as the basis for any future action. We have no alternative but to believe in the patterns. Stage magicians provide the most extraordinary examples of belief. A skilled stage magician can fool every person in the audience. He does it by cleverly manipulating(操纵) our expectations and our belief in our expectations. Salesmen are equally clever at manipulating our feelings in order to create a belief in a product. Astrology(占星术)is becoming increasingly popular in some countries although there has been no evidence at all that the stars affect our behavior. The strength of this belief is based on the ability to measure things. The paths of the stars can be measured with great accuracy. Since the accuracy of this measurement is so impressive and the predictions derived from it are so attractive, surely we must believe in the effect of the stars on human behavior. If you believe in a leader then you will lift his every saying into a profound his prediction. Belief is an emotion rather than a reaction to evidence. It is more important than seeing things for yourself since clearly not every member can see the coming danger or the reason for a move. 11. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to Paragraph 1? A. The desire to believe is the main valuable quality of our mind. B. Our mind works according to predictable patterns, C. The patterns our mind puts together are wrong sometimes. D. We cannot but believe in the patterns our mind puts together for us. 12. Stage magicians and salesmen A. place too much trust in people. B. set an example of belief for others. C. are skillful at working up our emotions. D. are good at commanding our feelings. 13. The reason for the increasing popularity of astrology is that A. it can predict future events correctly. B. people can use it to count the stars. C. our behavior is affected by the stars. D. its predictions are very attractive. 14. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that A. people tend to believe what they see. B. people don't believe their own eyes. 4 C. belief is not based on reason. D. belief enables one to see things clearly. 15. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Belief B. Human Mind C. seeing and Believing D. Belief and Action. Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage: Pigs, fishponds and crops-all housed in tall buildings. This is a vision of industrial farming in the Netherlands(荷兰). In a world concerned about the environment and transport, would it not make sense to concentrate food production next to a harbor and an airport? And since humans can live in tall buildings, why not pigs and fish? The creative minds behind a government report suggest just this for a site at Rotterdam(鹿 行丹) very close to mainland Europe's largest port. The scale is vast: imagine 10 football fields, six floors of equal area, a total of 500 acres(英 亩) stretching skywards. The building, known as Deltapark, visualizes 300000 pigs, 1.2 million chickens, tens of thousands of fish and a giant vegetable growing area all under one roof. The pigs could enjoy more space than on an average pig farm, and end their days in the slaughterhouse downstairs. Space without daylight in the giant building could be used for cultivating mushrooms (蘑菇) which grow well in the dark. Higher up, greenhouses full of tomatoes and flowers, grown in nutrient solutions collected from elsewhere in the building, would profit from the light, the system is theoretically a complete farming cycle, with one activity feeding another and everything being recycled. Deltapark is to the run by managers, not farmers. It has nothing to do with agriculture as we now know it, and so far, only exists on paper. But the idea has created a heated debate in the Netherlands and attracted attention abroad. 16. According to the passage, a multi-story farm in the Netherlands. A. is under construction. B. is about to be put to use. C. has been proposed D. might cause severe criticism. 17. According to the report, which of the following is NOT true? A. Deltapark occupies an area of 10 football fields. B. Deltapark has floor space of 500 acres. C. Deltapark has six floors. D. Deltapafrk is on a steep slope. 18. What is the meaning of ―slaughterhouse‖ in Line 5, Paragraph 3? A. A house where animals are fed. B. A house where animals are kept in the daytime. C. A place where animals stay for the night. D. A place where animals are killed for food. 19. It is supposed in Paragraph 4 that A. the flowers would be nourished by liquids gathered outside the building. B. the tomatoes and flowers would benefit from daylight. C. the vegetable growing area would be lit by electric lights. D. the system would be far from self-sufficient in production. 20. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? 5 A. Farm of the Future? B. Animal Farm? C. Field of Your Dreams? D. Animal Farm or Vegetable Farm? Fast Reading Jonathan James looks like just another kid about to graduate from high school. But this 19-year-old Swede is anything but ordinary. From the computer in his parents’ home he helps the US Federal Bureau of Investigation(FBI) find out the world’s most wanted cyber criminals (网络 犯罪分子). Jonathan first made headlines when he and another Swede, Fredrik Bjoerck, found out the maker of the "Melissa" virus(病毒) in March 1999. He came to the aid of the FBI again on May 7, finding out the suspected(嫌疑的) sender of the dangerous "I LOVE YOU" virus. The suspect was caught in Manila on May 8. Jonathan’s special skills are in hot demand as officials around the world express alarm at the "virtual" crime wave. In between studying for final exams, hanging out with friends and refereeing his younger brother’s football matches, the quiet, gentle teenager also gives lessons on e-security(电子安全) to large companies. He reads a lot and exchanges information with other computer experts to learn much about the latest tricks of the hacker (黑客) trade. Many companies have already tried to employ him, but he is not interested at the moment. Instead, he plans to begin law school in the autumn at Sweden’s Uppsala University and start up his own e-security company. Although he works with the FBI now, his family insists he’s just "a regular kid‖. "Jonathan is a great kid, he has his friends and he does a lot more than just play with the computer," his little sister Tessa said, adding that he helps the FBI because "he likes to help", not because he’s looking for fame and recognition. When the world was hit by the "Love Bug" virus, Jonathan was too busy preparing a speech on e-security to look into the problem. "Finally on May 7, I had some free time, so I began looking." Within a few hours, he had found the suspect and e-mailed his method and results to the FBI. He said his work on the "Melissa" virus, which took three weeks to solve, was a big help in finding the suspect so quickly. "This time I knew exactly where to start, I knew what to disregard and what to look at." 1. The passage mainly wants to tell us that Swedish kid helps FBI find out the most wanted cyber criminals. 2. The public started to know something about Jonathan just from his speech on e-security to many computer companies after his fight against hackers. 3. From Jonathan’s success in finding out the sender of the dangerous "I LOVE YOU" virus we can infer that where there’s a will, there’s a way. 4. Many companies want the young computer expert to join in 5. Jonathan is a regular kid but does something unusual. III. Cloze There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should choose ONE that best fits into the passage. 6 Not only can the computer gather facts, it can also store them as fast as they are gathered and can pour them out 1 they are needed. The computer is really a high-powered 2 ma-chine that "has all the answers" or 3 all. What is the most efficient 4 for driving a car 5 the New York-New Jersey tunnels? What 6 of canned goods is 7 in a particular supermarket? What kind of weather will we have tomorrow? The computer will flash out the 8 in a fraction of a second. 9 gathering and storing information, the computer can also solve complicated problems that once 10 months for people to do. For example, 11 sixteen hours an electronic brain 12 CHEOPS solved a difficult design problem. 13 , it was fed all the information 14 for designing a chemical plant. After running through 16,000 15 designs, it picked out the plan for the plant 16 would produce the most chemical 17 the lowest cost. 18 it issued a printed set of exact specifications. Before CHEOPS solved this problem, a team of engineers having the same information 19 worked for a year to produce only three de- signs, 20 of which was as efficient as the computer's. 1. A) whatever B) whenever C) whoever D) whomever 2. A) "memory" B) "thinking", C ) "talking" D) "learning" 3. A) near B) close C) most D) almost 4. A) rate B) ratio C) speed D) pace 5. A) through B) over C) by D) for 6. A) tape B) brand C) style D) species 7. A) popularer B) the popularest C) most popular D) the most popular 8. A) numbers B) articles C) answers D) motions 9. A) Beside B) Besides C) Except D) In addition 10. A) spent B) needed C) occupied D) took 11 A) with B) within C) for D) beyond 12 A) named B) naming C) calling D) in name 13 A) At first B) First of all C) Above all D) First 14 A) demanding B) requiring C) necessary D) good 15 A) possible B) likely C) seeming D) impossible 7 16 A) it B) what C) who D) that 17 A) in B) at C) by D) to 18. A) After B) Before C) Afterwards D) Then 19. A) have B) has C) had D) / 20. A) none B) no one C) nothing D) nobody IV. Short Answer England is still the best country in the world for queue worshippers. Many tourists include standing in queues in their itinerary and some British émigrés have been known to renounce their adopted countries just to return to the homeliness of standing in lines. Mind you, it’s nothing like the great days of the war years when rationing filled every High Street with stretches of people. There was a real spirit about it then. People were even known to line up outside shops that had nothing anyone really wanted. Buses do keep up the tradition, ganging up so as to leave the longest possible time between each red cluster. Personally, I hate queues, especially those in banks. In America, everyone entering a bank goes to the end of a single line. Then, as each clerk’s window is cleared, the next person has his proper turn. In this country, each window has its own queue, and you can bet that the innocent-looking person I pick to stand behind has a bag hidden about him somewhere, with ,5’s worth of coppers that will all have to be painstakingly counted. 1. What does ―queue‖ mean? 2. Why did people queue during the war? 3. How do buses help preserve the tradition? 4. In para.2, line 3, ―this country‖ refers to_______. 5. What’s the difference between queues in an English bank and in an American bank? V. Correction 1. I scan the street and pathways for anything—or anyone—unusual before pull into the garage. A B C D 2. As I spoke, I setted the KFC box on the planter beside the pathway, contriving as I did so to A B C toss my house keys into a bush. D 3. His dark eyes shone like a polished glass; his arms and legs moved unexpectedly, as if A B C attached to unseen wires. 8 D 4. I’ve seen enough criminal trials to know victims of armed attacks are seldom able to identify A B their offenders because of their attention focuses on the guns, rather than on their users. C D 5. I turned to see their shadow get into a car and speed away. A B C D 6. I poured a stiff drink and, soon, two uniforming officers of a LAPD arrived. A B C D 7. He said the pair’s methods suggested they might be the same men who had committed a A B number of robberies in the area over the past a few months. C D 8. So, last Monday I looked through album-sized books of pictures most of young men – an A B C D amazing number of them actually children. 9. Turning those pages and studying their photographs are like flowing on a sad current that, like A B C Blake’s Thames, seems to ―mark in every face, marks of weakness, marks of woe.‖ D 10. Together, these young men are a kind of river—one that is out of control, eat at the A B C foundations of things we hold dear: our freedom to move about; the fruits of labor; our own D lives and those of people we value. VI. Translation from Chinese into English 1. 他们常常在网上交谈,但从来没有过面谈。 2. 人都会出错，没有人例外。 3. 作为自己孩子的榜样，父母言行需谨慎。 4. 中国一直把发展经济的工作放在第一位(中国重视经济发展)。 5. 世界各国人民想拥有一个和平的生活环境，而不是充满冲突和战争的环境。 6. 作为大学生，你现在所能做的事情就是全身心地获取知识。 VII. Writing Topic: Effects of China’s Single-Child Policy 9 VIII. True and False 1. Before the author parked his car in the garage, he looked around and made sure that it is safe. 2. The author put the KFC box on the planter beside the pathway and threw his key to the robber. 3. The author can no t identify the offenders. 4. When he was robbed, the author focused his attention on the guns. 5. When the robbing happened, the author was too nervous to the appearances of the two robbers. 6. The robbers have committed a number of robberies in the area over the past few months. 7. The author compared these young men who committed crimes to a river. 8. According to the writer, these young men are it by bit destroying the basic ideas they hold dear. 9. Writer implies that some day we will have to deal with these young men and try to find out the cause of their discontent. 10. To the author, we need to build a dam to prevent the flood. KEYS: Vocabulary and Structure 1. B 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.A 7.C 8.A 9.D 10.A 11. D 12.A 13.A 14.B 15.D 16.D 17.C 18.B 19.A 20.B Reading Comprehension DBCAA DBCBA BDDCA CDDBA Fast Reading T F his work together with Fredrik Bjoerck to find out the maker of the "Melissa" virus T T T Cloze BADCA BDCBD BADCA DBDCA Short Answer 1. Stand in lines. 2. For rations. 3. Buses gang up to leave the longest possible time between each red cluster. 4. England 5. In an English bank, each window has its own queue whereas in an American bank, there is only a single line. Correction 1. D pull 10 2. A set 3. A polished 4. C because 5. B shadows 6. B uniformed 7. D few 8. C mostly 9. B is 10. C eating Translation from Chinese into English 1. They've had a lot of online chatting, but they never had a face-to-face conversation. 2. To err is human, and nobody can be an exception. 3. As the examples of their children, parents need to be cautious of their behaviors and speeches. 4. China has been attaching primary importance to the development of economy. 5. People in all countries want a peaceful environment for living rather than one filled with conflicts and wars. 6. As a student, all you’ve got to do now at college is to put all your heart into acquiring knowledge. True and False 1. (T) 2. (F) (He managed to throw his house keys into a bush.) 3. (F) 4. (F) (On the robbers) 5. (F) (He paid attention to the appearance of these two robbers on purpose.) 6. (T) 7. (T) 8. (T) 9. (T) 10. (F) (It is here a metaphor.) 11 12