乙醇的化学性质

乙醇的化学性质 orientation of enterprise and business investment trends and investment, active-site describes the city's resources and foreign investment policies, projects, thematic investment and go investment methods, some strings for economic construction in Pingliang. Zhejiang entrepreneurs Association, Gansu province has coordinated relevant merchants to the city many times, such as field trips. Total 16 assist in securing project, seek State investment of 7.64 million Yuan. Three are Windows role to play, in terms of promotion and information services to a new level. The two foreign offices, is an important window for municipal governments in Beijing and Lanzhou, broad market space and good communication networks for their mining resources, promote awareness of Pingliang provides a broad stage. Liaison Office in Beijing and around the annual priorities, strengthen cooperation with relevant State departments, institutions and Pingliang contact who staff in Beijing, expanding information channels, focus on collecting and sorting with dynamic, advanced, authenticity, universality and practicality of a variety of information, using modern Office means the establishment of archives information network, and disseminated the information and news briefing. The blue Office with nostalgia for the link, relying on the building, active in Pingliang records celebrities worked in Pingliang and leaders at all levels of work, organized a "Fellowship of born in Pingliang in the blue people" activities such as LAN Pingliang in the subjects of 课题:乙醇的化学性质 三、本课教学目标 1(知识技能 (1)掌握乙醇的结构和性质 (2)了解乙醇在生活中的应用 (3)了解科学实验研究的一般方法:提出问题、问题、设计实验和解决问题 2(过程与方法 (1)创设问题情境，创设研究性学习课堂氛围，引导学生了解发现问题和提出问题、分析问题和设计科学实验、研究问题和解决问题的科学研究基本方法。 (2)充分发挥学生的主体作用，体现教学过程中的“对话与交流”。 (3)归纳推理、演绎推理、类比推理的基本逻辑思维方法。 3(态度情感价值观 (1)通过教材中金属钠事故的处理方法引入，唤起学生的问题意识，激发学生的研究兴趣、培养学生的探究精神。 2)通过演示实验的观察，让学生体验化学变化之美，激发学生的好奇心和求知欲。 ( (3)通过问题的分析和探究，使学生认识到科学研究的基本方法。 (4)通过小组讨论、研究，体现学生之间的合作学习与交流。 四、教学过程与教学资源设计 本节课重点在于培养学生的问题意识、分析问题和解决问题能力和创新精神。主题一:类比推理在探究学习中的应用 类比推理是重要的逻辑思维方法之一，运用对比的方法进行探究，能使学生迅速地通过已有知识的迁移，生长出新的知识。例如，学生对钠与水反应的现象、规律及化学方程式是比较熟悉的，通过让学生探究乙醇与金属钠反应、水与金属钠反应的现象的异同，可有效地帮助学生在已有知识??钠与水反应规律的基础上迁移得出有关的钠与乙醇反应的规律，并通过对比二者实验现象的差异，得出乙醇不同于水的性质。进而在教师引导学生思考钠与水结构的不同，从而帮助学生建立结构决定性质的初步意识。 教师为主活动 学生为主活动 设计意图 [投影] 探究实验要求 观看，倾听 明确探究的 ,blue people" activities such as LAN Pingliang in the subjects ofcords celebrities worked in Pingliang and leaders at all levels of work, organized a "Fellowship of born in Pingliang in the ang reted the information and news briefing. The blue Office with nostalgia for the link, relying on the building, active in Pingliality of a variety of information, using modern Office means the establishment of archives information network, and disseminaracticing, expanding information channels, focus on collecting and sorting with dynamic, advanced, authenticity, universality and pnual priorities, strengthen cooperation with relevant State departments, institutions and Pingliang contact who staff in Beijthe anorks for their mining resources, promote awareness of Pingliang provides a broad stage. Liaison Office in Beijing and around ices, is an important window for municipal governments in Beijing and Lanzhou, broad market space and good communication netwpromotion and information services to a new level. The two foreign offTotal 16 assist in securing project, seek State investment of 7.64 million Yuan. Three are Windows role to play, in terms of nt merchants to the city many times, such as field trips. asome strings for economic construction in Pingliang. Zhejiang entrepreneurs Association, Gansu province has coordinated relev site describes the city's resources and foreign investment policies, projects, thematic investment and go investment methods,-iveorientation of enterprise and business investment trends and investment, act (1)分别做乙醇、水与金属钠反应的实验 思考钠与乙醇的实验如何做, 内容和目的，(2)提示:钠与水反应的实验操作如下 根据钠与水 反应的实验 操作，迁移出 钠与乙醇反 应的实验操 作 [巡视，指导] [分组探究] 探究实验，让[投影] 提示思考题 (1)设计实验 学生在观察、 对比实验现象，有什么相同点，有什么(2)实施探究实验 对比、思考中不同点，思考能得出什么规律。 (3)观察并记录实验现象 学习 (4)讨论思考题 [讨论] 组织学生交流和讨论 [回答] 通过现象的[提问] 钠与水反应、钠与乙醇反应的实验现(1)都能反应，放出无色气体，应相同点，引导象有什么相同之处，说明了什么, 该是氢气，说明乙醇和水中都有活学生思考乙 泼氢，能被钠置换成氢气。 醇和水结构 (2)加入酚酞后，溶液都是红色，上的相同点 说明都生成了碱性物质。 [讨论] 组织学生交流和讨论 [回答] 按顺序回答，[提问] 钠与水反应、钠与乙醇反应的实验现(1)钠浮在水面上，而在乙醇中沉培养学生的象有什么不同之处，说明了什么, 底，说明钠的密度小于水而大于乙思维有序性 请按照你观察到的现象出现的顺序回答。 醇。 [评价] 很好，回答正确，请看钠、乙醇和水倾听 以定量数据 3的密度对比，钠:0.97g/cm;乙醇:强化定性的 330.789g/cm;水:1.0g/cm 判断结果 [提问] 钠与水反应、钠与乙醇反应的实验(2)钠与水反应剧烈，很快，钠熔继续对比 现象还有什么不同之处，说明了什么, 化成一个闪亮的小球;而钠与乙醇 反应温和，很慢，钠并不熔化。说 明钠与水反应放热明显，与乙醇反 应放热不明显。 [点评] 很好，所以我们以后会知道，水是极(3)钠在水面上熔化成的小球四处继续对比 弱的电解质，而乙醇是非电解质。 游动，并伴随“嘶嘶”声，而钠在[提问] 请继续对比钠与水、乙醇反应的现乙醇中上下跳动。游动和跳动都是象。 由于反应生成气体的缘故。 ,n in Pingliang in the blue people" activities such as LAN Pingliang in the subjects ofactive in Pingliang records celebrities worked in Pingliang and leaders at all levels of work, organized a "Fellowship of bording, network, and disseminated the information and news briefing. The blue Office with nostalgia for the link, relying on the builiversality and practicality of a variety of information, using modern Office means the establishment of archives information ty, untact who staff in Beijing, expanding information channels, focus on collecting and sorting with dynamic, advanced, authenticijing and around the annual priorities, strengthen cooperation with relevant State departments, institutions and Pingliang conin Beiood communication networks for their mining resources, promote awareness of Pingliang provides a broad stage. Liaison Office l. The two foreign offices, is an important window for municipal governments in Beijing and Lanzhou, broad market space and gpromotion and information services to a new leveTotal 16 assist in securing project, seek State investment of 7.64 million Yuan. Three are Windows role to play, in terms of has coordinated relevant merchants to the city many times, such as field trips. some strings for economic construction in Pingliang. Zhejiang entrepreneurs Association, Gansu province site describes the city's resources and foreign investment policies, projects, thematic investment and go investment methods,-ds and investment, activeorientation of enterprise and business investment tren [点评] 很好，原因相同，也可能有不同的现[写] 引导学生注象。请写出钠与水、乙醇反应的化学方程式，2Na + 2HO = 2NaOH + H? 意结构和性22 2Na+2CHCHOH?2CHCHONa+H? 32322思考乙醇和水结构上的相同点和不同点。 质的关系 [讨论，回答] 乙醇中具有羟基官能团，水中也有 羟基，乙醇中还有乙基，而水中没 有乙基。 [展示] 乙醇、水的分子结构模型 观看，倾听 学科思想体[小结] 乙醇和水结构上相同点和不同点是现:结构决定导致它们与水反应的现象异同的根本原因。 性质，性质反 映结构。 [提问] 乙醇的燃烧反应，属于什么反应类[回答] 属于氧化还原反应，碳发生复习提问引型,乙醇中的碳发生的变化是什么, 氧化反应。 入，从熟悉的 问题切入 [再问] 如果乙醇在催化剂存在下，发生氧化[讨论] 先从定性探的规律是什么,请大家设计探究实验，发现参照教材中的提示设计实验方案 究实验入手 其规律, [探究实验] 进行分组实验，操作，观察，记录， 分析结果 [组织讨论交流] 请各组代汇报实验结果，[回答] 分步汇报，培请按实验步骤进行汇报，先说第一步的实验(1)点燃酒精灯，将铜丝在酒精灯养学生思维操作、现象和结论等。 上灼烧至红热，观察到铜丝表面变的有序性 黑，说明加热条件下铜被氧化成黑 色的氧化铜，化学方程式为 ? 2Cu + O 2CuO 2 [点评] 很好，操作准确、观察仔细、结论正[回答] 继续汇报 确。再汇报第二步的实验操作、现象和结论(2)将灼热的铜丝迅速插入到乙醇等。 中，观察到铜丝表面恢复红色，乙 醇保持沸腾一段时间，说明氧化铜 被乙醇还原为铜，且反应放热。 [点评] 很好，特别是他们观察到了放热的现[回答] 继续汇报 象，很难得。请继续汇报第三步的实验操作、(3)重复上述实验几次，现象相同， ,blue people" activities such as LAN Pingliang in the subjects ofcords celebrities worked in Pingliang and leaders at all levels of work, organized a "Fellowship of born in Pingliang in the ang reted the information and news briefing. The blue Office with nostalgia for the link, relying on the building, active in Pingliality of a variety of information, using modern Office means the establishment of archives information network, and disseminaracticing, expanding information channels, focus on collecting and sorting with dynamic, advanced, authenticity, universality and pnual priorities, strengthen cooperation with relevant State departments, institutions and Pingliang contact who staff in Beijthe anorks for their mining resources, promote awareness of Pingliang provides a broad stage. Liaison Office in Beijing and around ices, is an important window for municipal governments in Beijing and Lanzhou, broad market space and good communication netwpromotion and information services to a new level. The two foreign offTotal 16 assist in securing project, seek State investment of 7.64 million Yuan. Three are Windows role to play, in terms of nt merchants to the city many times, such as field trips. asome strings for economic construction in Pingliang. Zhejiang entrepreneurs Association, Gansu province has coordinated relev site describes the city's resources and foreign investment policies, projects, thematic investment and go investment methods,-iveorientation of enterprise and business investment trends and investment, act 现象和结论等。 所得溶液的气味与无水乙醇的气味 不同，经查书知道生成的是乙醛。 ? CuO+CHCHOHCu+CHCHO+HO 3232[点评] 很好，特别是他们知道利用教科书这[回答] 实验结果的一有力的工具解决他们的问题。请思考上述(4)合并上述两个方程式得到: 分析处理 ? 两个反应总的结果是什么, 2CHCHOH+O2CHCHO+2HO 32232 总的结果是乙醇被氧化成了乙醛， 氧气被还原成水，铜反应前后没变， 因此是催化剂。 [点评] 很好，总的结果反映在总的化学方程[回答] 通过对催化式中。 催化剂在化学反应中的作用是加快剂概念的思[提问] 催化剂它在化学反应中的作用是什反应速率，催化剂不是不参加反应，考引出定量么,催化剂是不是不参加化学反应, 而是反应前后的性质和质量不变。 探究实验 [点评] 很好，有一点很关键，反应前后催化[讨论] 定量实验设剂的性质和质量不变。性质不变我们刚才已设计探究实验方案 计 经看到了，质量不变如何验证呢，请同学们 讨论后提出实验方案。 [组织讨论交流] 请各组代表汇报你们设计[回答] 交流实验方的实验方案。 (1)先称量一根粗铜丝 案，保证全体 (2)再按照上述实验完成加热氧学生定量探 化、乙醇还原 究实验的成 (3)擦干后进行称量，看前后铜丝功 的质量是否真的不变。 [点评] 方案很好，结果是否如你们预期的一[探究实验] 定量探究实样呢,请大家分组实验，请注意实验数据的进行分组实验，操作，观察，记录，验是深入的真实、准确。 分析结果 探究 [组织讨论交流] 请各组代表汇报你们的实[回答] 数据交流，强验结果。 有的组质量不变，有的组质量有微化结果 小变化 [点评] 任何实验都会有误差的，我们的天平[倾听] 科学实验是最小精度是0.1g，因此微小的差别是可能[回答] 允许有误差的，只要在误差范围内，我们都可以视为质铜丝反应前后质量不变，说明铜的的，培养学生量相等。最后的结论是什么, 确是催化剂。 的科学研究 ,n in Pingliang in the blue people" activities such as LAN Pingliang in the subjects ofactive in Pingliang records celebrities worked in Pingliang and leaders at all levels of work, organized a "Fellowship of bording, network, and disseminated the information and news briefing. The blue Office with nostalgia for the link, relying on the builiversality and practicality of a variety of information, using modern Office means the establishment of archives information ty, untact who staff in Beijing, expanding information channels, focus on collecting and sorting with dynamic, advanced, authenticijing and around the annual priorities, strengthen cooperation with relevant State departments, institutions and Pingliang conin Beiood communication networks for their mining resources, promote awareness of Pingliang provides a broad stage. Liaison Office l. The two foreign offices, is an important window for municipal governments in Beijing and Lanzhou, broad market space and gpromotion and information services to a new leveTotal 16 assist in securing project, seek State investment of 7.64 million Yuan. Three are Windows role to play, in terms of has coordinated relevant merchants to the city many times, such as field trips. some strings for economic construction in Pingliang. Zhejiang entrepreneurs Association, Gansu province site describes the city's resources and foreign investment policies, projects, thematic investment and go investment methods,-ds and investment, activeorientation of enterprise and business investment tren 方法 [小结] 请各组代表用一句话总结你们今天[回答] 用学生小结的探究实验体会 甲同学:观察实验现象要仔细，否代替老师的 则不容易观察全面。 总结，效果会 乙同学:定量化探究实验很有意思 更好 丙同学:研究问题一定要全面，先 定性、再定量 丁同学:称量前铜丝必须擦干，否 则就有较大误差 „„ [板书设计] 乙醇的化学性质 1. 置换反应 2. 消去反应 3. 催化氧化 4. 取代反应 (方程式) (方程式) (方程式) (方程式) 特点:„„ 特点:„„ 反应特点:„„ 反应特点:„„ 标题:氯气的化学性质问难讨论 五、学习效果评价设计 1(评价方法 (1)学生问卷调查:对于知识与技能的达成度，学生对本节课的具体感受，可以通过问卷形式调查。 (2)单元测验成绩分析:通过测验分析一周后、一月后学生对本节知识与技能的达成度。 六、教学反思 (1)教学设计巧妙，目标定位准确，是新课标主体性优质课的保证。 教学设计要围绕促进学生的发展为核心进行设计，在整个教学中要能够关注学生的知识应用，思维能力和科学思想、科学方法培养，注重实验探究和问题探究。教学设计上从培养学生的问题意识和问题分析能力入手，通过演示实验、实验录像等多种手段，吸引学生的注意力，以学生提出的问题的交流引发全体学生思考，使学生较快得进入学习状态，并在整个教学过程中保持浓厚的研究性学习氛围。 (2)充分发挥学生的学习自主性，重视能力培养和方法指导，是新课标主体性优质课的重要特征。 在整个教学过程中，老师必须能较好地把学生的主体作用和教师的指导作用结合起来，课堂上注重对话与交流，注重激发学习的兴趣和对问题解决的追求。把实验探究、问题探究和元素化合物知识的学习很好地结合起来，使知识应用和分析问题、解决问题能力的培养、科学思想、科学方法 ing, expanding information channels, focus on collecting and sorting with dynamic, advanced, authenticity, universality and pnual priorities, strengthen cooperation with relevant State departments, institutions and Pingliang contact who staff in Beijthe anorks for their mining resources, promote awareness of Pingliang provides a broad stage. Liaison Office in Beijing and around ices, is an important window for municipal governments in Beijing and Lanzhou, broad market space and good communication netwpromotion and information services to a new level. The two foreign offTotal 16 assist in securing project, seek State investment of 7.64 million Yuan. Three are Windows role to play, in terms of nt merchants to the city many times, such as field trips. asome strings for economic construction in Pingliang. Zhejiang entrepreneurs Association, Gansu province has coordinated relev site describes the city's resources and foreign investment policies, projects, thematic investment and go investment methods,-iveorientation of enterprise and business investment trends and investment, act,blue people" activities such as LAN Pingliang in the subjects ofcords celebrities worked in Pingliang and leaders at all levels of work, organized a "Fellowship of born in Pingliang in the ang reted the information and news briefing. The blue Office with nostalgia for the link, relying on the building, active in Pingliality of a variety of information, using modern Office means the establishment of archives information network, and disseminaractic 的形成和学习方法的指导有机地结合起来。学生的学习主动性得到很好的调动，学习效果才能好。 (3)学生思维的发展，是新课标主体性优质课堂成果的体现 学生是课堂活动中的主人，教师的任务是创设最优化的课堂教学环境，以促进学生在课堂活动中思维的发展。本节课的主要教学目标之一是促进学生问题意识的提高，促进学生掌握化学分析问题、探究实验和解决问题能力的提高，因此，在教学设计和实施上以三个层次的问题的研究和讨论实现这一目标。首先，思维发展的第一层次——感知，通过对演示实验的观察和描述，以帮助学生形成初步的感官认识，并形成归纳推理思维能力。其次，思维发展的第二层次——深入，通过反应规律的迁移讨论，帮助学生巩固对已有的推理思维方法的认识，深刻理解化学演绎推理的思维过程。最后，思维发展的第三层次——运用，通过让学生应用已掌握的知识对实际问题的分析解决，帮助学生落实掌握分析问题和解决问题的一般方法，并在解决方案的对比中掌握类比推理的思维方法。 参考文献 [1]何克抗. 建构主义的教学模式、方法与设计. 北京师范大学学报 1997(5) ]中华人民共和国教育部制订. 普通高中•化学课程标准(实验)[M]. 北京:人民教育出版社，2003:1 [2 [3]中华人民共和国教育部制订. 普通高中•化学课程标准(实验)[M]. 北京:人民教育出版社，2003:2 [4]中华人民共和国教育部制订. 普通高中•化学课程标准(实验)[M]. 北京:人民教育出版社，2003:8 n in Pingliang in the blue people" activities such as LAN Pingliang in the subjects ofactive in Pingliang records celebrities worked in Pingliang and leaders at all levels of work, organized a "Fellowship of bording, network, and disseminated the information and news briefing. The blue Office with nostalgia for the link, relying on the builiversality and practicality of a variety of information, using modern Office means the establishment of archives information ty, untact who staff in Beijing, expanding information channels, focus on collecting and sorting with dynamic, advanced, authenticijing and around the annual priorities, strengthen cooperation with relevant State departments, institutions and Pingliang conin Beiood communication networks for their mining resources, promote awareness of Pingliang provides a broad stage. Liaison Office l. The two foreign offices, is an important window for municipal governments in Beijing and Lanzhou, broad market space and gpromotion and information services to a new leveTotal 16 assist in securing project, seek State investment of 7.64 million Yuan. Three are Windows role to play, in terms of has coordinated relevant merchants to the city many times, such as field trips. some strings for economic construction in Pingliang. Zhejiang entrepreneurs Association, Gansu province site describes the city's resources and foreign investment policies, projects, thematic investment and go investment methods,-ds and investment, activeorientation of enterprise and business investment tren,