名词

nullnullnull名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。 一.名词的数。 1.可数名词复数的规则变化 (1)通常在名词词尾加s lake—lakes boy—boys arm—arms (2)以字母s，x，sh，ch结尾的词加es bus—buses box—boxes brush—brushes wish—wishes church—churches glass—glasses beach—beaches sandwich--sandwichesnull(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，变y为i，再加es factory—factories library—libraries country—countries story—stories family—families dictionary—dictionaries party—parties (4)以f或fe结尾的词，变f或fe为v，再加es knife—knives leaf—leaves shelf—shelves wife—wives half—halves thief—thieves wolf—wolves life—lives (5)以o结尾的大多数加s，少数加esnullzoo—zoos photo—photos radio—radios piano—pianos kangaroo—kangaroos hero—heroes tomato—tomatoes potato--potatoes 2.可数名词复数的不规则变化 (1)内部元音字母发生变化 foot—feet man—men tooth—teeth mouse—mice woman—women policeman—policemen (2)词尾发生变化ox—oxen 公牛 child—children null(3)个别单、复数同行 sheep—sheep deer—deer fish—fish (4)people（人们）指示复数 (5)表示“某国人”的单、复数 单复数同行 Chinese—Chinese Japanese—Japanese 词尾加s German—Germans Russian—Russians American—Americans Australian—Australians Indian—Indiansnull变man为men Frenchman—Frenchmen Englishman—Englishmen (6)复合名词的复数变化 man和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时，两部分都用复数 a man teacher—men teachers a woman doctor– women doctors a grown-up—grown ups 成年人 a boy student—boy students a girl friend--girl friendsnull3.不可数名词的数 不可数名词分为物质名词（表示无法分为个体的物质。rice，water，milk）和抽象名词（表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念。work，time，health） 不可数名词在句子中作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。不可数名词前面不能使用a/an (1)不可数名词通常只有单数形式，没有复数形式 advice, ink, clothing, sugar, news, trouble, weather, traffic, information, homework, progress, experience（经验）fun, furniture, knowledge, bread, hair, soil, populationnull(2)不可数名词数量，要借助一个可数名词来表达，其结构为：数词+可数名词+of+不可数名词 a piece of bread two cups of tea (3)既可数又不可数的名词 room—房间（可数）；空间（不可数） fish—鱼（可数）；鱼肉（不可数） glass—玻璃杯（可数）；玻璃（不可数） paper—试卷，报纸（可数）；纸张（不可数） null有些名词形式上是复数，意义上却是单数，谓语动词用复数，常用some或a pair of来修饰 scissors, glasses(眼镜), trousers, gloves, shoes, shorts 有些名词以s结尾，但意义上是单数，谓语动词用单数。 news, maths, physics 有些集合名词是单数形式，但用作复数 police, people Mr. Green 格林先生—the Greens 格林一家人null二.名词所有格 1.构成 (1)单数名词在末尾加’s Mike’s car the boy’s aunt my mother’s hair (2)如果名词已有复数词尾s，只加’ 3 hours’ walk the students’ bags (3)不以s结尾的复数名词，直接在词尾加’s children’s toys men’s clothes (4)如果两个名词并列，并且分别加’s,则表示“分别有”；最后一个有’s，则表示“共有”nullJim’s and Jack’s rooms 吉姆和杰克各自的房间 Jim and Jack’s room 吉姆和杰克共有的房间 (5)无生命的名词所用格一般由“of+名词”构成 the window of house a map of China (6)表示时间、距离、重量、国家、城市、群体等无生命的名词也可加’s表示其所有关系 today’s newspaper the city’s park 城市的公园 two miles’ distance forty pounds’ weight the world’s popolationnull(7)双重所有格表示整体中的一部分，结构为“of+名词’s”或“of+名词性物主代词 a book of my father’s a friend of mine = one of my friends (one of后的名词用复数）’s所有格所修饰的名词，如果前面已出现，就可以省略，避免重复 The bike is not mine. It’s my brother’s. 表示年代的意义 in the 1760’s He was born in the 60’s. 表示“家”、“店铺”等场所 at the doctor’s at the Smith’s at the chemist’s在药店 nullnull1.Both Jim and Li Lei are ____. a good student B. a good students C. good student D. good students 2.We have bought two ____ for the coming party. box of apples B. boxes of apples C. box of apple D. boxes of apple 3.There are many ____ in the basket. tomatoes B. tomatos C. tomato D. potatosDBAnull4.I met two _____ in the street yesterday. German B. Australian C. American D. Japanese 5. There are many ____ in the school. women teachers B. woman teachers C. women teacher D. woman teacher 6.Help yourselves to some ____, dear children! fishs B. fishes C. fish D. the fishDACnull7.It’s about ____ walk from my house. ten minute B. ten minutes’ C. ten minute’s D. ten minutes 8.The chair over there is ____ . Mary’s and Joy’s B. Mary’ and Joy C. Mary and Joy D. Mary and Joy’s 9.I hear we will have a ____ holiday in ____. two day’s; two day’s timeB. two-day; two day’s time C. two-day; two days’ time D. two days; two-day time BDCnull10.It is said that an old friend of ____ will come to my home. my father’s B. my fathers’s C. father’s D. fathers’ 11.Changjiang River is one of the longest ______ (river) in China. 12.He has several interesting _______ (book). 13.A few _____(boy) are drawing on the wall. 14.I have two ________(knife).Ariversbooksboysknivesnull15.There are some _________(potato) in the basket. 16.Two _________(policeman) are standing here. 17.Two third of the teachers in our school are______________(女教师）. 18.When I am in trouble. Miss Liu will give me many __________(建议）. 19.I want three _______(glass) of _____ (milk). 20.These _______(watch) and _____ (clock) are made in this ________(city). potatoespolicemenwomen teacherssuggestionsglassesmilkwatchesclockscity