怎样做阅读理解题

年 级 初三 学 科 英语 内容标 怎样做阅读理解题 编稿老师 李艳 【本讲教育信息】 一. 教学内容： 怎样做阅读理解题 二. 具体内容： （一）怎样做补全对话。 “补全对话”就是根据所提供的情景和对话内容补全所缺部分。它所考查的内容多与日常交际有关，如问路、购物、打电话等，考查的目的是检验考生运用口头语言的能力。要做好这类题，考生必须注意在西方文化不同的背景、场合和文化习俗中，要用适当的英语来达。做题时，可参考下列步骤和方法： 1、迅速浏览对话，认真审题 迅速浏览对话，认真审题，其目的是明确题目，把握对话大意，推断对话的话题，以便正确而快速地答题。 2、细读对话，把握语境和上下文。 能否把握语境和上下文，是做好“补全对话”的关键。要把握好对话的语境和上下文关系，必须细读对话，认真理解对话，注意捕捉关键的信息词语。解题时，要将自己置身于对话的情景之中，依据对话的情景、内容、上下文关系和交际习惯，选用合适的词语或句子填空。 3、检查修改。 带着填好的答案重新浏览对话，仔细检查核对，看看补全后的对话是否连贯，是否合乎逻辑与情理，所填词汇或句子有无拼写，语法及用词错误等。如有错误，加以改正。 ［课堂练习］ 1、从所给的A，B，C，D，E 五个选项中，选择适当的句子完成下列对话。 A. May I try it on? B. Ok. I’ll take it. C. How much is it? D. Yes, I’d like to have a hat. E. Size L. A: What can I do for you? B: 1 . A: What size do you wear? B: 2 A: Here you are. B: Oh, a red one. I don’t like red. Have you got any blue ones? A: I’m sorry we haven’t got any at the moment. What about a white one? B: That’s all right. 3 A: Certainly. B: 4 A: 200 yuan, please. B: 5 2. 从所给的A、B、C、D、E 五个选项中，选择适当的句子完成下列对话。 A. Ah…Is there anything serious? B. Thank you, doctor. C. I’ve got a bad headache. D. My temperature seems all right. E. About two days. A: What’s your trouble? B: 1 A: How long have you been like this? B: 2 A: Have you taken your temperature? B: 3 A: Let me examine you. Open your mouth and say “Ah”. B: 4 A: You’ve just got a cold. It’s nothing serious. Take this medicine three times a day and drink more hot water. B: 5 3. 根据下面对话内容，从方框中选出四个合适的短语，并用其正确的形式填空，使对话意思完整。 nurse a baby train for the job begin to do the job receive one’s training have a baby soon A: Hi, Alice. B: Hi, Jack, I hear your mum is a district nurse. A: Yes, she is. B: Where 1 she ? A: Well, she 2 in a hospital near our home. B: Does she know how 3 ? A: Of course, she does. B: Good. My aunt 4 . She needs her help. A: Oh, she likes her job and enjoys helping others. 4. 根据下面对话，在横线上填入合乎情景的内容，使对话意思完整。 A: Hello. B: Hello, may I speak to Wu Dong, please? A: Sorry, he’s not in. 1 B: This is Li Ping. I’m Wu Dong’s friend. A: Oh, he has gone to see the doctor. B: 2 A: He’s got a fever and a bad headache. B: 3 A: Thank you. 以上答案请见名师面授！ （二）怎样做阅读理解题 1. 快速通读短文，掌握短文大意和主旨 快速通读短文，以便对整个短文的内容、主旨、作者的写作意图与观点、以及内在的逻辑关系等各个方面有一个全面的理解。此外，也要浏览短文后面的问题，看清题目要求，注意捕捉那些问题中所暗示的线索和细节。 2. 认真理解短文，尤其要注意对相关细节的理解 在阅读理解的过程中，要注意捕捉重要的信息短语，紧扣相关细节的理解，才能快速和正确地答题。如果短文为记叙文，阅读时要注意短文中所提供的时间、地点、人物和事件等要素，要弄清事件的起因、发展和结果，掌握人物特征及其相互之间的关系。对于说明文和应用文，解题时，也可以先看问题再看文章，以便针对问题迅速寻找相关信息，从而提高阅读速度。阅读理解的材料若为说明文和应用文时，要把握短文中的论点论据，要注意短文所提供的各种数据，从而运用所获信息进行理解、和判断。在阅读过程中如遇到某个不认识的单词，可根据上下文关系，对比关系和构词知识等来猜测它的意义。 3. 再次通读全文，检查核对所选答案 ［课堂练习］ I. A boy and his father were walking in the mountains. Suddenly the boy fell, hurt himself, and cried, “Aaahhhhhh!!!” To his surprise, he heard the voice repeating, somewhere in the mountains, “Aaahhhhhh!!!” Then the boy shouted, “Who are you?” He received the answer, “Who are you?” He got angry at the answer, so he shouted, “Foolish!” He received the answer, “Foolish!” He looked at his father and asked, “What’s going on?” The father smiled and said, “My son, listen.” And then he shouted to the mountain, “I love you!” The voice answered, “I love you!” Again the man cried, “You are the best!” The voice answered, “You are the best!” The boy was surprised, but he did not understand. Then the father explained, “People call this “Echo” but really this is life. It gives you back what you say or do. Our life is just a reflection of what we have done. If you want to be successful, work hard. This can be used in everything in life. Life will give you back everything you have given to it.” 1. At first, the boy cried because . A. he hurt himself and felt bad. B. he wanted to give himself a surprise C. he felt it was so quiet in the mountain D. he hoped his father would help him 2. When the boy heard the voice repeating, he thought . A. it was foolish to hear others’ voice B. someone else in the mountain liked his voice C. there were many other people in the mountains D. he was laughed at by someone else in the mountains 3. The father shouted to the mountains to A. find out who was repeating his voice B. have fun with other people in the mountains C. show more examples to his son before giving him the answer D. let his son know whose voice was louder 4. The word “Echo” means . A. life itself B. repeating voice C. love in the world D. everything in life 5. From the story, we know . A. the boy didn’t like others’ voice at all B. the father had his own way to teach his son C. it is not polite to repeat others’ voice D. the boy and his father were rather tired II. Many American families live busy lives. Every week, the children have sports, music lessons, club meetings, and many other activities, including hours of homework. The parents are busy, too. They work, take care of their homes, cook meals, and drive their children to activities. Some families do not have time to eat meals together more than once a week. One American community decided that it was time to take a break. After seven months of planning, the community of Ridgewood, New Jersey, took one night off. They called it “Family Night”, a night for families to spend time together. Sports teams stopped their practices, and teachers did not give homework. On Family Night, families agreed to turn off their televisions. They also decided not to answer the telephone. Answering machines said, “Please call back tomorrow.” Many families ordered take-out pizza and other take-out food so that they wouldn’t spend time cooking. Popular activities included board games and card games. These games gave families a chance to spend time together. Children and parents weren’t so busy, and children didn’t spend so much time playing video games and watching television. On Family Night, families relaxed and spent the evening together. The town hopes to have many more “Family Nights”. 1. Many American families are too busy. 2. Children have many other activities besides homework. 3. It took one night for Ridgewood to plan the special “Family Night”. 4. During “Family Night”, families watched television together. 5. Parents cooked a big dinner for the whole family on “Family Night”. 6. More “Family Nights” are expected by the people in the town. 以上答案请见名师面授！ 【模拟】（答题时间：30分钟） I. 补全对话。 （一） A: ______________________? B: Yes. I like animals very much. A: ____________________________? B: I like the dolphin best. I think it’s the most intelligent animal. A: ___________________________________? B: The platypus is the most unusual animal I’ve ever seen. A: ________________________________? B: It looks like a duck and a fish. It has legs. A: __________________________________? B: Well, I saw one in the Sydney Zoo. （二） A: Good morning, Doctor. B: __________________________________ A: I have a cough and a running nose. B: __________________________________ A: Ever since yesterday afternoon. B: Ok, let me have a look. ________________ A: Ah…________________________ B: No, nothing serious. You have a cold. Just take this medicine and _______________ A: __________________________________ II. 阅读理解。 Conrad was eighteen months old when he crawled up on a piano bench and began playing some tunes he heard on the radio. At three he wrote his first piano piece, which he named “Congratulations”. Like Mozart, he could compose music before he could spell. At ten, Conrad studied at Juilliard School in New York City, one of the best music schools in the world. He spent five hours a day playing the violin and piano. “I’m like and unlike other children,” he said, “I’m interested in the same things as other children, such as books and films. And I’m not such a big fan of practicing, but I love to do it. Early this year Conrad won a big competition for young composers. He was the youngest of the more than 450 youths entered. Conrad loves to compose classical music. He has written thousands of pieces of all kinds. When he has time, he reads Harry Potter. He also goes to see Spider Man. 1. The writer mainly wants to tell us . A. about the whole life of Conrad B. about a famous young composer C. about a good music school D. how to become a successful composer 2. Conrad reads Harry Potter and sees Spider Man because he . A. has the same interests as other children B. is unlike other children C. wants to kill time D. loves books and films of all kinds 3. Conrad composed his first piano piece . A. when was 10 years old B. before he studied at Juilliard School C. when he met Mozart D. after he learned to spell 4. The Chinese for the underline word “tunes” should be . A. 乐器 B 音响 C 乐谱 D曲词 5. Which of the following about Conrad is true? A. He could play the piano very well when he was one year and a half. B. He won a big competition in new York for young pianists. C. He practiced playing the piano as well as the violin at school. D. He composed thousands of beautiful songs for children. 【试题答案】 I. 1. Do you like animals? Which animal do you like best? What’s the most unusual animal you’ve ever seen? What does it look like? Where did you see it? 2. Good morning, what’s the matter? How long have you been like this? Open your mouth and say “Ah”. Is it serious? Have a good rest Thank you. II. BABCC