虚拟语气的用法

虚拟语气的用法 虚拟语气的用法 虚拟语气 l 虚拟语气的使用范围及判断 一虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。该语法主要用于if 条件状语从句。也可用于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等。 二 if 条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断 If 条件状语从句有真实条件句和非真实条件句。假设条件可以实现的句子为真实条件句（如在阴天说if it rains, we will not go out），反之为非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。 三假设条件一般为： 1） 与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去完成时，主句动词为情态动词＋完成时态。 e.g. If I had come here yesterday, I would have seen him. 2） 与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，主句动词为情态动词＋动词原形。 e.g. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students. 3） 与将来事实可能相反，从句谓语动词用过去将来时，主句动词为情态动词＋动词原形。 e.g. If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn’t go out. 主句谓语动词为情态动词（should, would, could）＋和相应的从句一致的动词形式。 四 if 条件句中如果有were, should, had, 可以省去if, 并使用倒装句序。 l 宾语从句中的虚拟语气 一 wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气：根据从句的意义来判断： 1．与现在和将来相反的事实，从句谓语动词用过去时态； e.g. I wish I were a bird. 2．与过去相反的事实，从句谓语动词用过去完成时态。 e.g. I wished he hadn’t done that. 二表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 从句用“should + 动词原形”构成。而且should 可以省去。用于此结构的动词有：advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest等。 e.g. I insisted that he (should) go with them. He suggested that a meeting (should) be held to discuss the matter. He demanded that I (should) help him. 注意：当insist 表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明，显示”时，不用虚拟语气。 e.g. He insisted that he was honest. The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied with what I had done for him. 三 would rather + 从句 在这种结构中，从句的谓语动词用过去形式表示虚拟。 e.g. I would rather you did this instead of me. l 主语从句中的虚拟语气 一 It be + 形容词+ that…. (should)…. 用于该句型的形容词有：necessary, good, important, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny, strange, surprising, etc. e.g. It is necessary that we （should） get everything ready by the end of the week. It’s natural that he should feel hurt. 一些名词也可用于此结构中，如 a pity, no wonder, ….. 二 It be + 过去分词＋ that……(should)…… 用于该结构中的过去分词是表示“建议、请求、命令”等词的过去分词。如： desired, suggested, requested, ordered, proposed等。 e.g. It is desired that the building of the house be completed next month. 三 It is time (about time/ high time) that…..(过去时动词形式或should + 动词原形)….. e.g. It is high time I went home now = It is high time I should go home now. l 表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气 在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, advice, decision等需要具体内容解释的名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中，要使用虚拟语气、其谓语动词为： should + 动词原形。连接从句的that 不能省略。 e.g. My suggestion is that we should go there at once. What do you think of his proposal that we should put on a play at the English evening? The proposal that we should stay longer in Shanghai was rejected