2000 年 12 月 北 京 体 育 大 学 学 报 D ec. 2000
第 23 卷 第 4 期 Jou rnal of Beijing U n iversity of Physical Education V o l. 23 N o. 4
●学科研究与进展
运动疲劳及过度训练的生化诊断
——运动生物化学动态之三
冯炜权
(北京体育大学运动生物化学教研室, 北京 100084)
摘 要: 在当今的竞技体育中, 训练负荷接近人体生理极限, 必然产生运动疲劳, 甚至导致过度训练, 影响运
动能力的提高, 成为运动员身体机能评定的重要内容。本文将国内外近年来的研究作一综合, 根据运动疲劳
的机理, 把运动疲劳和过度训练的界限用当前较为成熟的生化指标, 尝试作一划分, 供参考和讨论。
关键词: 运动疲劳; 过度训练; 生化诊断
中图分类号: G804. 7 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 100723612 (2000) 0420498205
B iochem ica l D iagnosis of Sports Fa tigue and Overtra in ing
FEN G W ei2quan
(T each ing and R esearch Section of Exercise B iochem istry, BU PE, Beijing 100084, Ch ina)
Abstract: N ow adays, in competit ive spo rt the tra in ing load is clo se to the physio logical lim it of the body, in
w h ich spo rts fat igue is necessary to occu r and even overtra in ing is induced, so that exercise perfo rm ance
imp rovem en t w ill be influenced. T herefo re, spo rts fat igue has becom e the impo rtan t con ten ts of the
functional evaluat ion of the body in ath letes. In th is paper the recen t researches on spo rts fat igue at hom e
and ab road w ere in tegrated. Based on the m echan ism of spo rts fat igue, the bound betw een spo rts fat igue
and overtra in ing is tried to p lo t ou t fo r reference and discussion.
Key words: spo rts fat igue; overtra in ing; b iochem ical diagno sis
1 运动疲劳
引起疲劳的主要是血浆和肌细胞内液中的氨基酸被利用, 目
前知道利用最多的是谷氨酰胺、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸和缬氨酸
解代谢供能受阻。肌糖原消耗和细胞内钾外流使血钾上升,
收稿日期: 1999211230
作者简介: 冯炜权 (1932—) , 男, 广东东莞人, 教授, 博士导师, 研究方向运动疲劳与恢复。
可达 8mmo löL , 高血钾会出现肌无力。肌细胞内 K+ 下降, 细 缺血再灌注和运动诱导的脂质过氧化连锁反应也易引起自
和 血液中M DA 升高 , 肌肉SOD 活性上升 , 人运动后肌肉 体性的观点认识运动疲劳的机理, 提出加速消除疲劳的方
·994·第 4 期 冯炜权: 运动疲劳及过度训练的生化诊断
法, 提高恢复过程的时效性。 2 过度训练
·005· 北京体育大学学报 第 23 卷
参考文献:
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·105·第 4 期 冯炜权: 运动疲劳及过度训练的生化诊断
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