成人高考(专升本)英语笔记

成人(专升本) 样本与笔记说明 1、本文档仅为样本，完整版共23页 如需完整版，请QQ：67460666 联系 ◆最新免费提供部分自考科目音频讲座，请联系站长索取！详见： 官方网址：www.ZiKaoBJ.com  为方便大家，本站特与支付宝签约，开通在线银行支付方式，现在获得本品完整版，仅需您五分钟的时间，请登录： http://www.zikaobj.com/bbs/forumdisplay.php?fid=23 2、样本和完整版笔记均严格按09年最新成考专科起点升本英语大纲整理，分为语法、词汇、完型填空、阅读理解、作文五部分，整体利于全面把握或者考试时临时翻阅。 ◆ 关于站长： 本站长目前于西南政法大学攻读研究生，参与了西政开办的各类考试辅导班（自考、司考、公务员、考研、成教、专升本等）。本站所有笔记均为2009年最新自考核心班内部权威资料，经过细心整理成了WORD版本，便于打印、携带和查找。 ◆ 关于笔记： 我们的每一份资料都凝结着开班八年专业授课老师辛勤的心血，每一份资料都是他们智慧的结晶，每一份资料都是有生命的知识系统，我们求抓使笔记覆盖到每个知识点，抓住最核心的题目，尽我们最大之力保证通过率。 ◆ 笔记特点： 本站所有自考成考笔记是我们辅导班经验丰富的老师的授课笔记精心整理而成，是一套完整复习资料，内容全面，或按不同题型分类整理，或按章节顺序整理，便于打印、携带和查找。 ◆ 郑重承诺： （1）每部笔记的整理严格依据最新教材和考纲； （2）力求涵盖到每个知识点； （3）考点命中率80%，轻松过关。 ◆ 省钱省力： （1）省时：A4纸分栏，排版精美，无需再整理； （2）省力：可直接看笔记，无需再看教材； （3）省钱：省下购买教材的费用，也免去了补考费 ◆ 联系方式： QQ：67460666 旺旺：fsweetie 官方网址：www.ZiKaoBJ.com  三钻信誉自考笔记淘宝店： http://shop34257768.taobao.com/ 2010年成人高考（专升本） 英语（此文档仅为样本，完整版23页） 成人高考(专升本)英语 大纲总的要求 1. 应具备一定的听、说、读、写等综合运用英语语言的能力 2. #考试题#型和每一部分所占的分值： 1）语音：10小题，共10分 2）词汇与语法结构：40小题，共40分 3）完型填空：10小题，共20分 4）阅读理解：20小题，共60分 5）短文写作：一篇短文，分值20分 总分：150分 语法 第一节 名 词（null） 大纲要求掌握： 一、可数名词与不可数名词 二、可数名词的复数形式 三、名词的所有格 四、名词在句子中的作用 一、可数名词与不可数名词 名词分可数与不可数两种。 可数名词表示某类人或东西中的个体。如table, country。 或表示若干个体组成的集合体。如 family, people, committee, police。 不可数名词表示无法分为个体的实物。如air, tea, furniture, water。 或表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念。如work, information, advice, happiness。 有些名词在一种场合下是可数名词,在另一种场合下是不可数名词。 如room 房间（可数），空间（不可数） time 时间（不可数），次数（可数） fish 鱼（不可数），各种各样的鱼（可数） 比较下列例句: There are nine rooms in the house. （房间，可数名词） There isn't enough room for us three in the car . （空间，不可数名词） 不可数名词的数量可以通过在其前面加单位词来表示。 如： 一块肉 a piece of meat 两条长面包 two loaves of bread 三件家具 three articles of furniture 一大笔钱 a large sum of money 二、可数名词的复数形式 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。名词复数的构成如下： 1．一般情况下在名词后加-s。如：girls, books。 ★浊辅音、元音结尾，s发[z] 2．以s, x , ch, sh结尾的词在名词后加-es。如：glasses, boxes, matches, bushes。 ★以s, x , ch, sh结尾,es发[iz] 3．"辅音字母+y"结尾的词，变y为i再加-es。如：city-cities, country-countries。 4．以o结尾的词多数加-es。如：heroes, tomatoes, potatoes。 radios, zoos, photos, pianos, kilos 例外。 5．f, fe 结尾的词，多数变f，fe为v再加-es。如：thief-thieves, leaf-leaves, half-halves, life-lives, wife-wives, knife-knives。 少数名词有不的复数形式。如：man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, child-children, mouse-mice。 ★可数名词复数一般情况下考不规则复数形式。 个别名词的单数和复数的形式是一样的。如Chineses, Japanese, sheep, deer。 三、名词的所有格 名词的所有格表示所属关系， 起形容词的作用。 当名词表示有生命的东西时，所有格一般是在词尾加 's 。 如：Jean's room, my daughter-in-law's friends, my daughters-in-law's friends, children's books。 如果名词已经有了复数词尾s, 则只需加'。如：the teachers' books, my parents' car。 时间名词的所有格在后面加's ，复数加' 。如：today's newspaper, five minutes' walk。 当名词表示无生命的东西时，所有格常由"of"短语构成。 如：the top of the world, the cover of the book, China's capital。 加 's 或 ' 的名词所有格可以表示店铺或某人的家。 如：the grocer's, the tailor's, the Smith's 。 ★名词所有格考试常见部分是 名词表示没有生命的东西时，不能直接在其后加's。 时间名词所有格在其后加's，或复数名词后直接加'。 四、名词在句子中的作用 1．主语是可数名词单数时，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。 All roads lead to Rome.（条条大路通罗马。） His brother is an industrial engineer. The number of the students attending the party is increasing. ★the number of 表示数量，无论后面名词是复数还是单数，谓语动词是单数形式。 Two-thirds of the shop belongs to me. ★two-thirds 三分之二 几分之几作主语，谓语是单数形式。 Both of us are studying English. ★总结：在名词作主语时，the number of 谓语动词单数形式； 几分之几，谓语单数形式； both 谓语使用复数形式。 2、主语是不可数名词、不定式或动名词词组、从句时，谓语动词用单数形式。 All the money he received was given to his mother. Forgetting the past means betrayal. What we are talking now is useless. 3．主语部分若有as well as, with, together with, like, but, except等短语，谓语动词的单、复数与短语前面的名词一致。 Mary, as well as her two sisters, is a student of this school. （as well as her two sisters 作主语Mary的主语补足语，主语 Mary 是单数，所以谓语动词用单数形式） No one except my friends knows anything about it. 4．表示时间、距离、重量、价值等的复数名词作主语时，如果当作整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式。"…+(×)…=…"算式中的谓语动词也用单数形式。 Three times two is six. Three kilometers is 3,ooo metres. (three kilometers作为整体来看） 5．Either, neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Neither of us has been to Italy. Has either of them been to Shanghai? none代表可数的人或东西时，谓语动词可以用单数也可以用复数，代表不可数的东西时，谓语动词用单数形式。 None of the students have/has seen the film. None of the money belongs to me. 6．主语由either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also连接时，谓语形式由最邻近的主语决定。 Not only you but also I am wrong. Neither my aunt nor I am going out this afternoon. Either you or she is to do the work. 7．主语中有and，如果表示单一概念，谓语动词用单数。 The bread and butter is nice. 8．主语前有many a, more than one修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Many a book has been read by the students. ★many a book=many books More than one person has been to the Great Wall. 9．集合名词作主语，当作整体看待时，谓语动词用单数形式，当作每个独立的个体看待时，谓语动词用复数。 The committee meets once a year. (作为整体） The committee are having a meeting now. （作为独立个体） People, police作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The police have come to arrest him. 名词部分考试重点 1、可数名词与不可数名词里，哪几个词是不可数名词。 2、可数名词复数形式重点掌握不规则形式，单、复数相同的名词。 3、名词所有格重点掌握时间名词所有格在其后加's,复数加'。 4、名词在句中的作用，重点掌握刚才的9点。 考点测试 1．Ten days ______ long enough for Mr. Carter to finish his design. He doesn't need any more. A. is B. has beenC. was D. had been ten days 作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数形式。（注意时态） 答案 A 2. Now, many people use the word Ms instead of Miss or Mrs, for example, before the names of ______ in business letters. A. woman manager B. women managerC. woman managers D. women managers names 是复数形式，其后的名词肯定是复数。 两个名词变为复数，两个都要变。 答案 D 3. The number of students who failed the chemistry examination _____ to fifteen. A. have increasedB. has increased C. is increased D. are increasing the number of 谓语动词用单数。 答案 B 4. Neither John nor his father _______ able to wake up early enough to catch the morning train. A. wasB. were C. would be D. have been neither...nor谓语动词跟相邻的主语一致。 答案 A 5. The room is eight _______ long. A. footB. footsC. feet D. feets foot 英尺，复数形式 feet 答案 C 8. Not only the students but also their teacher ______ at the meeting. A. was present B. were present C. have been presentedD. has been presented not only... but also 谓语动词与相邻名词一致。 present 呈现，介绍 答案 A 9. One of the things she wrote about ______ life on a small farm at the beginning of the century. A. is B. wasC. are D. were one of 谓语用单数。 答案 B 10. Only about one out of twelve of the young men and women of this country _____ college education. A. receive B. receives C. have received D. have been received one out of 谓语用单数形式。 答案 B 11. Never before ______ so many people been engaged in producing goods just for the comfort of man. A. has B. have C. will D. would never before开头，句子倒装。 主语so many people为复数。 engage in doing sth. 忙于做某事。 答案 B 12. At the bus stop were a soldier and two young people on their way to North Carolina. A. were B. was C. is D. sits and waits 主语 a soldier and two young people为复数 答案 A 13. There ______ the last piece of cake and the last spoonful of ice cream. A. goes B. go C. gone D. was gone 主语 the last piece of cake and the last spoonful of ice cream复数 答案 B 14. Mr. Brown, and not I , ________ chosen to be the representative of the class. A. isB. am C. are D. have been 主语 Mr.Brown 答案 A 15. The teacher, as well as a number of students, _______ to attend the party. A. ask B. asks C. was asked D. were asked 谓语动词与as well as前面的名词一致。 答案 C 16. The hostess together with the guests of honor ________ comfortably in the living room. A. was seatedB. seated C. were seated D. were seating 谓语与 together with 前的名词一致 be seated 就坐 Please be seated ladies and gentlmen. Seat the boy next to his brother. 答案 A 17. The father, rather than the brothers, _______ responsible for the accident. A. isB. are C. have been D. has 主语 the father ，单数 be responsible for 对……负责 答案 A 18. Either Carol or Grace ______ to the concert, but one of them has to stay home. A. is coming B. are coming C. will coming D. have come either...or 谓语动词与临近主语一致。 答案 A 19. The total amount of money ______ 100 dollars. A. isB. are C. has D. have money 不可数名词，谓语动词单数。 答案 A 20. Great quantities of fish _____ on high seas. A. is caught B. are caught C. catchD. is catching quantities 复数形式 答案 B 21. Either of the young ladies _____ perfectly qualified to teach Greek and Latin. A. isB. are C. has D. have either打头，谓语动词单数。 答案 A 22. Having studied your report carefully, I am convinced that neither of your solutions _____ correct. A. areB. is C. had D. will neither 两者都不，谓语动词单数。 答案 B 23. In some countries each of the citizens ______ to decide government policies. A. helps B. helpC. are helped D. is helped each 每一个，谓语动词单数。 答案 A 24. The nurse added_____ to the medcine to make the ease for the child to take. A. some sugar B. some sugars C. a sugar D. sugars suger 不可数名词 答案 A take medcine 吃药 25. "I like your furniture very much." "Thank you. We bought ____ in Beijing." A. the most of them B. the most of itC. most of them D. most of it furniture 不可数名词 答案 D 第二节 冠 词 第三节 代 词 第四节 数词 第五节 形容词与副词 第六节 介 词 第七节 连 词 第八节 动 词 第十节 句子的分类 第十一节 强调句、倒装句、省略句 词汇部分 掌握约3000个基础英语单词和相应的常用词组。词汇考试主要是考单词和词组搭配。 构词法 英语的构词方法有三：合成（composition）,派生（derivation）和转换（conversion）. 一、合成 合成：合两个或两个以上的词而成为一个新词，这种构词的方法叫做合成。 1. 复合名词的主要构成方式 1）名词＋名词 classroom　教室，　newspaper 报纸 2）形容词＋名词 blackboard　黑板,highway 公路， 3）动词＋名词 break-water防波堤 4）副词＋名词 outbreak爆发，　overcoat 大衣 5）代词＋名词 he-goat公山羊，　she-wolf 母狼 6）动词＋副词 break-down崩溃 7）名词＋介词短语 editor-in-chief 总编辑, father-in-law岳父 2. 复合形容词的主要构成方式 1）名词＋形容词 snow-white 雪白的,world-wide全世界的 2）形容词＋形容词 bitter-sweet 又苦又甜的，blue-green 绿里发蓝的 3）副词＋形容词 ever-green 常绿的 4）名词＋分词 snow-covered 白雪盖着的，hand-made 手工制作的 5)形容词＋分词 good-looking 好看的 6）副词＋分词 well-meaning 好意的，well-informed消息灵通的 7)形容词＋名词 second-hand旧的，用过的，第二手的 8）形容词＋名词＋-ed open-minded 胸襟开阔的，white-haired白发的 9）数词＋名词＋（－ed） two-faced 两面派的， 3. 复合动词的主要构成方式 1）副词＋动词 overcome　克服，　uphold支持，主张 2）名词＋动词 sun-bathe行日光浴 二、派生 三、转换 完型填空 复习方法 在专生本考试中，完型填空占20分，10小题，每小题两分 复习方法： 1. 方法正确； 2. 保证足够的时间（10-15分钟） 主要考察内容： 对短文的理解；相关的词汇和语法知识 做题方法：首先通读全文 Passage 1 Jeans are the most __1__ kind of clothes in the world. They are popular almost __2__, in Japan, France, Indonesia, Canada and Brazil. Rich people and poor people wear them. Young people and even some old people wear them. Why are they popular? Who made the __3__ jeans? In 1849 two men discovered gold in California. Men from the __4__ of the United States and other countries hurried there to look for gold, too. These miners needed some __5__ clothes. A young man from Germany __6__ Levi Strauss arrived in California in 1850. He went there to sell things to the miners. He saw that the miners needed strong pants, so he began to make __7__. He used cloth __8__ people make tents from. He put rivets (铆钉) on the __9__ to make them strong, because the men put rocks in them. These pants were very strong and could __10__ a long time. The pants became very popular immediately. 1.A. nice B. unusual C. popular D. beautiful1. 选C 2.A. every where B. nowhere C. elsewhere D. somewhere 选A 3.A. popular B. early C. first D. latest 选C 4.A. part B. some parts C. many parts D. other parts 选D 6.A. name B. names C. namedD. naming 选C 5.A. soft B. tough C. kind D. pretty 选B 7.A. pantsB. clothes C. it D. them 选A 8.A. that B. wha C. the D. those 选A 本题如果有which, 也可以选。 如果本句为He used cloth from_____ 答案就只能选which 9.A. pants B. pockets C. clothes D. jeans选B 10.A. wear B. useC. wash D. last A的正确答案为 be worn选D 涉及到上下文的有7道，涉及到语法的有1道 阅读理解 阅读理解的问题可分为： 主题思想判断 细节定位 逻辑推理 1.主题思想判断 常见的问题为： The best title for the passage is_______. This passage talks mainly about________. The main idea of this passage is… What does this passage mainly discuss? 2. 细节定位 when, where, who, why, how. 常见的问题有： According to the passage, which of the following is true? According to the passage, which of the following in NOT true? According to the passage, all of the following are true EXCEPT…? The passage suggests that… How/When/Where does something happen? 3．逻辑推理 常见的问题为： From the passage, it can be inferred that… This passage has probably been taken from… 这类问题一般有三个特点：1.不违背推理原则； 2. 推断条件充分; 3. 理解题的答案不明显。 如果问题中有了imply, suggest, infer等表示暗示意义的词时，解题时切不可把原文中已明确陈述的事实作为答案。另外要特别注意文中出现的修饰语。 有些阅读考查学生的推理能力。这类的问题一般不能从文章中直接找出答案，应该找到相关信息在文章中的位置，联系上下文进行推理。如一篇文章中有这样的一句话： If you make a five-day trip across the Atlantic Ocean, your ship enters a different time zone every day. 后面有一个问题： From this passage it seems true that the Atlantic Ocean_________. A. is in on e time zone B. is divided into twenty-four zones C. is divided into five time zones D. cannot be crossed in five days 在阅读考试中，的常识和知识面与阅读能力同样重要，平时应该进行广泛阅读。如在一篇谈到地球上时区划分的文章中有这样的一个问题： The international date line is the name for_________. A. the beginning of any new time zone B. any point where time changes by one hour C. the point where a new day begins D. any time zone in the Pacific Ocean 阅读理解的方法： 作文 写作授课要点 短文写作总分20分。短文写作部分要求写出一篇80字左右的短文。题材以记叙文为主，可能给出题目或规定情景或段首句。 短文写作的要求为：能够正确表达思想，意义连贯，无重大语言错误。 写作内容涉及生活，一般常识和私人信件。 短文写作中的题目我们也可以称作命题写作。 情景写作也就是便条写作。 段首句式的写作可以称为主题句式的写作。 一、英语写作训练的要点