民法典总则编中英文对照

PAGEPAGE1民法典总则编中英文对照第一编总则PARTI.GENERALPROVISIONS第一章基本Chapter1BasisfortheProvisions第一条为了保护民事主体的合法权益，调整民事关系，维护社会和经济秩序，适应中国特色社会主义发展要求，弘扬社会主义核心价值观，根据宪法，制定本法。Article1ThisLawisformulatedinaccordancewiththeConstitutioninordertoprotectthelegitimaterightsandinterestsofcivilsubjects,adjustcivilrelationsandmaintainthesocialandeconomicorder,soastomeettheneedsofdevelopingsocialismwithPRCcharacteristicsandcarryingforwardsocialistcorevalues.第二条民法调整平等主体的自然人、法人和非法人组织之间的人身关系和财产关系。Article2TheCivilLawshalladjustpersonalrelationshipsandpropertyrelationshipsbetweennaturalpersons,legalpersonsandunincorporatedassociationsassubjectswithequalstatus.第三条民事主体的人身权利、财产权利以及其他合法权益受法律保护，任何组织或者个人不得侵犯。Article3Thepersonalrights,propertyrightsandotherlegitimaterightsandinterestsofcivilsubjectsshallbeprotectedbythelaw;noorganizationorindividualmayinfringeuponsuchrightsandinterests.第四条民事主体在民事活动中的法律地位一律平等。Article4Allcivilsubjectsareequalasregardstheirlegalstatusincivilactivities.第五条民事主体从事民事活动，应当遵循自愿原则，按照自己的意思设立、变更、终止民事法律关系。Article5Allcivilsubjectsengagingincivilactivitiesshallobservetheprincipleofvoluntarinesstoestablish,changeorterminatecivillegalrelationsinaccordancewiththeirownintentions.第六条民事主体从事民事活动，应当遵循公平原则，合理确定各方的权利和义务。Article6Allcivilsubjectsengagingincivilactivitiesshallobservetheprincipleoffairnesstodeterminereasonablytherightsandobligationsofallpartiesconcerned.第七条民事主体从事民事活动，应当遵循诚信原则，秉持诚实，恪守承诺。Article7Allcivilsubjectsengagingincivilactivitiesshallobservetheprincipleofgoodfaith,adheretohonestyandfulfilltheircommitments.第八条民事主体从事民事活动，不得违反法律，不得违背公序良俗。Article8Nocivilsubjectengagingincivilactivitiesmayviolatelawsorgoagainstthepublicorderandgoodmorals.第九条民事主体从事民事活动，应当有利于节约资源、保护生态环境。Article9Allcivilsubjectsengagingincivilactivitiesshallhelpsaveresourcesandprotecttheecologicalenvironment.第十条处理民事纠纷，应当依照法律;法律没有规定的，可以适用习惯，但是不得违背公序良俗。Article10Civildisputesshallbedealtwithinaccordancewiththelaw;wherenorelevantprovisionisprescribedbythelaw,customsmayapply,withoutviolationofthepublicorderandgoodmorals.第十一条其他法律对民事关系有特别规定的，依照其规定。Article11Wherespecialprovisionsoncivilrelationsareprescribedbyotherlaws,suchprovisionsshallapply.第十二条中华人民共和国领域内的民事活动，适用中华人民共和国法律。法律另有规定的，依照其规定。Article12LawsofthePeople'sRepublicofChinashallapplytoanycivilactivitywithintheterritoryofthePeople'sRepublicofChina.Wherethelawsprovideotherwise,suchprovisionsshallprevail.第二章自然人Chapter2NaturalPersons第一节民事权利能力和民事行为能力Section1CapacityforCivilRightsandCapacityforCivilConduct第十三条自然人从出生时起到死亡时止，具有民事权利能力，依法享有民事权利，承担民事义务。Article13Anaturalpersonshallhavethecapacityforcivilrightsfrombirthtodeathandshallenjoycivilrightsandassumecivilobligationsinaccordancewiththelaw.第十四条自然人的民事权利能力一律平等。Article14Allnaturalpersonsareequalasregardstheircapacityforcivilrights.第十五条自然人的出生时间和死亡时间，以出生证明、死亡证明记载的时间为准;没有出生证明、死亡证明的，以户籍登记或者其他有效身份登记记载的时间为准。有其他证据足以推翻以上记载时间的，以该证据证明的时间为准。Article15Thedateofbirthordeathofanaturalpersonshallbebasedonthedaterecordedonhisorherbirthcertificateordeathcertificate.Wherethebirthcertificateordeathcertificateisnotavailable,thedaterecordedonthehouseholdregistrationoranyothervalididentityregistrationshallapply.Ifthereisotherevidencesufficienttooverturntheaforesaiddate,thedateprovedbysuchevidenceshallprevail.第十六条涉及遗产继承、接受赠与等胎儿利益保护的，胎儿视为具有民事权利能力。但是，胎儿娩出时为死体的，其民事权利能力自始不存在。Article16Whereafetusisinvolvedintheprotectionoftheinterestsofthefetus,suchasinheritanceandacceptanceofgifts,thefetusshallbedeemedashavingthecapacityforcivilrights.However,ifthefetusisdeadatbirth,itscapacityforcivilrightsdoesnotexistfromthebeginning.第十七条十八周岁以上的自然人为成年人。不满十八周岁的自然人为未成年人。Article17Anaturalpersonaged18oroverisanadult.Anaturalpersonundertheageof18isaminor.第十八条成年人为完全民事行为能力人，可以独立实施民事法律行为。Article18Anadulthasthefullcapacityforcivilconduct,andmayperformciviljuristicactsindependently.十六周岁以上的未成年人，以自己的劳动收入为主要生活来源的，视为完全民事行为能力人。Aminorwhohasreachedtheageof16andwhosemainsourceofincomeishisorherownlaborshallbedeemedasapersonwithfullcapacityforcivilconduct.第十九条八周岁以上的未成年人为限制民事行为能力人，实施民事法律行为由其法定代理人代理或者经其法定代理人同意、追认;但是，可以独立实施纯获利益的民事法律行为或者与其年龄、智力相适应的民事法律行为。Article19Aminorwhohasreachedtheageofeightisapersonwithlimitedcapacityforcivilconductandshallberepresentedintheperformanceofciviljuristicactsbyhisorheragentadlitemorobtaintheconsentoracknowledgmentofhisorheragentadlitem.However,suchaminormayindependentlyperformciviljuristicactswhicharepurelytobenefittheminorortheperformanceofwhichiscompatiblewithhisorherageandintelligence.第二十条不满八周岁的未成年人为无民事行为能力人，由其法定代理人代理实施民事法律行为。Article20Aminorundertheageofeightisapersonhavingnocapacityforcivilconductandshallberepresentedintheperformanceofciviljuristicactsbyhisorheragentadlitem.第二十一条不能辨认自己行为的成年人为无民事行为能力人，由其法定代理人代理实施民事法律行为。Article21Anadultwhoisunabletoaccountforhisorherownconductisapersonhavingno16capacityforcivilconductandshallberepresentedintheperformanceofciviljuristicactsbyhisorheragentadlitem.八周岁以上的未成年人不能辨认自己行为的，适用前款规定。Theprovisionsoftheprecedingparagraphshallapplytoaminorwhohasreachedtheageofeightbutisunabletoaccountforhisorherownconduct.第二十二条不能完全辨认自己行为的成年人为限制民事行为能力人，实施民事法律行为由其法定代理人代理或者经其法定代理人同意、追认;但是，可以独立实施纯获利益的民事法律行为或者与其智力、精神健康状况相适应的民事法律行为。Article22Anadultwhoisunabletofullyaccountforhisorherownconductisapersonhavinglimitedcapacityforcivilconductandshallberepresentedintheperformanceofciviljuristicactsbyhisorheragentadlitemorobtaintheconsentoracknowledgmentofhisorheragentadlitem.However,suchanadultmayindependentlyperformciviljuristicactswhicharepurelytobenefittheadultortheperformanceofwhichiscompatiblewithhisorherintelligenceandmentalhealth.第二十三条无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人的监护人是其法定代理人。Article23Theguardianofapersonwithoutorwithlimitedcapacityforcivilconductshallbehisorheragentadlitem.第二十四条不能辨认或者不能完全辨认自己行为的成年人，其利害关系人或者有关组织，可以向人民法院申请认定该成年人为无民事行为能力人或者限制民事行为能力人。Article24Foranadultwhoisunabletoaccountfororfullyaccountforhisorherownconduct,aninterestedpersonoranorganizationconcernedmayapplytoapeople'scourtfordeterminationthatsuchadultisapersonwithoutorwithlimitedcapacityforcivilconduct.被人民法院认定为无民事行为能力人或者限制民事行为能力人的，经本人、利害关系人或者有关组织申请，人民法院可以根据其智力、精神健康恢复的状况，认定该成年人恢复为限制民事行为能力人或者完全民事行为能力人。Forapersonwhohasbeendeterminedbyapeople'scourttobewithoutorwithlimitedcapacityforcivilconduct,thepeople'scourtmay,uponhisorherownapplicationorthatofaninterestedpersonorarelevantorganization,determinehimorhertoberecoveredtobeonewithlimitedorfullcapacityforcivilconduct,dependingontherecoveryofhisorherintelligenceormentalhealth.本条规定的有关组织包括:居民委员会、村民委员会、学校、医疗机构、妇女联合会、残疾人联合会、依法设立的老年人组织、民政部门等。TherelevantorganizationsmentionedinthisArticleshallincludeneighborhoodcommittees,villagers'committees,schools,medicalinstitutions,women'sfederations,disabledpersons'federations,organizationsestablishedaccordingtothelawfortheelderlyandcivilaffairsdepartments.第二十五条自然人以户籍登记或者其他有效身份登记记载的居所为住所;经常居所与住所不一致的，经常居所视为住所。Article25Thedomicileofanaturalpersonshallbehisorherresidencerecordedinthehouseholdregistrationorinanyothervalididentityregistration;ifthehabitualresidenceisnotthesameasthedomicile,thehabitualresidenceshallbedeemedasthedomicile.第二节监护Section2Guardianship第二十六条父母对未成年子女负有抚养、教育和保护的义务。Article26Parentsshallbeobligatedtofoster,educateandprotecttheirminorchildren.成年子女对父母负有赡养、扶助和保护的义务。Adultoffspringareobligatedtosupport,assistandprotecttheirparents.第二十七条父母是未成年子女的监护人。Article27.Parentsareguardiansoftheirminorchildren.未成年人的父母已经死亡或者没有监护能力的，由下列有监护能力的人按顺序担任监护人:Iftheparentsofaminoraredeadorhavenocompetencetobeguardians,oneofthefollowingpersonswhohavethecompetencetobeguardiansshallactastheguardianinthelistedsequence:(一)祖父母、外祖父母;(I).Paternalormaternalgrandparents;or(二)兄、姐;(II)elderbrothersorsisters;or(三)其他愿意担任监护人的个人或者组织，但是须经未成年人住所地的居民委员会、村民委员会或者民政部门同意。(III)otherindividualsororganizationswhicharewillingtoactasguardian,providedthatitisapprovedbytheneighborhoodorvillagecommitteeintheplaceoftheminor'sdomicileorthecivilaffairsdepartment.第二十八条无民事行为能力或者限制民事行为能力的成年人，由下列有监护能力的人按顺序担任监护人:Article28Oneofthefollowingpersonshavingguardianshipcompetenceshallactinthelistedsequenceastheguardianforanadultwithoutorwithlimitedcapacityforcivilconduct:(一)配偶;(I).Spouse;(二)父母、子女;(II)Parentsorchildren;(三)其他近亲属;(III)anyothernearrelative;(四)其他愿意担任监护人的个人或者组织，但是须经被监护人住所地的居民委员会、村民委员会或者民政部门同意。(IV)otherindividualsororganizationswhicharewillingtoactasguardian,providedthatitisapprovedbytheneighborhoodorvillagecommitteeintheplaceoftheward'sdomicileorthecivilaffairsdepartment.第二十九条被监护人的父母担任监护人的，可以通过遗嘱指定监护人。Article29Theparentsofawardmayappointaguardianintheirwillsiftheyarehisguardians.第三十条依法具有监护资格的人之间可以确定监护人。协议确定监护人应当尊重被监护人的真实意愿。Article30Personslegallyqualifiedforguardianshipmayenterintoanagreementtodetermineaguardian.Whereaguardianistobedeterminedbyagreement,thetruewillofthewardshallberespected.第三十一条对监护人的确定有争议的，由被监护人住所地的居民委员会、村民委员会或者民政部门指定监护人，有关当事人对指定不服的，可以向人民法院申请指定监护人;有关当事人也可以直接向人民法院申请指定监护人。Article31Inthecaseofadisputeoverthedeterminationofaguardian,theneighborhoodorvillagecommitteeintheplaceoftheward'sdomicileorthecivilaffairsdepartmentshallappointaguardian;ifthepartiesconcerneddonotagreewiththeappointment,theymayapplytothepeople'scourtforappointingaguardian;thepartiesconcernedmaydirectlyapplytothepeople'scourtforappointingaguardian.居民委员会、村民委员会、民政部门或者人民法院应当尊重被监护人的真实意愿，按照最有利于被监护人的原则在依法具有监护资格的人中指定监护人。Theneighborhoodorvillagecommittee,thecivilaffairsdepartmentorthepeople'scourtshallfollowtheprinciplesofrespectingthetruewillofthewardandbenefitingthewardtothelargestextentinappointingaguardianfrompersonslegallyqualifiedtobeaguardian.依据本条第一款规定指定监护人前，被监护人的人身权利、财产权利以及其他合法权益处于无人保护状态的，由被监护人住所地的居民委员会、村民委员会、法律规定的有关组织或者民政部门担任临时监护人。BeforeaguardianisappointedaccordingtoParagraph1ofthisArticle,ifthepersonalrights,propertyrightsandotherlawfulrightsandinterestsofthewardarenotsubjecttoanyprotection,theneighborhoodorvillagecommitteeintheplaceoftheward'sdomicile,therelevantorganizationspecifiedbythelaworthecivilaffairsdepartmentshallactastheguardiantemporarily.监护人被指定后，不得擅自变更;擅自变更的，不免除被指定的监护人的责任。Theguardian,onceappointed,shallnotbechangedwithoutauthorization;unauthorizedchangedoesnotexemptthedesignatedguardianfromliability.第三十二条没有依法具有监护资格的人的，监护人由民政部门担任，也可以由具备履行监护职责条件的被监护人住所地的居民委员会、村民委员会担任。Article32Wherethereisnopersonlegallyqualifiedtobeaguardian,eitherthecivilaffairsdepartmentortheneighborhoodorvillagecommitteeintheplaceoftheward'sdomicilewhichisqualifiedtofulfilltheguardianshipresponsibilitymayactastheguardian.第三十三条具有完全民事行为能力的成年人，可以与其近亲属、其他愿意担任监护人的个人或者组织事先协商，以书面形式确定自己的监护人，在自己丧失或者部分丧失民事行为能力时，由该监护人履行监护职责。Article33Foranadultwithfullcapacityforcivilconduct,heorshemaynegotiatewithhisorhercloserelativesorotherindividualsororganizationswhicharewillingtoactastheguardianinadvanceanddeterminehisorherguardianinwriting;ifheorshelosesorpartiallylosesthecapacityforcivilconduct,suchguardianshallfulfilltheguardianshipresponsibility.第三十四条监护人的职责是代理被监护人实施民事法律行为，保护被监护人的人身权利、财产权利以及其他合法权益等。Article34Aguardianisinchargeofrepresentingthewardinhisorherperformanceofciviljuristicactsandprotectingtheward'spersonalrights,propertyrightsandotherlegitimaterightsandinterests.监护人依法履行监护职责产生的权利，受法律保护。Theguardian'srightsarisingfromthefulfillmentoftheguardianshipresponsibilityaccordingtothelawshallbeprotectedbythelaw.监护人不履行监护职责或者侵害被监护人合法权益的，应当承担法律责任。Aguardianwhofailstofulfilltheguardianshipresponsibilityorinfringesuponthelawfulrightsandinterestsofthewardshallbearlegalliability.因发生突发事件等紧急情况，监护人暂时无法履行监护职责，被监护人的生活处于无人照料状态的，被监护人住所地的居民委员会、村民委员会或者民政部门应当为被监护人安排必要的临时生活照料措施。Incaseofemergencysuchasoccurrenceofanemergency,etc.,wheretheguardianistemporarilyunabletoperformtheguardianshipresponsibilityandthelifeofthewardisnotcaredfor,theneighborhoodorvillagecommitteeintheplaceoftheward'sdomicileorthecivilaffairsdepartmentshallarrangenecessarytemporarylivingcaremeasuresfortheward.第三十五条监护人应当按照最有利于被监护人的原则履行监护职责。监护人除为维护被监护人利益外，不得处分被监护人的财产。Article35Aguardianshall,accordingtotheprincipleofbenefitingthewardtothelargestextent,fulfilltheguardianshipresponsibility.Aguardianshallnotdisposeofthepropertyofhiswardunlessitistosafeguardtheward'sinterests.未成年人的监护人履行监护职责，在作出与被监护人利益有关的决定时，应当根据被监护人的年龄和智力状况，尊重被监护人的真实意愿。Theguardianofaminor,whilefulfillingtheguardianshipresponsibility,shallrespecttheward'struewillwhenmakingthedecisionrelatedtotheward'sinterestsaccordingtotheward'sageandintelligencestatus.成年人的监护人履行监护职责，应当最大程度地尊重被监护人的真实意愿，保障并协助被监护人实施与其智力、精神健康状况相适应的民事法律行为。对被监护人有能力独立处理的事务，监护人不得干涉。Theguardianofanadult,whilefulfillingtheguardianshipresponsibility,shallrespecttheward'struewilltothelargestextent,andsafeguardandassistthewardinperformingtheciviljuristicactsthatarecompatiblewiththeward'sintelligenceandmentalhealth,andfulfilltheguardianshipresponsibilityinthisregard.Theguardianshallnotinterferewiththeaffairswhichthewardisabletohandleindependently.第三十六条监护人有下列情形之一的，人民法院根据有关个人或者组织的申请，撤销其监护人资格，安排必要的临时监护措施，并按照最有利于被监护人的原则依法指定监护人:Article36Intheeventthataguardianisunderanyofthefollowingcircumstances,thepeople'scourtmay,basedontheapplicationoftheindividualororganizationconcerned,disqualifytheguardian,arrangenecessarymeasuresfortemporaryguardianship,andappointaguardianaccordingtothelawbasedontheprincipleofbenefitingthewardtothelargestextent:(一)实施严重损害被监护人身心健康的行为;（1）.Performingactsthatseriouslydamagethephysicalandmentalhealthoftheward;(二)怠于履行监护职责，或者无法履行监护职责且拒绝将监护职责部分或者全部委托给他人，导致被监护人处于危困状态;(II)Delayinginfulfillingtheguardianshipresponsibility,orbeingunabletofulfilltheguardianshipresponsibilityandrefusingtodelegatepartoralloftheguardianshipresponsibilitytoothers,whichcausesthewardtobeindistress;and(三)实施严重侵害被监护人合法权益的其他行为。(III)Performingotheractsthatseriouslydamagethelawfulrightsandinterestsoftheward.本条规定的有关个人、组织包括:其他依法具有监护资格的人，居民委员会、村民委员会、学校、医疗机构、妇女联合会、残疾人联合会、未成年人保护组织、依法设立的老年人组织、民政部门等。TheindividualsororganizationsconcernedasmentionedinthisArticleshallincludeotherpersonslegallyqualifiedtoactasguardians,theneighborhoodcommittees,villagecommittees,schools,medicalinstitutions,women'sfederations,disabledpersons'federations,organizationsprotectingminors,organizationsestablishedaccordingtothelawfortheelderlyandcivilaffairsdepartments.前款规定的个人和民政部门以外的组织未及时向人民法院申请撤销监护人资格的，民政部门应当向人民法院申请。Whereindividualsandorganizationsotherthancivilaffairsdepartmentsprescribedintheprecedingparagraphfailtoapplytothepeople'scourtsfordisqualifyingtheguardiansintime,thecivilaffairsdepartmentsshallfilesuchapplicationswiththepeople'scourtsinstead.第三十七条依法负担被监护人抚养费、赡养费、扶养费的父母、子女、配偶等，被人民法院撤销监护人资格后，应当继续履行负担的义务。Article37Forparents,childrenandspouseswhobeartheupbringingpayment,alimonypaymentormaintenancepaymentfortheward,theirobligationinregardtosuchpaymentorpaymentshallcontinueaftertheyhavebeendisqualifiedbyapeople'scourtasguardian.第三十八条被监护人的父母或者子女被人民法院撤销监护人资格后，除对被监护人实施故意犯罪的外，确有悔改现的，经其申请，人民法院可以在尊重被监护人真实意愿的前提下，视情况恢复其监护人资格，人民法院指定的监护人与被监护人的监护关系同时终止。Article38Wheretheparentsorchildrenofawardshowtruerepentanceafterbeingdisqualifiedfromguardianshipbythepeople'scourt,thepeople'scourtmay,onthepremiseofrespectingtheward'struewill,enablethemtoregainguardianshipupontheirapplicationasthecasemaybe,exceptforthosewhocommitanintentionalcrimeagainsttheward;theguardianrelationshipbetweentheguardianappointedbythepeople'scourtandthewardshallbeterminatedsimultaneously.第三十九条有下列情形之一的，监护关系终止:Article39Underanyofthefollowingcircumstances,theguardianrelationshipshallbeterminated:(一)被监护人取得或者恢复完全民事行为能力;（1）.Wherethewardgainsorregainsthefullcapacityforcivilconduct;(二)监护人丧失监护能力;(II)Theguardianlosesthecompetencetobeaguardian;(三)被监护人或者监护人死亡;(III)eitherthewardortheguardiandies;or(四)人民法院认定监护关系终止的其他情形。(IV)Othercircumstanceswherethepeople'scourtdeterminesthattheguardianrelationshipshallbeterminated.监护关系终止后，被监护人仍然需要监护的，应当依法另行确定监护人。Wheretheguardianrelationshipisterminatedandthewardstillneedsguardianship,anotherguardianshallbedeterminedaccordingtothelaw.第三节宣告失踪和宣告死亡Section3DeclarationsofMissingPersonsandDeath第四十条自然人下落不明满二年的，利害关系人可以向人民法院申请宣告该自然人为失踪人。Article40Ifanaturalperson'swhereaboutshavebeenunknownfortwoyears,aninterestedpersonmayapplytoapeople'scourtforadeclarationthatthenaturalpersonisamissingperson.第四十一条自然人下落不明的时间自其失去音讯之日起计算。战争期间下落不明的，下落不明的时间自战争结束之日或者有关机关确定的下落不明之日起计算。Article41Thetimeperiodduringwhichanaturalperson'swhereaboutsbecomeunknownshallbecalculatedfromthedaywhencontactwiththenaturalpersonislost.Ifaperson'swhereaboutsbecomeunknownduringawar,thetimeperiodduringwhichthewhereaboutsareunknownshallbecalculatedfromthedaywhenthewarendsorfromthedaywhentheperson'swhereaboutsaredeterminedbyrelevantauthorities.第四十二条失踪人的财产由其配偶、成年子女、父母或者其他愿意担任财产代管人的人代管。Article42Amissingperson'spropertyshallbeplacedinthecustodyofhisorherspouse,adultchildren,parentsorotherpersonswhoarewillingtoserveascustodianoftheproperty.代管有争议，没有前款规定的人，或者前款规定的人无代管能力的，由人民法院指定的人代管。Incaseofadisputeovercustody,ifthepersonsmentionedintheprecedingparagraphareunavailableorarenotcompetenttotakesuchcustody,thepropertyshallbeplacedinthecustodyofapersonappointedbythepeople'scourt.第四十三条财产代管人应当妥善管理失踪人的财产，维护其财产权益。Article43Thecustodianofpropertyshallproperlymanagethemissingperson'spropertyandsafeguardthepropertyrightsandinterestsofthemissingperson.失踪人所欠税款、债务和应付的其他费用，由财产代管人从失踪人的财产中支付。Anytax,debtandotherduechargesowedbythemissingpersonshallbepaidbythecustodianoutofthemissingperson'sproperty.财产代管人因故意或者重大过失造成失踪人财产损失的，应当承担赔偿责任。Wherethecustodianofpropertycausesdamagetothemissingperson'spropertyduetointentionalmisconductorgrossnegligence,thecustodianshallbeliableforcompensation.第四十四条财产代管人不履行代管职责、侵害失踪人财产权益或者丧失代管能力的，失踪人的利害关系人可以向人民法院申请变更财产代管人。Article44Wherethecustodianofpropertyfailstofulfillthedutyofcustody,infringesthemissingperson'spropertyrightsandinterests,orlosesthecompetencetotakesuchcustody,aninterestedpersonofthemissingpersonmayfileanapplicationwiththepeople'scourttochangethecustodian.财产代管人有正当理由的，可以向人民法院申请变更财产代管人。Ifthepropertycustodianhasajustifiedreason,hemayapplytothepeople'scourtforthechangeofpropertycustodian.人民法院变更财产代管人的，变更后的财产代管人有权请求原财产代管人及时移交有关财产并财产代管情况。Whereapeople'scourtchangesthecustodianofproperty,afterthechangethecustodianisentitledtorequesttheoriginalcustodiantohandovertherelevantpropertyandreportthefactsonpropertycustodyinatimelymanner.第四十五条失踪人重新出现，经本人或者利害关系人申请，人民法院应当撤销失踪宣告。Article45Intheeventthatamissingpersonreappears,thepeople'scourtshall,upontheapplicationofthepersonhimselforaninterestedperson,revokethemissing-persondeclaration.失踪人重新出现，有权请求财产代管人及时移交有关财产并报告财产代管情况。Intheeventthatamissingpersonreappears,heorsheisentitledtorequestthecustodiantoreturntherelevantpropertyandreportthefactsonpropertycustodyinatimelymanner.第四十六条自然人有下列情形之一的，利害关系人可以向人民法院申请宣告该自然人死亡:Article46Underanyofthefollowingcircumstances,aninterestedpersonmayapplytothepeople'scourtforadeclarationthatanaturalpersonisdead:(一)下落不明满四年;（1）.thenaturalperson'swhereaboutshavebeenunknownforfouryears;or(二)因意外事件，下落不明满二年。(II)thenaturalperson'swhereaboutshavebeenunknownfortwoyearsduetoanaccident.因意外事件下落不明，经有关机关证明该自然人不可能生存的，申请宣告死亡不受二年时间的限制。Ifaperson'swhereaboutsbecomeunknownduetoanaccidentanditisimpossibleforsuchpersontosurviveasprovedbyrelevantauthorities,theapplicationfordeclarationofdeathisnotsubjecttotheaforesaidprovisionsoftwoyears.第四十七条对同一自然人，有的利害关系人申请宣告死亡，有的利害关系人申请宣告失踪，符合本法规定的宣告死亡条件的，人民法院应当宣告死亡。Article47Forthesamenaturalperson,ifsomeinterestedpersonsapplyforthedeclarationofdeathwhileothersapplyforthedeclarationofsuchnaturalpersonasmissing,thepeople'scourtshalldeclarethedeathofthepersonprovidedthattheconditionsfordeclaringthedeathspecifiedhereinaremet.第四十八条被宣告死亡的人，人民法院宣告死亡的判决作出之日视为其死亡的日期;因意外事件下落不明宣告死亡的，意外事件发生之日视为其死亡的日期。Article48Forapersonwhoisdeclareddead,thedatewhenthepeople'scourtrendersthejudgmenttodeclaretheperson'sdeathshallbedeemedasthedateofdeathoftheperson;ifthepersonisdeclareddeadduetoitsunknownwhereaboutscausedbyanaccident,thedatewhentheaccidentoccursshallbedeemedasthedateofdeathoftheperson.第四十九条自然人被宣告死亡但是并未死亡的，不影响该自然人在被宣告死亡期间实施的民事法律行为的效力。Article49Ifanaturalpersonisdeclareddeadbutisnotdead,thevalidityoftheciviljuristicactsperformedbyhimorherduringtheperiodofdeclareddeathshallnotbeaffected.第五十条被宣告死亡的人重新出现，经本人或者利害关系人申请，人民法院应当撤销死亡宣告。Article50Intheeventthatapersonwhohasbeendeclareddeadreappears,thepeople'scourtshallrevokethedeathdeclarationuponapplicationofthepersonorthatofaninterestedperson.第五十一条被宣告死亡的人的婚姻关系，自死亡宣告之日起消除。死亡宣告被撤销的，婚姻关系自撤销死亡宣告之日起自行恢复。但是，其配偶再婚或者向婚姻登记机关书面声明不愿意恢复的除外。Article51Themaritalrelationshipofapersonwhoisdeclareddeadshallceasetoexistfromthedate