2022版新高考英语总复习专题试题--专题九　推理判断（解析版）

PAGE68/NUMPAGES682022版新高考英语总复习--专题九　推理判断—专题检测—Passage1　词数420mangoesOncesmallfarmersinMasii,aremotevillageinKenya,havepickedtheircrops,alltheycandoiswaituntilabuyertrucksthrough.Thesystemworksfairlywellforbeansandcorn,butmangoes—thearea’sothermaincrop—spoil(腐烂)morequickly.Ifthetraderislate,theyrot.ObadiahKisaingu,afarmerinMasii,estimates40%ofthevillage’smangocropislosttospoilage.Butasimplecoatingcouldchangethat.Acompany,SmartTech,hascreatedaproductthatdoublestheshelflifeoffreshproduce,enablingfarmerslikeKisaingutoaccessfar-off,largermarkets.Moretimeforfreshproduceongrocers’shelvesalsomeanslessfoodwaste—a$2.6trillionproblem,accordingtotheUnitedNations’FoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO).JamesRogers,CEOofSmartTech,whohasaPhDinmaterialsscience,wantedtosolvetheproblemforfoodmuchinthesamewaythatoxidebarrierspreventingrust(锈)haveachievedforsteel.Fortunately,researchershavefoundwhenplantsmadethejumpfromwatertolandhundredsofmillionsofyearsago,theydevelopedcutin,abarrierwhichismadeoffattyacidsthatlinktogethertoformasealaroundtheplant,helpingkeepwaterin.Thecutinwassuchagrandstrategythattodayyou’llstillfinditacrosstheplantkingdom.Notthatit’sexactlythesamesolutionacrosstheboard:Anorangecanlastlongerthanastrawberrynotsomuchbecauseofthethicknessofitsskin,butbecauseofthedifferenceinthearrangementofthosecutinmolecules(分子)onthesurface.SmartTech’schallengewasfirstidentifyingthekeycomponentsofcutin.Afterextensivetrials,Rogersandhisteamdevelopedanaturalandtastelessprotectivecoatingfromplantmaterial—stems,leavesandskins.Theproductextendsthesweetspotbetweenripeningandrot.Andbestofall,thetreatedproducedoesn’trequirerefrigeration.SmartTechtraveledalongroadtogethere.Itwassixyearsfromthelaunchbeforeproductsappliedwiththesubstancewereinstores.SmartTech-treatedfruitsandvegetablesarealreadyinlargegrocerychainsinEuropeandtheU.S.andthecompanyrecentlygainedregulatoryapprovalinseverallessdevelopedcountriesinSouthAmerica.“SmartTechhashugepotentialtoturnpoorfarmersinAfricaintocommercialfarmers,”saysRogers.“Thatmeansmoremoneyinpockets,andmorefoodinstomachs.”Butwhetherthecompanycancost-effectivelyreachsmallfarmersinfar-offareasstillremainsachallenge.1.TheauthormentionsthesmallfarmersinKenyato　　　. A.stresstheirneedforpreservingproduceB.showtheirdifficultyinharvestingcropsC.evaluatetheirlosscausedbyslowtransportD.helpexpresstheirwishtoreachlargermarkets2.WhatcanwelearnaboutSmartTech’sproduct?A.ItisfinanciallysupportedbyFAO.B.Itisintendedtoreplacerefrigeration.C.Itisdesignedtothickenproduce’sskin.D.Itisbasedonplants’owndefencesystem.3.WhatdoesJamesRogersexpect?A.Toprofitfarmers.B.Toearnmoremoney.C.Toproducemorefood.D.Toexpandgrocerychains.4.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto　　　. A.proveatheoryB.promoteaproductC.introduceacompanyD.presentatechnology答案语篇解读　本文的主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为科技发展。文章介绍了SmartTech公司产出的一项新技术,这项技术能使农产品保存得更好,从而为农民谋利。1.A　推理判断题。根据第二段中的ObadiahKisaingu,afarmerinMasii,estimates40%ofthevillage’smangocropislosttospoilage.Butasimplecoatingcouldchangethat.Acompany,SmartTech,hascreatedaproductthatdoublestheshelflifeoffreshproduce,enablingfarmerslikeKisaingutoaccessfar-off,largermarkets.可知,农作物易腐烂,作者提到肯尼亚的小农场主是为了强调他们保存农产品的需求。 2.D　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句Fortunately,researchershavefoundwhenplantsmadethejumpfromwatertolandhundredsofmillionsofyearsago,theydevelopedcutin,abarrierwhichismadeoffattyacidsthatlinktogethertoformasealaroundtheplant,helpingkeepwaterin.可知,SmartTech的产品建立在植物本身的防御系统的基础之上。 3.A　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“SmartTechhashugepotentialtoturnpoorfarmersinAfricaintocommercialfarmers,”saysRogers.“Thatmeansmoremoneyinpockets,andmorefoodinstomachs.”可知,詹姆斯·罗杰斯希望通过SmartTech公司为农民谋利。 4.D　主旨要义题。文章主要介绍了SmartTech公司产出的一项新技术,这项技术能使农产品保存得更好,从而为农民谋利。Passage2　词数479Thephilosopher,MartinBuber,ismostknownforhisworkon“I-Thou/You”relationshipsinwhichpeopleareopen,direct,mutuallyinterestedineachother.Incontrast,“I-It”relationshipsarethoseinwhichweusetheother,likeanobject,tosolveourproblemsandfulfillourneedsandpurposes.Itisnotourfaultthatmanyofourrelationshipsareorbecome“It”relationshipsbecausemostofwhatwefeel,thinkanddoismotivatedbyunconsciousmemoriesofhowtosurvivetheenvironmentintowhichwewereborn.Thus,oneofthereasonsweuseotherpeopletohelpusfeelbetteraboutourselvesandcopeintheworldisthatusingpeoplewasoncenecessaryanditworked.Whenweweresmallandhelpless,“It”cameandfedus,andheldus,andsetusonourway.Wedidn’thavetoreciprocateandcarefor“It”.Evenwhenthecareandattentionof“It”wasminimalorunpredictable,ifwegotoutofchildhoodalive,somewherealongtheway“It”wasinvolved.Freudcalledthisstageofearlylife“primarynarcissism”,whichisourinstinct(本能)forself-preservationandisanormalpartofourdevelopment.Whilemostofusgrowoutofit,westillholdasurvivalfear,whichmotivatesustoescapedangerandtostayalive,andweallneedthisfearinhealthymeasure.Theproblemisthattoomanyofus,toomuchofthetime,areinaconstantstateofthreat—andweoftendon’tknowit.Weimaginepeoplearetalkingaboutusbehindourbacks,thatwehavecancer,thatweareinadequate,andvulnerabletomorethanourshareofbadluck.Asourbrainshavegrowninsizeandcomplexity,sohasourabilitytoscareourselves.Thiscausesmanyproblems.Forexample,ourstresslevelsincrease,ourdigestionisimpairedandourthinkingbecomesrestricted.Ourthreatresponsestopsanybodilyfunction,feeling,thoughtandbehaviorthatmight“waste”energyanddetractfromfightingorescapingdanger.Thus,wheninthreat,ouremotional,cognitiveandbehavioralrangeissignificantlyreduced.Andinthisreducedstate,oneofoursolutionsistofindsomeonewhocansaveandcomfortus.Insteadofenablingustobeopen,directandmutual,fearandanxietyleadustowardsconversationsandchoicesinourrelationswithothersthatareorientatedtowardssurviving—notthriving(茁壮成长).Threat-motivatedrelationshipsarecharacterizedbyneed,dependency,control,demand,dishonesty,andself-interest.Wecannotformthe“I-Thou”relationshipsthatBuberspeaksofuntilwehavelearnedtonotice,comfort,andunderstandtheemotionsandpatternsofourthreatbrain.Wheninthreat,wetendtouseotherpeopleasobjectswhocansaveandprotectus,orwhowecanblameforourproblems.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reciprocate”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Returnthefavor.B.Askforsomeadvice.C.Conveyanapology.D.Makesomecomments.2.Whatcanwelearnabout“primarynarcissism”?A.Itleadstooursurvivalfear.B.Itisnormalandusuallytemporary.C.Itimpactsourgrowthnegatively.D.ItlaysthefoundationforFreud’stheory.3.Whichofthefollowingcouldbeanexampleof“I-It”relationships?A.Comfortinganupsetfriend.B.Feelingsorryforyourmistakes.C.Tryinghardtobeindependent.D.Askingotherstotakeonyourtask.4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.HowWeCanFormThe“I-Thou”RelationshipsB.HowWeCanGetOutOfThe“I-It”RelationshipsC.WhyWeTreatOthersAsObjectsRatherThanIndividualsD.WhatHelpsUsSurviveAndThriveInEarlyStagesOfLife答案语篇解读　本文的主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为良好的人际关系与社会交往。文章提出了把别人当成物品对待的“我—它”关系,解释了其背后的原因和可能带来的问题。1.A　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的and可知画线词的意思和carefor一致(我们不必　　　和关心“它”),根据后文Evenwhenthecareandattentionof“It”wasminimalorunpredictable...(甚至当对“它”的关心和关注微乎其微或难以预测时……)中的Even可知,这句话比前句中要达的意思递进一个层次,由此可以判断此处要表达的意思是我们不必“做出回报(returnthefavor)”。 2.B　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句Freudcalledthisstageofearlylife“primarynarcissism”,whichisourinstinct(本能)forself-preservationandisanormalpartofourdevelopment.和第二句中的Whilemostofusgrowoutofit可知,“本源性自恋”是正常的,而且通常是暂时的。 3.D　推理判断题。根据第一段第二句Incontrast,“I-It”relationshipsarethoseinwhichweusetheother,likeanobject,tosolveourproblemsandfulfillourneedsandpurposes.(相反,“我—它”关系是那些我们像对待物品一样利用对方来解决我们的问题、满足我们的需求和目的的关系。)可推知,D项(别人来承担你的任务)与其匹配。 4.C　主旨要义题。文章通过“我—它”关系解释了为什么我们把别人当作物品而不是人。长难句　Incontrast,“I-It”relationshipsarethoseinwhichweusetheother,likeanobject,tosolveourproblemsandfulfillourneedsandpurposes.相反,“我—它”关系是那些我们像对待物品一样利用对方来解决我们的问题、满足我们的需求和目的的关系。 这是一个主从复合句。inwhich引导定语从句,修饰先行词those,关系词在从句中作介词in的宾语;likeanobject为插入语。Passage3　词数460Humans’overconsumptionofresourcesisaleadingcontributortoglobalclimatechange,saysUniversityofArizonaresearcherSabrinaHelm.Therefore,it’sincreasinglyimportanttounderstandthechoicesconsumersmakeandhowthosedecisionsaffectthehealthofaplanetwithlimitedresources.Inanewstudy,publishedinthejournalYoungConsumers,Helmandhercolleaguesexplorehowmaterialisticvaluesinfluencepro-environmentalbehaviorsinmillennials,whoarenowthenation’smostinfluentialgroupofconsumers.Theresearchersfocusedontwomaincategoriesofpro-environmentalbehaviors:reducedconsumption,whichincludesactionslikerepairinginsteadofreplacingolderitems,andgreenbuying,orpurchasingproductsdesignedtolimitenvironmentalimpacts.Theresearchersalsolookedathowengaginginpro-environmentalbehaviorsaffectsconsumerwell-being.Morematerialisticparticipants,theresearchersfound,wereunlikelytoengageinreducedconsumption.However,materialismdidnotseemtohaveaneffectontheirlikelihoodofpracticinggreenbuying.That’sprobablybecausegreenbuying,unlikereducedconsumption,stilloffersawayformaterialiststofulfilltheirdesiretogetnewitems,Helmsaid.Studyparticipantswhoreportedhavingfewermaterialisticvaluesweremuchmorelikelytoengageinreducedconsumption.Consuminglesswas,inturn,linkedtohigherpersonalwell-beingandlowerpsychologicalsuffering.Greenbuying—whichmayhavesomepositiveenvironmentaleffects,althoughtoasmallerdegreethanreducedconsumption—wasnotfoundtoimproveconsumerwell-being,Helmsaid.Thetake-homemessageforconsumers:“Thekeyistoreduceconsumptionandnotjustbuygreenstuff.Havinglessandbuyinglesscanactuallymakeusmoresatisfiedandhappier,”Helmsaid.“Ifyouhavealotofstuff,youhavealotonyourmind,”shesaid.“Forexample,itrequiresmaintenanceandthere’salotofburdensofownership,andifyourelieveyourselfofthatburdenofownership,mostpeoplereportfeelingalotbetterandfreer.”Helmandhercolleaguesadditionallylookedathowmaterialismaffectsmillennialconsumers’proactivefinancialbehaviors,suchasbudgetingandsaving.“Examiningfinancialbehaviorsalongsidepro-environmentalbehaviorsprovidesapictureofhowyoungadultsproactivelydealwithresourcelimitationsintwocontexts:environmentalandfinancial,”Helmsaid.Asexpected,Helmandhercolleaguesfoundthatthosewhoreportedhavingmorematerialisticvaluesengagedinfewerproactivefinancialbehaviorsthantheirlessmaterialisticcounterparts(对应的人).Theresearchersalsofoundthat,consistentwithpreviousstudies,proactivefinancialbehaviorswereassociatedwithbetterpersonalwell-being,lifesatisfactionandfinancialsatisfaction,aswellaslowerpsychologicalsuffering.Understandinghowmaterialisticvaluesimpactconsumerbehaviors,andhowthosebehaviorsinturnaffectpersonalandenvironmentalwell-being,isimportant,Helmsaid.However,sheacknowledgesthatformanyconsumers,shiftingbehaviorstobemorefinanciallyproactiveandconsumelesswillbechallenging.1.Whatdoweknowaboutpro-environmentalbehaviors?A.Theyareacauseofclimatechange.B.Theyleadtoamoresatisfyinglife.C.Theyvaryindifferentagegroups.D.Theyareaffectedbymaterialism.2.ItcanbelearnedfromHelm’sstudythat　　　. A.ownershipofgreenproductsbringsasenseofhappinessB.materialistspreferpracticinggreenbuyingtobuyinglessC.greenbuyinghelpscontrolpeople’sdesiretobuynewitemsD.buyinglessandgreenbuyinghavesimilareffectsonpeople3.Accordingtothestudy,whichofthefollowingcanimproveone’swell-being?A.Replacingolderitems.B.Developingnewresources.C.Buyinggreenerproducts.D.Beingcarefulwithexpenses.4.WhatisHelmprobablygoingtoexplaininthenextparagraph?A.Whenpeopledevelopproactivefinancialbehaviors.B.Whichfinancialbehaviorsleadtomentalwell-being.C.Whyitishardtochangepeople’sfinancialbehaviors.D.Howmaterialisticvaluesinfluencefinancialbehaviors.答案语篇解读　本文的主题语境为人与自然,主题语境内容为人类生存与环境的关系。文章阐述了物质主义价值观对环保行为的影响以及与个体幸福感之间的关系。1.D　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Inanewstudy,publishedinthejournalYoungConsumers,Helmandhercolleaguesexplorehowmaterialisticvaluesinfluencepro-environmentalbehaviorsinmillennials,whoarenowthenation’smostinfluentialgroupofconsumers.可知,物质主义价值观对环保行为产生了影响。 2.B　细节理解题。根据第三段第一、二句Morematerialisticparticipants,theresearchersfound,wereunlikelytoengageinreducedconsumption.However,materialismdidnotseemtohaveaneffectontheirlikelihoodofpracticinggreenbuying.可知,物质主义者不太可能减少消费,但他们愿意“绿色购买”。 3.D　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句Consuminglesswas,inturn,linkedtohigherpersonalwell-beingandlowerpsychologicalsuffering.可知,不崇尚物质、消费少的个体幸福感更高。4.C　推理判断题。最后一段最后一句However,sheacknowledgesthatformanyconsumers,shiftingbehaviorstobemorefinanciallyproactiveandconsumelesswillbechallenging.提到改变消费行为很难,由此可推知,Helm在下一段中会解释这一观点的原因,即为什么转变人的财务行为很难。长难句　Inanewstudy,publishedinthejournalYoungConsumers,Helmandhercolleaguesexplorehowmaterialisticvaluesinfluencepro-environmentalbehaviorsinmillennials,whoarenowthenation’smostinfluentialgroupofconsumers.发表在《年轻消费者》杂志上的一项新研究中,Helm和她的同事探讨了物质主义价值观如何影响千禧一代的环保行为,这一代人现在是美国最具影响力的消费者群体。这是一个主从复合句。how引导宾语从句,作explore的宾语;从句中who引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词millennials,关系词在从句中作主语。Passage4　词数459Whatdoesitmeantoliveagoodlife?Thisquestionhasbeendebatedforcenturies.Inthefieldofpsychology,twomainconceptsofthegoodlifehavebeenquitepopular:Ahappylifefullofpleasureandpositiveemotions,andameaningfullifefullofpurposeandsacrifice.Butwhatifthesearen’ttheonlyoptions?Inrecentyears,along-neglectedversionofthegoodlifehasbeenreceivinggreaterattention:thepsychologicallyrichlife.Itisfullofcomplexmentalengagement,awiderangeofintenseanddeepemotions,anddiverse,novel,surprisingandinterestingexperiences.Sometimestheyareneitherpleasantnormeaningful.However,theyarerarelyboringormonotonous.Afterall,bothhappyandmeaningfullivescanbecomemonotonousandrepetitive.Apersonwithasteadyofficejob,marriedwithchildren,maybesatisfiedandfindhisorherlifemeaningfulandstillbebored.Also,thepsychologicallyrichlifedoesn’tnecessarilyinvolveeconomicrichness.Forinstance,considerHesse’scharacterGoldmund,whohasnomoneybutpursuesthelifeofafreespirit.Researchhasfoundpsychologicalrichnessisrelatedto,butpartiallydistinctfrom,bothhappyandmeaningfullives.Psychologicalrichnessisrelatedwithopennesstoexperienceandexperiencingbothpositiveandnegativeemotionsmoreintensely.Butisthepsychologicallyrichlifeonethatpeopleactuallywant?Inanewstudy,Oishiandhiscolleaguesaskedpeopleinninecountriesthedegreetowhichtheyvalueapsychologicallyrichlife,ahappylifeandameaningfullife.Theyfoundmanypeople’sself-describedideallivesinvolvepsychologicalrichness.Whenforcedtochoosealife,however,themajoritychoseahappylifeandameaningfullife.Evenso,aminorityofpeoplestillfavoredthepsychologicallyrichlife,rangingfrom6.7%inSingaporeto16.8%inGermany.Thesenumberswentupwhenthedesireforapsychologicallyrichlifewasmeasuredindirectly.Tounderstandwhatapersonwishestheirlivesmighthavebeen,itisimportanttoexplorewhatpeoplewishtheyhadavoidedintheirlives.Whenaskedwhattheyregretmostandwhetherundoingthiseventwouldhavemadetheirliveshappier,moremeaningfulorpsychologicallyricher,about28%ofAmericanssaidundoingtheregrettableeventwouldhavemadetheirlivespsychologicallyricher.Thesefindingssuggestthatwhilemostpeoplestrivetobehappyandhavemeaningintheirlives,asizablenumberofpeoplearecontentmerelylivingapsychologicallyrichexistence.AsOishiandhiscolleaguesconclude,“Webelievethattakingthepsychologicallyrichlifeseriouslywilldeepenandenrichourunderstandingofwell-being.”Attheendoftheday,thereisnoonesingularlyacceptablepathtothegoodlife.Youhavetofindapaththatworksbestforyou.1.Accordingtothepassage,thepsychologicallyrichlife　　　. A.meanslivingaluxuriouslifeB.involvesvariousintenseemotionsC.combinespleasurewithpurposeD.emphasizesopennessandrepetition2.WhatdoesOishi’sresearchindicate?A.TheGermanspreferpsychologicalrichnesstoahappylife.B.Undoingregrettableeventshasenrichedmanypeople’slives.C.Ahiddendesireforpsychologicalrichnessexistsamongsomepeople.D.Peoplewithpsychologicalrichnesstendtodescribetheirlivesasideal.3.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat　　　. A.purposeoutweighspleasureintermsofsignificanceB.thechoiceofagoodlifediffersfrompersontopersonC.apositivemindsethelpsusunderstandourwell-beingD.weshouldneverbecontentandalwaysstriveforthebest4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthearticle?A.Tocomparedifferentconceptsofagoodlife.B.Toexplainhowtoliveapsychologicallyrichlife.C.Topersuadepeopletoattainpsychologicalrichness.D.Todrawattentiontoalessfamiliarversionofagoodlife.答案语篇解读　本文的主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为积极的生活态度。人们通常将美好的生活定义为充满愉悦和积极情绪的快乐生活,或是充满毅力和牺牲的有意义的生活,但其实心理丰富的生活也是美好的生活。1.B　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句Itisfullofcomplexmentalengagement,awiderangeofintenseanddeepemotions,anddiverse,novel,surprisingandinterestingexperiences.可知,心理丰富的生活包含了各种强烈的情感。2.C　细节理解题。根据第五段第二句Theyfoundmanypeople’sself-describedideallivesinvolvepsychologicalrichness.以及第七段Thesefindingssuggestthatwhilemostpeoplestrivetobehappyandhavemeaningintheirlives,asizablenumberofpeoplearecontentmerelylivingapsychologicallyrichexistence.可知,Oishi的调查显示,有相当一部分人隐藏着一种对心理丰富的生活的渴望。 3.B　推理判断题。根据第五段最后两句Whenforcedtochoosealife,however,themajoritychoseahappylifeandameaningfullife.Evenso,aminorityofpeoplestillfavoredthepsychologicallyrichlife,rangingfrom6.7%inSingaporeto16.8%inGermany.可推知,对于好的生活的选择是因人而异的。 4.D　主旨要义题。第一段提出关于美好生活的两个主要概念一直很流行:一个是充满愉悦和积极情绪的快乐生活,一个是充满毅力和牺牲的有意义的生活。但随后马上提出问题Butwhatifthesearen’ttheonlyoptions?由此引出了一种与传统概念不相同的生活——心理丰富的生活,所以这篇文章的主要目的是让人们注意到这种不太熟悉的美好生活。Passage5　词数413Overthepasthalf-century,scientistshavesettledontworeasonabletheoriesrelatedtobabytalk.Onestatesthatayoungchild’sbrainneedstimetomasterlanguage.Thesecondtheorystatesthatachild’svocabularylevelisthekeyfactor.Accordingtothistheory,somekeystepshavetooccurinalogicalsequencebeforesentenceformationoccurs.In2007,researchersatHarvardUniversity,whowerestudyingthetwotheories,foundacleverwaytotestthem.Morethan20,000internationallyadoptedchildrenentertheU.S.eachyear.Manyofthemnolongerheartheirbirthlanguageaftertheyarrive,andtheymustlearnEnglishmoreorlessthesamewayinfants(婴儿)do.Internationaladopteesdon’ttakeclassesoruseadictionarywhentheyarelearningtheirnewtongue.Allofthesefactorsmakethemanidealpopulationinwhichresearcherscouldtestthesecompetingtheoriesabouthowlanguageislearned.NeuroscientistsJesseSnedeker,JoyGerenandCarissaShaftostudiedthelanguagedevelopmentof27childrenadoptedfromIndiabetweentheagesoftwoandfiveyears.ThesechildrenbeganlearningEnglishatanolderagethanUSnativesandhadmorematurebrains.Evenso,justasAmerican-borninfants,theirfirstEnglishsentencesconsistedofsinglewords.TheadopteesthenwentthroughthesamestagesastypicalAmerican-bornchildren,thoughatafasterclip.Theadopteesandnativechildrenstartedcombiningwordsinsentenceswhentheirvocabularyreachedthesamesizes,furthersuggestingthatwhatmattersisnothowoldyouareorhowmatureyourbrainis,butthenumberofwordsyouknow.Thisfinding—thathavingmorematurebrainsdidnothelptheadopteesavoidthebabytalkstage—suggeststhatbabiesspeakinbabytalknotbecausetheyhavebabybrains,butbecausetheyhaveonlyjuststartedlearningandneedtimetogainenoughvocabulary.Beforelong,theone-wordstagewillgivewaytothetwo-wordstageandsoon.Learninghowtochatlikeanadultisagradualprocess.Butthisfindingalsoraisesanevenolderandmoredifficultquestion.Adultimmigrantswholearnasecondlanguagerarelyachievethesameproficiencyinaforeignlanguageastheaveragechildraisedasanativespeaker.Researchershavelongsuspectedthereisa“criticalperiod”forlanguagedevelopment,afterwhichitcannotproceedwithfullsuccesstofluency.Yetwestilldonotunderstandthiscriticalperiodorknowwhyitends.1.Whatisthewriter’smainpurposeinParagraph2?A.Toarguethatcultureaffectsthewaychildrenlearnalanguage.B.Togivereasonswhyadoptedchildrenwereusedinthestudy.C.Torejecttheviewthatadoptedchildrenneedtwolanguages.D.Tojustifyaparticularapproachtolanguagelearning.2.WhatdoestheHarvardfindingshow?A.Languagelearningtakesplaceinorderedsteps.B.Somechildrenneedmoreconversationthanothers.C.Childrenwithmorematurebrainsskipthebabytalkstage.D.Vocabularymakeslittledifferencetosentenceformation.3.Whenthewritersays“criticalperiod”,hemeansaperiodwhen　　　. A.childrenstarttolearnasecondlanguageB.immigrantswanttolearnanotherlanguageC.adultsneedtobetaughtbynativespeakersD.languagelearnersmayachievenative-likefluency4.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?A.Whatisbabytalk.B.Whybabieslearnasecondlanguageeasily.C.Whataffectschildren’slanguagedevelopment.D.Howchildrenexpandtheirvocabularygradually.答案语篇解读　本文的主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容是科学研究。文章介绍了影响婴儿语言发展的因素。1.B　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句Allofthesefactorsmakethemanidealpopulationinwhichresearcherscouldtestthesecompetingtheoriesabouthowlanguageislearned.可推知,第二段的目的是说明为什么选择领养儿童作为研究对象。 2.A　推理判断题。根据第四段Thisfinding—thathavingmorematurebrainsdidnothelptheadopteesavoidthebabytalkstage—suggeststhatbabiesspeakinbabytalknotbecausetheyhavebabybrains,butbecausetheyhaveo