现在完成时课件

现在完成时广东省惠州市博罗县罗浮中学赵丽娜构成及功用Presentperfecttense现在完成时构成:have/has+过去分词如：haveeaten,havegone,hasdone,hasfinished,haveseen,havebeen,havebought,hasstudied…注意：have/hasbeen只是“have/has+过去分词”的一种，并不是现在完成时态的固定搭配。功能一：示过去不确定的时间里发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果.现在完成时这一时态强调是过去动作与现在的联系,也就是强调现在的影响和结果.暴乱事件发生在过去，但是对现在造成全民恐慌的影响ViolenceeventhashappenedtoKunmingrailwaystationpresentpastIhaveboughtanapple.OneminuteagonowIboughtanapple.Ihaveanapple.A:WouldyouliketovisittheGreatWallB:Thankyou.butIhavevisiteditbefore功能二：表示过去开始发生的某一动作一直持续至今；或某种状态从过去保持至今.Hehasworkedhardformanyyears他努力工作这个动作从过去一直持续要现在还可能在持续下去。presentpastIhavelivedherefortwoyears2yearsagonowIlivedhere.Inevermove.Istilllivehere.标志性副词和状语1.现在完成时中标志词的用法区别1.Already肯定句:句中(助后实前)/句末“己经”一般疑问句:句末(表示惊讶的语气)“难道”Eg.I’vealreadyhadbreakfast.(更常见)=I’vehadbreakfastalready.(表示强调)Haveyouhadbreakfastalready?He____already______ajob.(find)Keywordshasfoundalready注:有already的句子在时态上并不都是现在完成时,判断时要看该词后是否有动词的过去分词.Eg.She’salreadyeightyyearsold.Itwasalreadyverylate.2.yet在现在完成时中的用法否定句:句末“还(没)”疑问句:句末“己经”Eg.Ihaven’thadbreakfastyet.Haveyouhadbreakfastyet?A:______yourbrother_________anewwatch?(buy)B:Notyet.KeywordsHasboughtyet注:带already的肯定句变成否定句或疑问句时,将already要变成yet放在句末.Eg.Ihavealreadydonemyhomework.否定句:一般疑问句:Ihaven’tdonemyhomeworkyet.Haveyoudoneyourhomeworkyet? 3.ever在现在完成时中的用法肯定句/疑问句:句中“曾经”Eg.I’veeverbeentoBeijing.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?A:_______youever_______tothepark?(be)B:Yes,Iwenttherelastsummer.KeywordsHavebeeneversince:(自…以来)1)since+时间点He has stayed here since 5 o’clock.2)since+时间段+agoHe has stayed here since 5 hours ago.3)since+从句She has taught English since he came here.for:(长达）for+时间段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.since,for的用法:TakenotesTom___________inthefactorysinceheleftschooltenyearsago.(work)KeywordshasworkedsinceA:Howlong______you________inthisschool?(teach)B:For6years.KeywordshavetaughtforA.用already或yetHavetheytakendowntheoldpictures______?No,not___________.2)Mostofushavefinishedourcompositions____.3)Hehasn’tvisitedthemuseum________.B.用since或for1)Wehavelearnedfivelessons____thebeginningofthisterm.2)MrsLiaohasbeeninhospital______lastweek.3)Ihavestayedatmyaunt’s_____twoweeks.Ihavebeenhere______1999.Theyhavekeptthebooks____oneday.Ithasbeencold______twoweeksago.Wehavelearntalot______wecamehere.yetyetalreadyyetsincesinceforsinceforsincesince4.never在现在完成时中的用法否定句:句中“从来没有”Eg.I’veneverbeentoBeijing.I______never______ofanythinglikethat.(hear)Keywordshaveheardnever5.just在现在完成时中的用法用于句中,表示“刚刚”Eg.I’vejusthadbreakfast.Whathavetheyjustdone?I______just________thedesk,youcantakeittoyourclassroom.(mend)Keywordshavemendedjust6.before在现在完成时中的用法用于句末,表示“以前”Eg.I’veseenitbefore.Hassheriddenabikebefore?_______you_______theForbiddenCity(紫禁城)before?(visit)KeywordsHavevisitedbefore现在完成时态几个难点2.goneto/beento/beenin的辨析3.持续性动词与非持续性动词1.现在完成时与一般过去时的辨析现在完成时态几个难点1.现在完成时与一般过去时辨析knowhaveknownknewsawhavelosthavedidmoveliveddidhasfinishedseesaw一般过去时与现在完成的区别一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时强调过去的事情对现在的影响或结果。一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday，lastweek，…ago，in1980，inOctober，justnow等，皆为具体的时间状语。现在完成时的时间状语：for，since，sofar，ever，never，just，yet，till/until，uptonow，inpastyears，always等，皆不确定或模糊的时间状语。共同的时间状语：thismorning，tonight，thisApril，now，already，recently，lately等。3.现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live，teach，learn，work，study，know.。一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come，go，leave，start，die，finish，become，getmarried等现在完成时态几个难点2.goneto/beento/beenin的辨析曾经去过某地说话人已经回来常与ever,never,once,twice,连用在某地呆了多久与时间段连用用howlong提问去了某地说话时某人不在只用于第三人称Hersister_____________Australia.Sheleftthismorning.hasgoneto去过常与ever,never,once,twice,连用在…与时间段连用用howlong提问去了说话时某人不在只用于第三人称A:WhereisBob?B:He____________Japanwithhissister.hasgoneto去过常与ever,never,once,twice,连用在…与时间段连用用howlong提问去了说话时某人不在只用于第三人称A:Ihaven’tseenyouforalongtime.Where_____you_____?B:I_____________theUnitedStates.havebeentohavebeen去过常与ever,never,once,twice,连用在…与时间段连用用howlong提问去了说话时某人不在只用于第三人称A:Howlong____you_______China?B:I_________herefor3years.havebeenhavebeenin去过常与ever,never,once,twice,连用在…与时间段连用用howlong提问去了说话时某人不在只用于第三人称A:_____youever________thecity?B:No,never.Havebeento去过常与ever,never,once,twice,连用在…与时间段连用用howlong提问去了说话时某人不在只用于第三人称We____________Germanymanytimesinthepast3years.havebeento1.whereisJim?HeWuhan.2.MyparentstheGreatWalltwice.Theylikethereverymuch.youevertheHappyvalley?HowlongPetertheWestHillfarm?Mysistertheshop.Shewillbebackintwohours.SheShanghai.Sheisn’there.SheShanghai.Nowsheisback.SheShanghaifortwoyearshasgonetohavebeentoHavebeentohasbeeninhasgonetohasgonetohasbeentohasbeenin注意：have/hasbeentohave/hasgoneto.Theyhavebeenthere.后面如果接there，here时，to要去掉现在完成时态几个难点3.延续性动词与终止性动词注意，在现在完成时的句子中，点动词（终止性动词）一般不能与表示延续的时间状语连用。试比较：汤姆已经来了两小时了。(×)Tomhascomefortwohours.(√)Tomhasbeenherefortwohours.终止性动词可以和延续性动词进行转换。(1)转化为“be+形容词/副词等”。die→bedeadleave→beaway(from)open/close→beopen/closedstop→beoverarrivein(at)/reach/getto→bein/atjoin→beamemberof/beinstart/begin→beon(2)转化为意思相同的延续性动词。borrow→keepbuy→havebecome/come→begettoknow→know1.我的哥哥是1999年参的军。Mybrotherjoinedthearmyin1999.Hehasbeeninthearmyfor5years./Hehasbeenasoldiersince5yearsago.2.他参军已经5年了。Shehasboughtthecomputerfortwoyears.hadHowlonghaveyoucometotheUnitedStates？beeninAnnhasgonetoChinasincethreemonthsago.beeninIhavegottoParisforoneweek.beeninMybrotherhasjoinedthearmyforfiveyears.beeninbeenasoldierIhaveleftShanghaifor3days.beenawayfor3days.Ihaveborrowedthedictionarysince3daysago.keptThefilmhasbegunfor10minutes.beenonTheconcerthasfinishedforhalfanhour.beenoverHisdoghasdiedfortwoyears.beendead1.Ihaveborrowedthebookfor2weeks.()2.Thefilmhasbegunfor5minutes.()ABCABCBkeptBbeenon3.这辆自行车我买了两年了。I’ve_____thebike_____twoyears.4.HeleftNanjingtwoyearsago.He____________________Nanjingfortwoyears.5.Themonkeydiedlastmonth.Themonkey_______________foramonth.6.A:Honglong_____you____()B:Twoweeks.A.did,getillB.have,fallenillC.were,illD.have,beenillhadforhasbeenawayfromhasbeendeadD小结：综合运用一看时间状语。如果句中没有表示过去确切时间的状语，常用现在完成时；如果有，则只能用一般过去时。如：Ihavevisitedthefactory.Ivisitedthefactorylastyear.二看句首有无疑问词。如果笼统地问人家做过某事了吗（句首无疑问词），常用现在完成时；但进一步询问何时、何地、何原因、用什么方式做那事时（句首有疑问词）就要用一般过去时。如：三看句中谓语动词是否为延续性动词。如果表示的动作或状态一直延续到现在，最好选用延续性动词，并使用现在完成时；如果是瞬间动词，则用一般过去时。如：Hehasbeenaleaguememberfortwomonths.HejoinedtheYouthLeaguetwomonthsago.注意：这种用法是以连贯性问答为背景的。否则就需要具体情况具体。如：Howmanywordshaveyoulearnedbyheart?Howdidyoulearnthembyheart?－Haveyouhadyourbreakfast?－Yes,Ihave.－Whendidyouhaveit?－Atseventhirty.1.I__theway.I__hereforquitemanyyears.A.knew…havelivedB.knew…liveC.know…havelivedD.know…live2._____youever_____America?Yes,Ihave.A.Have…gonetoB.Have…goneinC.Have…beentoD.Have…beenin3.Mybrother____collegeforoverthreeyears.A.hasgonetoB.hasbeentoC.hasbeenatCCcA:____________________.B:Goodafternoon.What’s_____________?A:I__________acough.Icough___thetime.B:_________________temperature?A:Yes,itseems____beallright.B:___________________________?A:_______yesterdaymorning.B:____you_____anything___eatthismorning?A:No.Idon’tfeellike_______.B:There’snothingserious._____thismedicinethree____a____.You’llbebettersoon.A:Thankyou,doctor.Goodbye.B:Goodbye.Goodafternoon,doctorwrongwithyouhavehadallHaveyoutakenyourtoHowlonghaveyoubeenlikethisSinceHavehadtoeatingTaketimesday