China's Foreign Policy

中国的外交政策China’sForeignPolicy始终不渝走和平发展道路UnswervinglyFollowingthePathofPeacefulDevelopment当今世界正处在大变革大调整之中。和平与发展仍然是时代主题，求和平、谋发展、促合作已经成为不可阻挡的时代潮流。世界多极化不可逆转，经济全球化深入发展，科技革命加速推进，全球和区域合作方兴未艾，国与国相互依存日益紧密，国际力量对比朝着有利于维护世界和平方向发展，国际形势总体稳定。Theworldtodayisundergoingtremendouschangesandadjustments.Peaceanddevelopmentremainthemainthemesofthepresentera,andpursuitofpeace,developmentandcooperationhasbecomeanirresistibletrendofthetimes.Theprogresstowardamultipolarworldisirreversible,economicglobalizationisdevelopingindepth,andthescientificandtechnologicalrevolutionisgatheringmomentum.Globalandregionalcooperationisinfullswing,andcountriesareincreasinglyinterdependent.Theinternationalbalanceofpowerischanginginfavorofthemaintenanceofworldpeace,andtheoverallinternationalsituationisstable.同时，世界仍然很不安宁。霸权主义和强权政治依然存在，局部冲突和热点问题此起彼伏，全球经济失衡加剧，南北差距拉大，传统安全威胁和非传统安全威胁相互交织，世界和平与发展面临诸多难题和挑战。Atthesametime,theworldremainsfarfromtranquil.Hegemonismandpowerpoliticsstillexist,localconflictsandhotspotissueskeepemerging,imbalancesintheworldeconomyareworsening,theNorth-Southgapiswideningandtraditionalandnon-traditionalthreatstosecurityareintertwined.Allthisposesdifficultiesandchallengestoworldpeaceanddevelopment.共同分享发展机遇，共同应对各种挑战，推进人类和平与发展的崇高事业，事关各国人民的根本利益，也是各国人民的共同心愿。我们主张，各国人民携手努力，推动建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。为此，应该遵循联合国宪章宗旨和原则，恪守国际法和公认的国际关系准则，在国际关系中弘扬民主、和睦、协作、共赢精神。政治上相互尊重、平等协商，共同推进国际关系民主化；经济上相互合作、优势互补，共同推动经济全球化朝着均衡、普惠、共赢方向发展；文化上相互借鉴、求同存异，尊重世界多样性，共同促进人类文明繁荣进步；安全上相互信任、加强合作，坚持用和平方式而不是战争手段解决国际争端，共同维护世界和平稳定；环保上相互帮助、协力推进，共同呵护人类赖以生存的地球家园。Sharingopportunitiesfordevelopmentandrisingtochallengestogethersoastofurtherthenoblecauseofpeaceanddevelopmentofhumanitybearonthefundamentalinterestsofthepeopleofallcountriesandmeettheircommonaspirations.Wemaintainthatthepeopleofallcountriesshouldjoinhandsandstrivetobuildaharmoniousworldoflastingpeaceandcommonprosperity.Tothisend,allcountriesshouldupholdthepurposesandprinciplesof1theUnitedNationsCharter,observeinternationallawanduniversallyrecognizednormsofinternationalrelations,andpromotedemocracy,harmony,collaborationandwin-winsolutionsininternationalrelations.Politically,allcountriesshouldrespecteachotherandconductconsultationsonanequalfootinginacommonendeavortopromotedemocracyininternationalrelations.Economically,theyshouldcooperatewitheachother,drawoneachother'sstrengthsandworktogethertoadvanceeconomicglobalizationinthedirectionofbalanceddevelopment,sharedbenefitsandwin-winprogress.Culturally,theyshouldlearnfromeachotherinthespiritofseekingcommongroundwhileshelvingdifferences,respectthediversityoftheworld,andmakejointeffortstoadvancehumancivilization.Intheareaofsecurity,theyshouldtrusteachother,strengthencooperation,settleinternationaldisputesbypeacefulmeansratherthanbywar,andworktogethertosafeguardpeaceandstabilityintheworld.Onenvironmentalissues,theyshouldassistandcooperatewitheachotherinconservationeffortstotakegoodcareoftheEarth,theonlyhomeofhumanbeings.当代中国同世界的关系发生了历史性变化，中国的前途命运日益紧密地同世界的前途命运联系在一起。不管国际风云如何变幻，中国政府和人民都将高举和平、发展、合作旗帜，奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，维护国家主权、安全、发展利益，恪守维护世界和平、促进共同发展的外交政策宗旨。HistoricchangeshaveoccurredintherelationsbetweencontemporaryChinaandtherestoftheworld,resultinginevercloserinterconnectionbetweenChina'sfutureanddestinyandthoseoftheworld.Whateverchangestakeplaceintheinternationalsituation,theChinesegovernmentandpeoplewillalwaysholdhighthebannerofpeace,developmentandcooperation,pursueanindependentforeignpolicyofpeace,safeguardChina'sinterestsintermsofsovereignty,securityanddevelopment,andupholditsforeignpolicypurposesofmaintainingworldpeaceandpromotingcommondevelopment.中国将始终不渝走和平发展道路。这是中国政府和人民根据时代发展潮流和自身根本利益作出的战略抉择。中华民族是热爱和平的民族，中国始终是维护世界和平的坚定力量。我们坚持把中国人民的利益同各国人民的共同利益结合起来，秉持公道，伸张正义。我们坚持国家不分大小、强弱、贫富一律平等，尊重各国人民自主选择发展道路的权利，不干涉别国内部事务，不把自己的意志强加于人。中国致力于和平解决国际争端和热点问题，推动国际和地区安全合作，反对一切形式的恐怖主义。中国奉行防御性的国防政策，不搞军备竞赛，不对任何国家构成军事威胁。中国反对各种形式的霸权主义和强权政治，永远不称霸，永远不搞扩张。Chinawillunswervinglyfollowthepathofpeacefuldevelopment.ThisisastrategicchoicetheChinesegovernmentandpeoplehavemadeinlightofthedevelopmenttrendofthetimesandtheirownfundamentalinterests.TheChinesenationisapeace-lovingpeople,andChinaisalwaysastaunchforcesafeguardingworldpeace.WearecommittedtocombiningtheinterestsoftheChinesepeoplewiththecommoninterestsofthepeopleofothercountries,andalwaysstandforfairnessandjustice.Wemaintainthatallcountries,bigandsmall,strongandweak,richandpoor,areequal.Werespecttherightofthepeopleofallcountriestoindependentlychoosetheirowndevelopmentpath.Wewillneverinterfereintheinternalaffairsofothercountriesorimposeourownwillonthem.Chinaworksforpeacefulsettlementofinternationaldisputesandhotspotissues,promotesinternationalandregionalsecuritycooperation,andopposesterrorisminanyform.Chinafollowsanationaldefense2policythatisdefensiveinnature,anditdoesnotengageinarmsraceorposeamilitarythreattoanyothercountry.Chinaopposesallformsofhegemonismandpowerpoliticsandwillneverseekhegemonyorengageinexpansion.中国将始终不渝奉行互利共赢的开放战略。我们将继续以自己的发展促进地区和世界共同发展，扩大同各方利益的汇合点，在实现本国发展的同时兼顾对方特别是发展中国家的正当关切。我们将继续按照通行的国际经贸规则，扩大市场准入，依法保护合作者权益。我们支持国际社会帮助发展中国家增强自主发展能力、改善民生，缩小南北差距。我们支持完善国际贸易和金融体制，推进贸易和投资自由化便利化，通过磋商协作妥善处理经贸摩擦。中国决不做损人利己、以邻为壑的事情。Chinawillunswervinglyfollowawin-winstrategyofopeningup.Wewillcontinuetocontributetoregionalandglobaldevelopmentthroughourowndevelopment,andexpandtheareaswhereourinterestsmeetwiththoseofvarioussides.Whilesecuringourowndevelopment,wewillaccommodatethelegitimateconcernsofothercountries,especiallyotherdevelopingcountries.Wewillincreasemarketaccessinaccordancewithinternationallyrecognizedeconomicandtraderules,andprotecttherightsandinterestsofourpartnersinaccordancewiththelaw.Wesupportinternationaleffortstohelpdevelopingcountriesenhancetheircapacityforindependentdevelopmentandimprovethelivesoftheirpeople,soastonarrowtheNorth-Southgap.Wesupporteffortstoimproveinternationaltradeandfinancialsystems,advancetheliberalizationandfacilitationoftradeandinvestment,andproperlyresolveeconomicandtradefrictionsthroughconsultationandcollaboration.Chinawillneverseekbenefitsforitselfattheexpenseofothercountriesorshiftitstroublesontoothers.中国坚持在和平共处五项原则的基础上同所有国家发展友好合作。我们将继续同发达国家加强战略对话，增进互信，深化合作，妥善处理分歧，推动相互关系长期稳定健康发展。我们将继续贯彻与邻为善、以邻为伴的周边外交方针，加强同周边国家的睦邻友好和务实合作，积极开展区域合作，共同营造和平稳定、平等互信、合作共赢的地区环境。我们将继续加强同广大发展中国家的团结合作，深化传统友谊，扩大务实合作，提供力所能及的援助，维护发展中国家的正当要求和共同利益。我们将继续积极参与多边事务，承担相应国际义务，发挥建设性作用，推动国际秩序朝着更加公正合理的方向发展。我们将继续开展同各国政党和政治组织的交流合作，加强人大、政协、军队、地方、民间团体对外交往，增进中国人民和各国人民的相互了解和友谊。ChinaiscommittedtodevelopingfriendshipandcooperationwithallothercountriesonthebasisoftheFivePrinciplesofPeacefulCoexistence.Fordevelopedcountries,wewillcontinuetostrengthenstrategicdialogue,enhancemutualtrust,deepencooperationandproperlymanagedifferencestopromotelong-term,stableandsounddevelopmentofbilateralrelations.Forourneighboringcountries,wewillcontinuetofollowtheforeignpolicyoffriendshipandpartnership,strengthengood-neighborlyrelationsandpracticalcooperationwiththem,andenergeticallyengageinregionalcooperationinordertojointlycreateapeaceful,stableregionalenvironmentfeaturingequality,mutualtrustandwin-wincooperation.Forotherdevelopingcountries,wewillcontinuetoincreasesolidarityandcooperationwiththem,cementtraditionalfriendship,expandpracticalcooperation,provideassistancetothemwithinourability,andupholdthelegitimatedemandsandcommoninterestsofdevelopingcountries.Wewillcontinuetotakeanactivepartinmultilateralaffairs,3assumeourdueinternationalobligations,playaconstructiverole,andworktomaketheinternationalorderfairerandmoreequitable.Wewillalsocontinuetoconductexchangesandcooperationwiththepoliticalpartiesandorganizationsofothercountries,andstrengthentheexternalexchangesofpeople'scongresses,CPPCCcommittees,thearmedforces,localitiesandpeople'sorganizationstoenhancemutualunderstandingandfriendshipbetweentheChinesepeopleandthepeopleofothercountries.中国发展离不开世界，世界繁荣稳定也离不开中国。中国人民将继续同各国人民一道，为实现人类的美好理想而不懈努力。Chinacannotdevelopinisolationfromtherestoftheworld,norcantheworldenjoyprosperityandstabilitywithoutChina.TheChinesepeoplewillcontinuetoworktirelesslywiththepeopleofothercountriestobringaboutabetterfutureforhumanity.中国独立自主的和平外交政策China'sIndependentForeignPolicyofPeace中国坚定不移地奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，其基本目标是维护中国的独立、主权和领土完整，为中国的改革开放和现代化建设创造一个良好的国际环境。其宗旨是维护世界和平，促进共同发展。这一政策的主要内容包括：Chinaunswervinglypursuesanindependentforeignpolicyofpeace.ThefundamentalgoalofthispolicyistodefendChina'sindependence,statesovereigntyandterritorialintegrity,tocreateafavorableinternationalenvironmentforChina’sreformandopeningtotheoutsideworldandforthemodernizationdrive,andtomaintainworldpeaceandpromotecommondevelopment.Themaincontentsareasfollows:中国始终奉行独立自主的原则。对于一切国际事务，都从中国人民和世界人民的根本利益出发，根据事情本身的是非曲直，决定自己的立场和政策，不屈从于任何外来压力。中国不同任何大国或国家集团结盟，不搞军事集团，不参加军备竞赛，不进行军事扩张。Chinaconsistentlyadherestotheprincipleofindependenceandtakingitsowninitiative.Ininternationalaffairs,itwilldetermineitspositionandpolicybyconsideringthefundamentalinterestsofthepeopleofChinaandothercountriesandjudgingeachcaseonitsownmerit.Itwillneveryieldtoanybigpowerorgroupofcountries.Itwillneverformamilitarybloc,joininthearmsraceorseekmilitaryexpansion.中国反对霸权主义，维护世界和平。中国认为，世界上国家不分大小、强弱、贫富，都是国际社会的平等一员。各国应通过和平协商解决纠纷和争端，而不应诉诸武力或以武力相威胁，不能以任何借口干涉他国内政，更不能恃强凌弱，侵略、欺负和颠覆别的国家。中国从不把自己的社会和意识形态强加于人，也决不允许别国把他们的社会制度和意识形态强加于我们。Chinaopposeshegemonismandsafeguardsworldpeace.Itholdsthatallcountriesareequalmembersoftheinternationalcommunitywhethertheyarebigorsmall,strongorweak,richorpoor.Allcountriesshouldsettletheirdisputesandconflictsthroughpeacefulconsultations4insteadofresortingtoforceorthethreatofforce.Nocountryshouldinterfereintheinternalaffairsofanothercountryunderanypretext,stilllessbullytheweak,invadeorsubvertothercountries.Chinawillnotimposeitssocialsystemandideologyuponothers,norwillitallowothercountriestoforcetheirsuponit.中国积极推动建立公正合理的国际政治经济新秩序。冷战结束以后，世界政治经济形势经历了巨大而深刻的变化。建立一个体现时代进步、符合人类共同发展要求的国际新秩序，是国际社会和世界各国人民的普遍愿望。中国主张和平共处五项原则和其他公认的国际关系准则应该成为建立国际政治经济新秩序的基础。Chinaactivelypromotestheestablishmentofajustandrationalnewinternationalpoliticalandeconomicorder.AftertheendoftheColdWar,theworldpoliticalandeconomicsituationhasundergonegreatandprofoundchanges.Toestablishanewinternationalorderwhichconcurswiththedevelopmentofthetimesandwhichaccordswiththeneedsofthecommondevelopmentofmankindisanaspirationsharedbytheinternationalcommunityandthepeopleoftheworld.ChinaadvocatesthatsuchinternationalnewordershouldbebasedontheFivePrinciplesofPeacefulCoexistenceandotheruniversallyacknowledgednormsofinternationalrelations.中国尊重世界的多样性。现如今世界上有近200个国家，超过50亿人口（2000年数据）。由于各国历史条件、社会制度、发展程度、文化传统和价值观不尽相同，世界上不可能只存在一种发展模式、一种价值观或一种社会制度。中国认为，世界的多样性不应成为各国发展关系的障碍，而应该成为相互交流、补充、丰富的推动力。各国有权选择符合自身国情的社会制度、发展战略和生活方式。各国的事务要由各国人民自己作主，国际间事务应通过协商解决。Chinarespectsthediversityoftheworld.Therearenearly200countriesintheworldwithapopulationofmorethanfivebillion.Inviewofdifferencesinhistoricalconditions,socialsystems,developmentlevels,culturaltraditionsandvalues,thereshouldnotandcannotbeonlyonemodeofdevelopment,oneconceptofvaluesandonlyonetypeofsocialsystemintheworld.Chinaholdsthatthediversityoftheworldshouldnotbeanobstacletothedevelopmentofrelationsbetweenvariouscountriesbutshouldserveasanimpetusformutualexchanges,mutualcomplementandmutualenrichment.Allcountriesareentitledtochoosethesocialsystem,developmentstrategiesandlifestylethatsuittheirownconditions.Eachcountry’saffairsshouldbedecideduponbyitsownpeopleandglobalissuesshouldbedealtwiththroughconsultationbyallcountries.中国愿意在互相尊重主权和领土完整、互不侵犯、互不干涉内政、平等互利、和平共处五项原则的基础上，同所有国家建立和发展友好合作关系。ChinawouldliketoestablishanddeveloprelationsoffriendshipandcooperationwithallthecountriesonthebasisoftheFivePrinciplesofPeacefulCoexistence,namely,mutualrespectforterritorialintegrityandsovereignty,mutualnon-aggression,non-interferenceineachother’sinternalaffairs,equalityandmutualbenefit,andpeacefulcoexistence.积极发展同周边国家的睦邻友好关系，是中国外交政策的重要组成部分。中国已与所有周边国家建立或恢复正常的外交关系，同绝大多数邻国解决了历史遗留问题。5Toactivelydevelopgood-neighborlyrelationswiththesurroundingcountriesisanimportantcomponentofChina’sforeignpolicy.Chinahasestablishedorresumednormalrelationswithallthesurroundingcountriesandsettledthedisputesleftoverbyhistorywiththeoverwhelmingmajorityofitsneighboringcountries.加强同广大发展中国家的团结与合作是中国外交政策的基本立足点。中国与广大发展中国家有着共同的历史遭遇，又面临着维护国家独立、实现经济发展的共同目标，合作基础深厚，前景广阔。TostrengthenoursolidarityandcooperationwiththedevelopingcountriesisthebasicstandpointofChina'sforeignpolicy.Chinasharescommonhistoricalexperienceswiththedevelopingcountriesandisconfrontedwiththesamegoalofsafeguardingnationalindependenceanddevelopingtheeconomy.Sothebasisforcooperationissolidandtheprospectisbright.中国重视改善和发展同发达国家的关系，主张国与国之间应超越社会制度和意识形态的差异，相互尊重，求同存异，扩大互利合作。对彼此之间的分歧，应在平等与相互尊重的基础上坚持进行对话，不搞对抗，妥善加以解决。Chinaattachesgreatimportancetoimprovinganddevelopingrelationswiththedevelopedcountries.Itstandsfortranscendingdifferencesinsocialsystemsandideologyinhandlingstate-to-staterelations,mutualrespect,seekingcommongroundwhileputtingasidedifferencesandexpandingmutuallybeneficialcooperation.Asregardsthedivergencesbetweenstates,theyshouldbesettledproperlyonthebasisofequalityandmutualrespectthroughdialogueratherthanconfrontation.中国实行全方位的对外开放政策，愿在平等互利原则的基础上，同世界各国和地区广泛开展贸易往来、经济技术合作和科学文化交流，促进共同繁荣。Chinacarriesoutanall-dimensionalopening-uppolicy.Itiswillingtoconducttrade,economicandtechnicalcooperation,scientificandculturalexchangeswithallcountriesoftheworldonthebasisofequalityandmutualbenefittopromotecommonprosperity.世界经济是一个相互联系、相互依存的整体。经济全球化给各国经济发展带来了机遇，也带来了巨大的风险。维护金融稳定、防范金融危机、确保经济安全是各国政府面临的共同挑战。Theworldeconomyisanintegratedentitymutuallyrelatedandinterdependent.Economicglobalizationpresentsopportunitiesforeconomicdevelopmentofallcountriesandtremendousriskaswell.Tomaintainfinancialstability,totakeprecautionsagainstfinancialcrisisandtoensureeconomicsecurityareidenticalchallengesfacingallgovernments.中国积极参与多边外交活动，是维护世界和平和地区稳定的坚定力量。Chinatakesanactivepartinmultilateraldiplomaticactivities.ItisastaunchForcesafeguardingworldpeaceandstability.6在军控和裁军方面，中国一贯主张全面禁止和彻底销毁核武器。早在20世纪60年代，中国就承诺不首先使用核武器，不对无核国家或无核区使用或威胁使用核武器。中国已经签署《全面禁止核试验条约》和《禁止化学武器公约》。Regardingarmscontrolanddisarmament,Chinahasalwaysstoodforthecompleteprohibitionandthoroughdestructionofnuclearweapons.Asearlyasthe1960s,Chinaundertooknottobethefirsttousenuclearweapons,nottouseorthreatentousenuclearweaponsagainstnon-nuclearweaponsstatesornuclear-weapon-freezones.ChinahassignedtheComprehensiveTestBanTreatyandtheConventionontheProhibitionofChemicalWeapons.中国政府一向重视人权并为此做出了不懈的努力。中国已加入了17项人权公约（2001年数据，现为25个）。TheChinesegovernmenthasallalongattachedimportancetohumanrightsandhasmadeunremittingeffortstothisend.Chinahasaccededto17internationalhumanrightsconventions.中国愿与国际社会一道，加强合作，共同应对人类发展面临的环境恶化、资源匮乏、贫困失业、人口膨胀、疾病流行、毒品泛滥、国际犯罪活动猖獗等全球性问题。Togetherwiththeinternationalcommunity,Chinastandsreadytostrengthencooperationintacklingglobalissuesconfrontinghumandevelopmentsuchasenvironmentdeterioration,depletionofnaturalresources,povertyandunemployment,populationgrowth,spreadofdiseases,drugabusesandrampancyofinternationalcrimes.7