渡沙渚 Crossing the Bar(Alfred Tennyson)

渡沙渚CrossingtheBar(AlfredTennyson)CrossingtheBarALFREDLORDTENNYSONSunsetandeveningstar，Andoneclearcallforme!Andmaytherebenomoaningofthebar,WhenIputouttosea,Butsuchatideasmovingseemsasleep,Toofullforsoundandfoam,WhenthatwhichdrewfromouttheboundlessdeepTurnsagainhome.Twilightandeveningbell,Andafterthatthedark!Andmaytherebenosadnessoffarewell,WhenIembark;ForthoughfromoutourbourneofTimeandPlaceThefloodmaybearmefar,IhopetoseemyPilotfacetofaceWhenIhavecrossedthebar.渡沙渚阿尔费雷德•丁尼生夕阳下，闪疏星，召唤一声清朗～愿沙渚宁静，我将出海远航;潮汐如梦幻，涛声似止，浪花息;大海深处涌来，又悄然退却。暮霭钟鸣，黑夜将笼罩～愿诀别无悲声，登舟起锚;千古洪流，时空无限，滔滔载我至远方;渡沙渚一线，泰然见领航。译文二:越过海滩太阳沉没，晚星闪烁，一个清晰的呼声在召唤我～愿海滩不要哀泣呜咽，当我出海的时刻。浑然流动的潮水似已睡去，潮太满了(反而无声无息，从无边的海洋里汲取的，如今又复归去。暮色茫茫，晚钟轻轻(接着是黑暗降临～但愿不要有诀别的悲痛当我启航的时辰;虽然潮水会把我带到无限遥远，越出我们的时间、空间，我希望见到领航人，面对着面，当我越过了海滩。(飞白译)SummaryThespeakerheraldsthesettingofthesunandtheriseoftheeveningstar,andhearsthatheisbeingcalled.Hehopesthattheoceanwillnotmakethemournfulsoundofwavesbeatingagainstasandbarwhenhesetsouttosea.Rather,hewishesforatidethatissofullthatitcannotcontainsoundorfoamandthereforeseemsasleepwhenallthathasbeencarriedfromtheboundlessdepthsoftheoceanreturnsbackouttothedepths.Thespeakerannouncesthecloseofthedayandtheeveningbell,whichwillbefollowedbydarkness.Hehopesthatnoonewillcrywhenhedeparts,becausealthoughhemaybecarriedbeyondthelimitsoftimeandspaceasweknowthem,heretainsthehopethathewilllookuponthefaceofhis"Pilot"whenhehascrossedthesandbar.FormThispoemconsistsoffourquatrainstanzasrhymingABAB.Thefirstandthirdlinesofeachstanzaarealwaysacoupleofbeatslongerthanthesecondandfourthlines,althoughthelinelengthsvaryamongthestanzas.CommentaryTennysonwrote"CrossingtheBar"in1889,threeyearsbeforehedied.Thepoemdescribeshisplacidandacceptingattitudetowarddeath.Althoughhefollowedthisworkwithsubsequentpoems,herequestedthat"CrossingtheBar"appearasthefinalpoeminallcollectionsofhiswork.Tennysonusesthemetaphorofasandbartodescribethebarrierbetweenlifeanddeath.Asandbarisaridgeofsandbuiltupbycurrentsalongashore.Inordertoreachtheshore,thewavesmustcrashagainstthesandbar,creatingasoundthatTennysondescribesasthe"moaningofthebar."ThebarisoneofseveralimagesofliminalityinTennyson'spoetry:in"Ulysses,"theherodesires"tosailbeyondthesunset";in"Tithonus",themaincharacterfindshimselfatthe"quietlimitoftheworld,"andregretsthathehasaskedto"passbeyondthegoalofordinance."Theotherimportantimageinthepoemisoneof"crossing,"suggestingChristianconnotations:"crossing"refersbothto"crossingover"intothenextworld,andtotheactof"crossing"oneselfintheclassicCatholicgestureofreligiousfaithanddevotion.ThereligioussignificanceofcrossingwasclearlyfamiliartoTennyson,forinanearlierpoemofhis,theknightsandlordsofCamelot"crossedthemselvesforfear"whentheysawtheLadyofShalottlyingdeadinherboat.ThecrosswasalsowhereJesusdied;nowasTennysonhimselfdies,heevokestheimageagain.So,too,doeshehopetocomplementthismetaphoricallinkwithaspiritualone:hehopesthathewill"see[his]Pilotfacetoface."TheABABrhymeschemeofthepoemechoesthestanzas'thematicpatterning:thefirstandthirdstanzasarelinkedtooneanotherasarethesecondandfourth.Boththefirstandthirdstanzasbeginwithtwosymbolsoftheonsetofnight:"sunsetandeveningstar"and"twilightandeveningbell."Thesecondlineofeachofthesestanzasbeginswith"and,"conjoininganotheritemthatdoesnotfittogetherasstraightforwardlyasthefirsttwo:"oneclearcallforme"and"afterthatthedark!"Eachoftheselinesisfollowedbyanexclamationpoint,asthepoetexpressesalarmatrealizingwhatdeathwillentail.Thesestanzasthenconcludewithawishthatisstatedmetaphoricallyinthefirststanza:"maytherebenomoaningofthebar/WhenIputouttosea";andmoreliterallyinthethirdstanza:"Andmaytherebenosadnessoffarewell/WhenIembark."Yetthewishisthesameinbothstanzas:thepoetdoesnotwanthisrelativesandfriendstocryforhimafterhedies.Neitherofthesestanzasconcludeswithaperiod,suggestingthateachisintimatelylinkedtotheonethatfollows.Thesecondandfourthstanzasarelinkedbecausetheybothbeginwithaqualifier:"but"inthesecondstanza,and"forthough"inthefourth.Inaddition,thesecondlinesofbothstanzasconnoteexcess,whetheritbeatide"toofullforsoundandfoam"orthe"far"distancethatthepoetwillbetransportedindeath.