2015-2016学年年辽宁省沈阳东北育才校高二下学期第一阶段考英语（解析版）

2015-2016学年年辽宁省沈阳东北育才校高二下学期第一阶段考（解析版） 2015-2016学年年辽宁省沈阳东北育才校高二下学期第一阶段考 英语 阅读下面短文，从短文后各所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的 最佳选项。 In the early 1980s,I interviewed a young man who began to quote(引用) information that agreed with the company he was applying to. He quoted the ______ income figures, the number of employees, and other related information. Needless to say, I was ______,so he got the job. Comparing him with the other candidates, I found his ______ of the company was overall and colorful. My impression was that he had ______ much time researching the company. None of his ______ had done so. Months later, I asked him where he’d done his research to ______ so much about our company. He smiled and said,“ Remember our meeting was ______ at 2 p.m. but that day you were running 15 minutes behind?”I nodded.“Well, ______ I sat in the reception area waiting for ______ among the magazines on the coffee table was a year-end report. It ______ you, I the company’s complete history. Fifteen minutes gave me plenty of time to ‘research’ the company.”This story is very ______ although what he did is simple. He only learned more than others in a short time. As a result, he ______ twenty other candidates. ______,“Little Things” can make “Big Difference”. We need only look at the Olympic athletes. Sometimes the runner who crosses the finish line 1/100th of a second ______ than the next wins Gold. A gold medal can ______ the difference of millions of dollars. One might ask: Is this gold medal ______ ten times faster or better than the second runner? No, he is ______ 1/100th of a second faster. It ______ much training and practice to become a gold medal winner. How ______ it is to pass all the other athletes!So if we want to be successful, we have to ______ more and practice more. 1(A. present B. next C. future D. previous 2(A. puzzled B. bored C. impressed D. disappointed 3(A. understanding B. business C. progress D. instruction 4(A. saved B. killed C. wasted D. spent 5(A. competitors B. friends C. partners D. opposers 6(A. do B. find C. add D. use 7(A. left B. prepared C. scheduled D. made 8(A. since B. though C. if D. as 9(A. imagined B. noticed C. reached D. invented 10(A. contained B. explained C. explored D. published 11(A. wrong B. meaningful C. funny D. strange 12(A. admired B. ignored C. beat D. attacked 13(A. Eventually B. Generally C. Gradually D. Actually 14(A. more casually B. more bravely C. faster D. stronger 15(A. catch B. bring C. offer D. care 16(A. winner B. dreamer C. follower D. helper 17(A. yet B. ever C. just D. even 18(A. exists B. appears C. shares D. takes 19(A. simple B. difficult C. interesting D. famous 20(A. learn B. give C. think D. insist 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。 A •AmericanMalinois(玛伦牧羊犬) We have extra large,strong and healthy puppies born on May 29,2014 and raised on 2.5 acres fenced in Williston Highlands by American Malinois Foundation. They are not caged or home-raised Malinois.They have taken swimming training and full exercise routine with their parents to make sure they know how to guard themselves and other things this breed can do.I work specifically on the ones which have service dog qualities. My ideal buyer would be a disabled person in need of a mobile or medical alert service dog.The American Malinois is a working dog and is most content to bond with one person and only follow this person’ s orders.Potential owners should be familiar or experienced with this breed. My fee represents the cost of feeding,grooming,boarding,training,medical and registration with the CKC(Continental Kennel Club).Puppies will have health certificates from vets. To see videos of the puppies and their parents, go to YouTube and search: American Malinois Foundation. •MiniSchnauzers(雪纳瑞犬) We have 4 males and 4 females.Our puppies come with a health guarantee.They are trained and all of them have great personalities and would be a great addition to any home.These puppies are for pets only.To keep our bloodlines pure, we do not allow our puppies to be bred. We have been breeding for over 13 years and we only breed Mini Schnauzers. They are the best dogs. They are very smart. We will not ship our puppies. We have had people drive over 1500 miles to purchase our babies. 21(.From Paragraph 3,we can infer that the American Malinois is . A.lonely B.active C.experienced D.loyal 22(Which of the following can be used to describe Mini Schnauzers? A.Socialized and cute. B.Clever and brave. C.Healthy and clever. D.Professional and strong. 23(What is the author’ s purpose in writing this passage? A.To show two kinds of dogs he loves. B.To advertise two kinds of dogs on sale. C.To show that dogs are our best friends. D.To prove that dogs are well-trained. 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。 New research shows that kids from low-income families may be falling behind their peers because an important part of their brains is underdeveloped. Researchers from MIT’ s McGovern Institute for Brain Research compared the brains and 13-year-olds from rich families with the brains of their peers from of 12- lower-income families. They found that one particular area of the brain—the neocortex(新皮质),which plays a key role in memory and learning ability—is thinner in children from lower-income households. This is a crucial part of the brain for young students, who are often tested based on their ability to recall large chunks of information. Children who had a thinner neocortex performed poorly on standardized tests,researchers found.More than 90% of high-income students scored above average on a statewide math and English/Language Arts standardized test,compared with less than 60% of low-income students.Differences in cortical(脑皮层) thickness could account for almost half of the income-achievement gap in this sample,researchers wrote. “Just as you would expect, there’ s a real cost not living in a supportive environment. We can see it not only in test scores,in educational attainment,but within the brains of these children,”says psychological scientist John Gabrieli,a professor of brain and cognitive sciences at MIT and one of the study’s authors. Since a 2011 study published by Stanford University professor Sean Reardon found that the gap between standardized test scores of high-income and low-income students 40% since the 1960s,there’ s been a lot of research aimed at has grown by about finding links between income and achievement, rather than race alone. The MIT study found low-income children were equally likely to have a thinner neocortex,no matter their races. Gabrieli and his co-authors can’ t say exactly why poor children’ s brains develop differently because there are too many possibilities to count.Their findings do,however,underline the importance of early intervention(干预) to ensure that low-income kids get the tools they need to succeed. 24(What’ s the function of the first paragraph? A. To list some findings. B. To give some advice. C. To do some comparisons. D. To show the main idea of the text. 25(What does the underlined word “crucial” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Special. B. Important. C. Separate. D. Unknown. 26(What John Gabrieli says in Paragraph 4 mainly shows the importance of . A. cognitive ability B. educational attainment C. having developed brains D. living in supportive surroundings 27(What is the main idea of the passage? A.Wealthy parents do better in raising children. B.Differences exist between poor children and rich ones. C.Poor children study harder due to their financial conditions. D.Poor children have thinner neocortex than their wealthy peers. 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。 We all use money every day. It is essential because we can pay money for whatever we want.Money is recognized as banknotes and coins. However,many years ago people couldn’ t go to the shop and buy what they wanted.They had to get what they wanted through the barter trade(实物交易).It was really difficult,for the barter often depended on coincidence of wants.For example,the seller of grain has to find a buyer who wants to buy grain and who also could offer something the seller wants to buy.And one more example,if a wheat farmer needs what a fruit farmer produces,a direct exchange is impossible because seasonal fruit would spoil before the grain harvest.The solution is to trade fruit for wheat indirectly through a third intermediate commodity(中间的商品),such as cattle,salt,shells,wine.However,commodity money had their disadvantages.For example,cattle,fur,precious stones couldn’ t be cut into smaller pieces and it was inconvenient to keep and transport them.Thus coins were invented. The earliest known coins in the western world came from Lydia in about 650 B.C.Greek cities,the Great Persian Empire and Roman Empire quickly adopted the new useful technique of metal currency.And by the end of the 6th century,coinages were common throughout the region.However,coins as well as commodity money had many disadvantages.For instance,coins quickly show wear(磨损) and they usually have small value,so it’ s difficult to count large sums of coins. At first,paper money was used in China in about 650 A.D.After then,it was used in Persia and Japan.In Europe,paper money was firstly produced in the Netherlands in the 16th century and in the USA in the 17th century.Paper money is worthless but symbolic.In other words,paper money is just a note.It has a purchasing power because the government announces it as money and citizens accept it universally. 28(The writer explains the difficulty of barter trade by_______. A. telling stories B. using examples C. presenting a theory D. making a comparison 29(What do we know about the early coins? A. They usually had large value. B. They were first used in Greece. C. They still had many disadvantages. D. People didn’ t like the metal currency. 30(Paper money was used earlier in_______. A. Rome B. Greece C. the USA D. the Netherlands 31(What is the passage mainly about? A. Function of money. B. History of money. C. Invention of money. D. Types of money. 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。 When you’re a parent to a young child, you spend a lot of time talking about feelings: about having to share, about being disappointed because you may not have a cookie instead of broccoli(绿花椰菜), about the great injustice of a parent pressing the elevator button before the child has a chance to. And in a parenting culture that’s increasingly concerned with centering children’ s needs above all else, mothers and fathers have become skillful at talking about their kids’ feelings while masking their own. But new research suggests that parents who hide their negative emotions are doing their children, and themselves harm. A study published this month says that when parents put on a faux-happy (假开心)face for their kids, they do damage to their own sense of wellbeing and authenticity. “For the average parent the findings suggest when they attempt to hide their negative emotion expression and over express their positive emotions with their children, it actually comes at a cost: doing so may lead parents to feel worse themselves,” researcher Dr Emily Impett, says. It makes sense that parents often fall back on amping up (扩大) the positivity for the sake of their children—there are a lot of things in the world we want to protect our kids from. But children are often smarter than we expect and are quite in tune with what the people closest to them—their parents—are feeling. There was a time about a year or so ago, for example, when I received some bad news over the phone; I was home with my four-year-old and so I did my best to put on a brave face. She knew immediately something was wrong though, and was confused. When I finally let a few tears out and explained that Mom heard something sad about a friend, she was, of course, just fine. My daughter patted my shoulder, gave me a hug, and went back to playing. She felt better that she was able to help me, and the moment made a lot more sense to her emotionally than a smiling mom holding back sobs. I was glad that I could feel sad momentarily and not have to work hard to hide that. Relaying positive feelings to your children when you don’t feel them is a move the researchers called high cost—that it may seem like the most beneficial to your child at the time but that parents should find other ways of communicating emotions that “allow them to feel true to themselves”. But this is also about children seeing the world in a more honest way. While we will want to protect our children from things that aren’t age-appropriate or harmful, it’s better to raise a generation of kids who understand that moms and dads are people too. 32( What is the typical behavior of parents when they bring up their children? A. Allowing their children chances to do things themselves. B. Expressing their dissatisfaction with their children. C. Hiding their true emotions from their children. D. Sharing their favorite food with their children. 33(If parents put on a faux-happy face, _______. A. their children will be protected B. their children will be taken in C. they will feel happy as a result D. they will undergo worse feelings 34( The author mentioned the example of her daughter to illustrate ______. A. children are not so clever as parents think B. children can often understand parents’ true feelings C. it’s meaningful for parents to always look positive D. it’s necessary to expose children to harmful things 35(We can conclude from the passage that _______. A. protecting children from age-inappropriate things is important B. it makes sense for children to know their parents’ negative feelings C. children will admire their parents more because of being protected D. separation from negative feelings helps children see the world honestly 36(假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共 有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。 Dear Jerry, I'm sorry for having no time to pay visit to Hangzhou with you next week. The reason why I can't spare time is because there are many friend of mine who are facing a coming English exam. There has no doubt that it is important for them. They are looking forward on to my giving a hand to them and they hope to get through the exam successful. As a result, I will spend time help them at that time. In addition, I will attend a party which aim to raise money for the people in the earthquake-hit areA. But l want to put off their time of the visit to the first weekend of next month. Is it OK, Best wishes! Yours Li Hua 根据短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 (E=AB F=AC G=AD) Tricks to Learn from Super Sleepers Do you want to sleep soundly each night and wake up energized the next day? Here’ s a peek at some smart,surprising habits of great sleepers. Exercise early. Morning fitness class or gym time before work?Go ahead,give it a try.37(While experts aren’t exactly sure why,it could have something to do with morning exercise’s ability to help regulate the secretion(分泌物) of certain hormones involved in blood pressure management, which may lead to better sleep. Eat light at night. Desiring a midnight snack? If your stomach starts rumbling(发出咕噜声) before bed, try reaching for good-for-you foods that actually promote sleep, like walnuts, tart cherries, or Greek yogurt instead. 38(Eating too much of anything within a few hours of going to bed could suppress(抑制) your body’s ability to produce sleep-promoting melatonin. Power down at night. Smart phones, tablets, and laptops let you do everything from shopping to watching movies to working in bed.What they don’t let you do?Fall asleep. 39(In addition to reducing your blue light exposure,you’ll probably feel less stressed,which in itself can help you sleep better. Keep their rooms chilly. 40(But being too warm can make it harder to have quality sleep, say experts at the National Sleep Foundation. Instead, they recommend keeping your bedroom at around 20?,which research suggests is the most suitable temperature for great sleep. 41(. Consistency is key to healthy sleep.Though it’s tempting to stay up late,then get up early for work and sleep in on the weekend,doing so can cause damage to your body’ s internal clock.Over time,that can make it harder to fall asleep,not to mention to wake up in the morning. making it more unpleasant A.The idea of a comfortable bedroom and piles of soft, fuzzy blankets is very appealing. B.Find ways to cope with stress. C.Go to bed at the same time every night. D.Still,try not to go overboard even with healthy stuff. E.You don’t have to give up alcohol altogether in the name of better sleep. F.Working out in the morning could lead to better sleep than afternoon or evening sweat sessions. G.Put your devices away at night—ideally,two to three hours before you plan to go to sleep. 阅读下面，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Are you about to go to college?Or maybe you and your family have just moved and you are starting a new school?Lots of situations arise where you42((force) to make new friends, 43(is a great thing! 44(,it’s important to stay in touch with your old friends as well! While moving to a new town or starting a new school can be upsetting,you can 45((success) handle it by making new friends!But it’s much 46( (hard) to keep 47( touch with your old ones!An extra phone call or text message to say you are thinking of them will really make a 48( (different)! Making a special effort to visit your old friends is important.Whether you are close enough to visit each other once a month or only once a year,it’s important to make those visits count! 49( (plan) a yearly reunion around the holidays is always a good idea!It gives you something to look forward to,making your time apart seem shorter! So when you are having fun with your new friends,don’t forget about the old ones.You 50((have) great time with them too,and don’t forget 51((remind) them about those great memories once in a while! 52(英国某教育机构寒假期间在伦敦举办国际高中生交流活动(international high school students’ exchange project),现征集参加人员。假定你是高中生李华,对此很感兴趣,请根据以下写作要点用英语给活动的负责人写一封申请信。 要点如下: 1.表示对该活动的兴趣; 2.简要介绍你具备的能力。 注意:1.词数100左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 参考答案 1(D 2(C 3(A 4(D 5(A 6(B 7(C 8(D 9(B 10(A 11(B 12(C 13(D 14(C 15(B 16(A 17(C 18(D 19(B 20(A 【解析】 试题:本文介绍了一位求职者利用15分钟的时间浏览了公司信息，并在面试中引用了部分信息。以此告诉我们生活中一些微不足道的细节会给我们带来巨大的影响。 1(D 考查上下文串联。形容词present现在的;next下一个的;future未来的;previous 之前的;根据50空It 50 the company’s complete history.可知这本杂志中包含了这个公司的历史资料，所以这位求职者引用的是之前的收入、员工数量以及其他一些相关的数据。故D正确。 2(C 考查上下文串联。形容词puzzled困惑的;bored乏味的;impressed印象深刻的;disappointed失望的;一名应聘者能够说出如此多的数据给我留下深刻的印象。故C正确。 3(A 考查名词辨析。名词understanding理解;business生意;progress进步;instruction使用说明;与其他的应聘者相比较，我发现他对公司的理解最深刻，所以我们聘用了他。之前的那些数据说明他对公司有了深刻的理解。故A正确。 4(D 考查固定句式。动词save节省;kill杀死;waste浪费;spend花费;句式spend some time in doing sth花费时间做某事;他给我的印象就是他花了很多时间来研究公司情况。故D正确。 5(A 考查名词辨析。名词competitor竞争者;friend朋友;partner同伴;opposer对手;这些应聘者都只是竞争者，不会是对手。在他的竞争者中，没有一个人这样做。故A正确。 6(B 考查动词辨析。动词do做;find发现;add增加;use使用;几个月后，我就问他如何发现这么多关于我们公司的信息的。故B正确。 7(C 考查动词辨析。动词leave离开;prepare准备;schedule安排;make生产，制作;原来的面试被安排在下午两点，但是我们晚了十分钟。所以他就利用这十分钟的时间看到了有我们公司历史的杂志，获得了有关的信息。故C正确。 8(D 考查连词辨析。连词since自从，既然;though尽管，然而;if如果;as随者，当...时;当我们坐在接待室等你们的时候，我注意到有一本杂志上有很多公司的信息。根据句意可知使用as引导时间状语从句。故D正确。 9(B 考查动词辨析。动词imagine想象;notice注意到;reach到达;invent发明;我注意到在咖啡桌上有一本杂志，这本杂志是公司的年度报告，里面含有很多的信息。故B正确。 10(A 考查动词辨析。动词contain包含;explain解释;explore探索;publish出版，发行;在这本杂志里，包含了公司的完整的历史情况介绍。他就利用了这15分钟了解了公司的历史并在面试中获胜。故A正确。 11(B 考查形容词辨析。形容词wrong错误的;meaningful有意义的;funny滑稽的;strange奇怪的;尽管很简单，但他的故事很有意义。有时候微不足道的小事情也能够产生很大的影响。故B正确。 12(C 考查动词辨析。动词admit承认;ignore忽视;beat打败;attack攻击;他在15分钟的时间里研究了这些信息，并打败了其他20为竞争者，获得了这份工作。主要原因就是他看到的这些信息。故C正确。 13(D 考查副词辨析。副词eventually最后，终于;generally一般地;gradually逐渐地;actually实际上;实际上小事情也会产生大影响。上文所列举的事例正是说明微不足道的小事情也会对人生产生巨大影响。含有转折关系，故D正确。 14(C 考查生活常识。副词casually随意地;bravely勇敢地;faster更快地;stronger更强壮;本段列举跑步运动员冲过终点，比别人快了百分之一秒。使用使用副词faster更快。故C正确。 15(B 考查动词辨析。动词catch抓住，理解;bring带来;offer提供;care关心;获得金牌的运动员可以很大的紧急利益，所以本句意为:金牌可以带来千百万的美元的影响。ACD三项与上下文语境不搭配。故B正确。 16(A 考查上下文串联。根据54空Sometimes the runner who crosses the finish line 1/100th of a second 54 than the next wins Gold.可知本句是指那些比其他人快了百分之一秒的胜利者。故A正确。 17(C 考查副词辨析。副词yet然而;ever曾经;just只是，仅仅;even甚至;是不是胜利者就比别人更优秀,不是，他们只是比别人快了百分之一秒而已。使用just表示程度。故C项正确。 18(D 考查固定句式。动词exist存在;appear出现;share分享;take花费;句式:It takes sb sth to do sth做某事花掉某人....;要想成为一名金牌选手需要训练和实践3练习。与ABC三项动词语义不搭配。故D项正确。 考查形容词辨析。形容词simple简单的;difficult困难的;interesting有趣的;19(B famous著名的;要想超过所有其他人是多么的困难啊～本句是一个感叹句，告诉我们展示其他人很困难。故B正确。 20(A 考查动词辨析。动词learn学习，学会;give给与;think思考;insist坚持;如果我们想要成功，我们就要学习更多，就要练习更多。 【名师点睛】 完形填空具体解题技巧: 【技巧一】利用逻辑关系语，定位相关选项 逻辑关系语指表示各种逻辑意义的连句手段，主要有: (1)词(包括连词、副词和少数介词)，如 and, but, or, because, though, however, yet, therefore, otherwise, despite等; 如【小题8】as随者，当...时;当我们坐在接待室等你们的时候，我注意到有一本杂志上有很多公司的信息。根据句意可知使用as引导时间状语从句。 (2)短语，如 words, or rather, in addition, as a result, so that, on the contrary, in other instead of等; (3)分句和独立结构，如that is to say, what is more, all things considered等。逻辑关系语对准确理解语篇意义能够起到很强的提示作用。完形填空中很多题目都围绕它们而设。考生在解题时要充分利用这些逻辑关系语，找到与文中某些词、短语有密切关系的选项，如其同义词、近义词或反义词等，有时这些词、短语甚至复现在文中。 【技巧二】通晓上下文意，注意习惯搭配 词汇的习惯用法或固定搭配，特别是动词、名词、形容词、介词等的搭配在完形填空题中出现的比例很大。如果考生在备考时对常用的习惯用法或固定搭配能牢固地掌握，并在解题时灵活运用，就能达到事半功倍的效果。 【技巧三】明确文章语境，搞清词语差异 高考完形填空选项的设置一般均属于同一词类，有的甚至在意义上也非常接近。为了顺利解答此类问题，考生在平时记忆单词时，要在例句中把握其用法并能在考试中结合语境，比较四个选项的细微差别，推敲什么是最佳答案。 【技巧四】探究前后逻辑，确定连接词汇 连接词是构成语篇的纽带，也是相关语句信息的结合点。命题人常在这些“关节”上设置题目，考查学生的语用能力。因此，考生在解题时，要仔细分析，推理前后的逻辑关系，确定最佳选项。 考点:考查夹叙夹议类阅读 21(D 22(C 23(B 【解析】 试题分析:本文是一篇广告性质的短文，主要宣传两种待售AmericanMalinois(玛伦牧羊犬)和MiniSchnauzers(雪纳瑞犬)的具体信息 21(D 推理判断题。根据第三部分第二句The American Malinois is a working dog and is most content to bond with one person and only follow this person’ s orders.可知玛伦牧羊犬和主人之间的关系很稳固，并且只服从这个人的命令。这说明玛伦牧羊犬对主人非常忠诚。故D正确。 22(C 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句Our puppies come with a health guarantee.和倒数第三句They are very smart.说明雪纳瑞犬非常聪明而且很健康。故C正确。 23(B 目的意图题。本文是一篇广告性质的短文，主要宣传两种待售AmericanMalinois(玛伦牧羊犬)和MiniSchnauzers(雪纳瑞犬)的具体信息，目的是为这两种狗做广告，希望别人能够购买这些狗儿。故B正确。 【名师点睛】 本文【小题3】属于广告类短文的目的意图题，广告类短文的目的在于宣传出售商品。 作者的写作目的或态度题常见的命题形式: (1)What’s the main (central )point/idea/ subject/thought of the (second paragraph)passa ge? (2)This passage is mainly about/ mainly concerns__________. (3)What does the passage/author mainly discuss? of(4)Which the following is the best title for the passage? purpose of writing this passage is___________. (5)The author’s 既然全文的写作目的与文章的主旨密切相关，那么段落的写作目的也与段落的大意密切相关，只有反映了段落大意的答案才是段落的写作目的。 态度，即作者态度(attitude)或语气(tone)题，关键在于把握作者对全文主体事物(与主题有关)或某一具全事物的态度。表达作者态度——褒义、中性和贬义的手段主要有1)加入形容词定语;2)加入副词状语;3)特殊动词。英语中有些动词也表明说话者的正负态度，如:fail(未能)、ignore(忽视)、overestimate(估计过高)等动词表示一种负态度。由上可知，确定作者态度，可以有两种思路:问全文主体事物的(包括主题)，可以根据阐述主题或有关主体事物的相关句中的形容词、副词或动词确定作者的态度;如果问的是对某一具体事物的态度，则可以定位到具体相关句，然后确定答案。 考点:考查广告类阅读 24(D 25(B 26(D 27(D 【解析】 试题分析:本文属于科普说明文阅读，来自低收入家庭的孩子可能会落后同龄人，主要是因为大脑中的the neocortex(新皮质)更薄，而这种物质对于记忆以及学习能力至关重要。 24(D 推理判断题。本文第一段New research shows that kids from low-income families may be falling behind their peers because an important part of their brains is underdeveloped.是文章的主题段，直接告诉我们一项研究成果:因为大脑中一个重要的部分没有发育成熟，低收入家庭的孩子可能会落后同龄人。所以本段的目的就是为了说明中心思想，故D正确。 25(B 词义猜测题。根据第二段最后一句They found that one particular area of the brain —the neocortex(新皮质),which plays a key role in memory and learning ability—is thinner in children from lower-income households.可知这种新皮质在记忆以及学习能力方面起着关键的作用，所以它是人脑中一种非常重要的部分。故B正确。 26(D 推理判断题。根据本段第一句“Just as you would expect, there’ s a real cost not living in a supportive environment. We can see it not only in test scores, in educational attainment, but within the brains of these children,”可知在一个supportive environment中，不仅仅对考试成绩有很大帮助，而且对孩子的头脑发展也有很大的帮助。所以本段是在说明supportive environment的重要性，故D项正确。 27(D 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段最后一句They found that one particular area of the brain—the neocortex(新皮质),which plays a key role in memory and learning ability —is thinner in children from lower-income households可知低收入家庭的孩子可能会落后同龄人，主要是因为大脑中的the neocortex(新皮质)更薄。故D项正确。 【名师点睛】 猜词技巧:阅读理解的测试中经常有猜测词、短语、习语意义的题目，这些词、短语、习语要么是生词，要么是熟词新义，单靠平时积累是不够的，还要掌握一定的做题技巧。总结如下: (1)根据构词法(转化、合成、派生)进行判断 (2) 根据文中的定义、解释猜生词 ;利用事例或解释猜生词;利用重复解释的信息猜生词 (3)根据上下文的指代关系进行选择:文章中的代词it，that，he，him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。 (4)根据转折或对比关系进行判断:根据上下句的连接词，如but，however，otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。 (5)根据因果关系进行判断:俗话说，“有因必有果，有果必有因”。根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。 (6)根据同位关系进行判断:阅读中有时出现新词、难词，后面就跟着一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，有时这种解释也用连词“or”连接。 (7)利用标点符号和提示词猜测词义。还可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。破折号表示解释说明。 常见问题形式有: (1)The word “„” in Line „ means/can be best replaced by „ (2)As used in the passage, the phrase “„” suggests„ (3)From the passage, we can infer that the word/phrase /the sentence “„” is/refers to /means„ (4)The word “„” is closest in meaning to „ 考点:考查科普说明文阅读 28(B 29(C 30(D 31(B 【解析】 试题分析:本文主要讲述的是钱币发展的历史过程，先由物物交易，发展到硬币后来到纸币。 28(B 细节理解题。根据第二段4、5句For example,the seller of grain has to find a buyer who wants to buy grain and who also could offer something the seller wants to buy.And one more example,if a wheat farmer needs what a fruit farmer produces,a direct exchange is impossible because seasonal fruit would spoil before the grain harvest.可知作者列举了两个例子来说明实物交易很困难，是通过举例说明的方法展开阐述 的。故B正确。 29(C 细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句However,coins as well as commodity money had many disadvantages.For instance,coins quickly show wear(磨损) and they usually have small value,so it’ s difficult to count large sums of coins.可知早期的硬币也有 很多不足之处。故C项正确。 30(D 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第三句In Europe, paper money was firstly produced in the Netherlands in the 16th century and in the USA in the 17th century.可知欧 洲地区最先使用纸币是是荷兰，荷兰在16世纪开始使用纸币，而美国是在17世纪开始使用 的。AB项是欧洲国家，比荷兰晚，美国也比荷兰更晚。所以荷兰是四个选项中最新使用纸 币的国家。故D正确。 31(B 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述的是钱币发展的历史过程，先由物物交易，发展到硬币后 来到纸币，故B项正确。ACD三项都只是文章的部分内容，并非中心思想。 考点:考查说明文阅读 32(C 33(D 34(B 35(B 【解析】 试题分析:本文属于教育类短文，父母亲很擅长掩盖自己的真实情感，不愿意在孩子面前把 自己的情感表露出来。但是这样做对孩子和父母亲都不好。当我们保护孩子不受到威胁的时 候，更应该让孩子理解父母亲也是正常的人，也应该让他们知道大人的消极的不好的情绪。 这有利于孩子的成长。 32(C 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句.....mothers and fathers have become skillful at talking about their kids’ feelings while masking their own.可知父母亲很擅长掩盖 自己的真实情感，不愿意在孩子面前把自己的情感表露出来。所以C项为正确答案。 33(D 细节理解题。根据文章第四段...... when they attempt to hide their negative emotion expression and over express their positive emotions with their children, it actually comes at a cost: doing so may lead parents to feel worse themselves 可知当父母亲努力掩藏自己的真实情感的时候，会给自己带来更加不好的感觉。故D项正确。 34(B 推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句But children are often smarter than we expect and are quite in tune with what the people closest to them—their parents—are feeling.可知孩子们比我们预料的更聪明，他们能够理解周围的人的情绪和感觉。接着在第 六段中就列举了女儿的例子，就是为了证明这一观点:孩子可以理解我们大人的情感。故B 项正确。 35(B 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段While we will want to protect our children from things that aren’t age-appropriate or harmful, it’s better to raise a generation of kids who understand that moms and dads are people too.可知当我们保护孩子不受 到威胁的时候，更应该让孩子理解父母亲也是正常的人，也应该让他们知道大人的消极的不 好的情绪。这有利于孩子的成长。故B正确。 考点:考查教育类阅读 36( 【小题1】pay后加a 【小题2】because改为that 【小题3】friend改为friends 【小题4】has改为is 【小题5】删除to前on 【小题6】successful改为successfully 【小题7】help改为helping 【小题8】aim改为aims 【小题9】But改为So 【小题10】their改为our 【解析】 试题分析:本文属于应用文，文中李华向Jerry解释下周无法陪对方去杭州的原因。 【小题1】pay后加a 考查冠词。固定搭配pay a visit to....参观....;句意:对不起下周我没有时间和你一起去参观杭州了。 【小题2】because改为that 考查表语从句连接词。当the reason做主语的时候，不能使用because引导表语从句。因为不能说:原因是因为.....;只能使用that引导这个表语从句，意为:原因是....;that在句中不充当任何成分，只是一个引导词而已。 【小题3】friend改为friends 考查名词复数形式。前面有形容词many修饰，说明应该使用可数名词的复数形式friends。 【小题4】has改为is 考查谓语动词。本句属于固定句式:There be....有....;这个句式表示“存在有....”;而动词have表示“有...”，表示“个人拥有....”，该词是不能用在there be句式里的。 【小题5】删除to前on 考查固定短语。短语look forward to...期待...;原文中的介词on是多余的。句意:他们正期待着我帮助他们。 【小题6】successful改为successfully 考查副词。在英语中通常使用副词做状语修饰形容词、副词或者动词。而形容词通常在句中做表语或者定语。本句中使用副词successfully修饰动词短语get through the exam。 【小题7】help改为helping 考查动名词。句式spend some time (in) doing sth花费时间做某事;其中的动名词doing 作为介词in的宾语，in还可以省略。所以本句使用helping做宾语。 【小题8】aim改为aims 考查主谓一致。本题属于定语从句，先行词是a party，关系代词which指代先行词在句中作主语，因为先行词是单数名词，所以谓语动词也使用单数形式aims。 【小题9】But改为So 考查连词。句意:而且我要参加一个为地震灾区募捐资金的聚会，所以我想把我们的参观时间推迟到下个月第一个周末。上下文之间是因果关系，所以使用so连接。 【小题10】their改为our 考查代词。根据文章第一句可知是“我们”去杭州，而不是“他们”去杭州。所以使用our。 【名师点睛】 本文【小题3】考查了名词。把friend改为friends，前面有形容词many修饰，说明应该使用可数名词的复数形式friends。 名词的用法是很多中学生容易混淆的，高考短文改错往往把名词与主谓一致、名词的修饰语 以及冠词的使用放在一块儿考查。高考短文改错对名词的考查主要集中在以下几方面:1.可数名词数的使用错误;2.可数名词和不可数名词的混淆;3.名词作定语的把握;4.抽象名词具体化的变化等。要在短文改错中准确辨别名词方面的错误，首先应对名词中容易出现错误的知识点掌握清楚。 易错点回顾: 1(常考的不可数名词 furniture (家具)， clothing (衣服)， fun (乐趣)， homeworkadvice (建议)， (家庭作业), information(信息), paper(纸), sugar(糖), work(工作), fruit(水果), harm(损害), news(新闻), progress(进步), traffic(交通), trouble(麻烦), weather(天气)等。 这些名词前不能直接用冠词或数词修饰，而应该与某些特定的单位名词连用，来表示"量"的概念。如: a piece of news/advice, an article of clothing/furniture 2( 单复数同形的词 means(方式), works(工厂), sheep(绵羊), deer(鹿)等。 注意正确区分它们的数:every means (单数)，all means(复数)。 3(可以具体化的抽象名词 surprise, knowledge, success, failure, pleasure, interest, joy, help, honour, exercise等。 这类名词如果仅仅表示"概念"，是不可数名词，但如果表示具体的人或事，特别是前面出现形容词修饰时，就成了可数名词，前面需加冠词。如: He answered in surprise. 他吃惊地回答。(不可数名词) He suddenly appeared on a rainy night, which was a great surprise to us. 他在一个雨夜突然出现，这使我们非常吃惊(令大家吃惊的事情)。(可数名词) 4( 具有"两重性"的名词 有些名词既可以是可数名词也可以是不可数名词，很有迷惑性。这类名词可数与否往往取决于不同的意思: 不可数或者可数 work 工作;作品;著作;paper 纸 报纸;文件;time 时间 倍数;次数;一段时光;light 光 灯 chicken 鸡肉 小鸡;character 性格 (戏剧、小说中的)人物; 【典例调研】 ,例1,I told her not to use the office phone for personal call. call ?calls。本题为名词数的误用。call为可数名词，在此语境中须用复数;如用单数须加不定冠词a。 ,例2,He left words with my mother that he would come to help me in the afternoon and he kept his words. 第二个words ?word。本题属名词数的误用。keep one’s word为固定短语，意为"遵守诺言"。 ,例3,Father went to his doctor for advices about his heart trouble. advices ?advice。本题属名词数的误用。advice是不可数名词。 ,例4,Tom, will you boys play soldiers outside? There’s not enough rooms for you here. rooms ?room。本题属名词数的误用。当"空间"讲时room为不可数名词。 ,例5,You can get many information from the Internet. many ?much。本题是名词修饰语的误用。information是不可数名词，因此前面用much修饰。 ,例6,The writer goes to the library every a few days. a去掉。本题属于汉语式思维造成的成分累赘。every 本身已包含"一"的概念，因此不能受汉语的影响而再加冠词。 【指导?借鉴】 在短文改错中，命题者往往会从汉语式思维的角度设置"陷阱"，因此大家应从分析语境入手，摆脱汉语式思维的干扰，分清名词的性质，如果一个名词是可数名词，它一般只存在两种形式:单数或复数，如:a personal call, personal calls, 但绝对不能说personal call。另外对有些名词的数，绝对不能含糊，如information总是一个不可数名词，不可能有其他形式的变化，不能说an information,或many information。 考点:考查短文改错 37(F 38(D 39(G 40(A 41(C 【解析】 试题分析:本文属于说明文阅读，介绍了获得健康睡眠的五个建议。 37(F 本段的标题是Exercise early早锻炼。根据横线后句...... certain hormones involved in blood pressure management, which may lead to better sleep.可知早锻炼会让人体分泌出一些荷尔蒙，让我们睡得更好。也就是说早锻炼可以让我们中午或晚上睡得更好。选项中只有F项是早锻炼的好处有关，故F项符合上下文串联。 38(D 根据横线后句Eating too much of anything within a few hours of going to bed could suppress(抑制) your body’s ability to produce sleep-promoting melatonin. 可知吃得太多会抑制身体中分泌出的促进睡眠的物质。也就是说作者建议我们晚上不要吃太多。所以D项“Still, try not to go overboard even with healthy stuff.”符合上下文串联。 39(G 根据横线前句What they don’t let you do? Fall asleep.可知手机、电话、电脑这些电器设备会让你没有想睡觉的欲望。所以在晚上，不要玩这项电子设备，因为它们对睡眠有非常不好的影响。故G项“Put your devices away at night—ideally, two to three hours before you plan to go to sleep.”正确。 40(A 本段的标题是Keep their rooms chilly让我们的房间适合睡眠，所以横线句应该介绍适合睡觉的房间的布置。故A项“The idea of a comfortable bedroom and piles of soft, fuzzy blankets is very appealing.”符合上下文串联。 41(C 根据本段第一句Consistency is key to healthy sleep.一致性是健康睡眠的关键。也就是说要在固定的时间入睡，这对我们的健康有很大的好处。所以C项“Go to bed at the same time every night.”与本段的中心思想一致。 考点:考查说明文阅读 42(are forced 43(which 44(However 45(successfully 46(harder 47(in 48(difference 49(Planning 50(had 51(to remind[ 【解析】 试题分析:本文属于教育类短文，教育我们在交新朋友的时候不要忘记和老朋友保持联系。 42(are forced 考查语态。本句中动词force与主语you构成被动关系，所以使用被动语态，且本文全文使用一般现在时，所以are forced为正确答案。 43(which 考查定语从句。本题中关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面一句话的内容，在定语从句中做主语。要特别注意that不能引导非限制性定语从句。 44(However 考查上下文串联。句意:当你被迫去交一些新朋友的时候，很多情况会出现，这是一件大事情。然而，与以前的老朋友保持联系也很重要。上下文之间是转折关系，所以使用副词however。 45(successfully 考查副词。在英语中副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词或动词。所以本句中副词successfully修饰动词短语handle it。 46(harder 考查比较级。当我们搬到一个新地方或者到一个新学校，可以通过交新朋友的方法处理好很多事情，但是想要和老朋友保持联系要更加困难。根据上下文的串联可知应该使用比较级的形式harder。 47(in 考查固定搭配。短语keep in touch with与....保持联系;本句表示要和老朋友保持联系很难。 48(difference 考查固定搭配。动词短语make a difference起作用，有影响;句意:一个电话或短信说你想他们了会起很大的作用。 49(Planning 考查动名词做主语。本句中动名词短语planning a yearly reunion在句中做主语，谓语动词使用单数形式。 50(had 考查时态。句意:你和老朋友一起度过了很快乐的时间。根据句意可知应该使用过去时表示与老朋友一起的时间，所以使用过去式had。 51(to remind 考查固定搭配。动词短语forget to do sth忘记要做某事;forget doing sth忘记做过某事;不要忘记提醒他们你们一起度过的美好时光。 考点:考查语法填空 52( Dear Sir or Madam, I am Li Hua, a senior high school student from ChinA. I’m very excited to know that an international high school students’ exchange project will be held in London during this winter vacation. To be frank, I have an interest in it, so I’m writing to apply to be a member of it. I’m good at English and Chinese culture. On the one hand, I have no difficulty in communicating. On the other hand, it’s a good chance to help other foreign students know more about ChinA. In addition, I can handle my daily life quite well and I’m able to live independently. I am sure this program will benefit me a lot. Looking forward to your positive reply. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 试题分析:考查半开放作文。本文要求考生以李华的身份给英国某教育机构写信，申请成为国际高中生交流活动(international high school students’ exchange project)的参加人员。所以本文使用第一人称和一般现在时为主的时态。要点:1.知悉对方要搞这样的一次活动，非常开心，希望能够成为参加成员之一。2.个人能力:擅长英语，与他人可以进行无障碍交流;同时这也是帮助国外友人了解中国的机会，我希望借此机会推广中国文化。同时我想锻炼自己独立生活的能力。3.这次活动会对我有很多好处，希望能够让自己有机会参加。建议文章分为三段，三个小点各为一部分。写作的时候尽量使用高级的词汇和句式，让文章富有变化。 【名师点睛】 本篇范文很好地完成了要求的所有任务，涵盖了要求的所有要点。选词合理到位，语言流畅地道。文章中拓展和眼神到位且不拖沓。全文无中国式英语思维，英语思维体现得很清晰。同时文章的结构合理，层层推进。 语法方面:宾语从句. I’m very excited to know that an international high school students’ exchange project will be held in London during this winter vacation. 形式主语:it’s a good chance to help other foreign students know more about China 这些语法知识运用娴熟，显示了较强的语法功底，作文句式变得多样; 篇章结构方面:范文注意使用to be frank、on the other hand、in addition等串联词来衔接句子和段落，使表达变得更有条理; 短语和搭配方面:范文使用了benefit、have some difficulty in doing sth等短语和搭配，使作文的内容变得充实。 考点:考查半开放作文