00015自学考试英语二

00015自学考试英语二 Unit 1 The power of language A famous quote Language is the dress of thought.——Samuel Johnson Samuel Johnson (1709-1784), British man of letters, one of the thmost outstanding figures of the 18 century in England. He made lasting contributions to English literature as a poet, essayist, moralist, literary critic, biographer, editor and lexicographer. Johnson has been described as “arguably the most distinguished man of letters in English history”. Speaking Activity Making Suggestions Sample dialogue Read the following conversation. Pay attention to how the speakers make suggestions. Steve: Hi, Jenny, would you like to do something with me this weekend? Jenny: Sure. What shall we do? Steve: I don’t know. Do you have any ideas? Jenny: Why don’t we see a film? Steve: That sounds good to me. Which film shall we see? Jenny: Let’s see Action Man 4. Steve: I’d rather not. I don’t like violent films. How about going to Mad Doctor Brown? I hear it’s quite a funny film. Jenny: OK. Let’s go see that. When is it on? Steve: It’s at 8 o’clock at the Rex. Shall we have a bite to eat before the film? Jenny: Sure, that sounds great. What about going to that new Italian restaurant Michetti’s? Steve: Great idea! Let’s meet there at six. Jenny: OK. I’ll see you at Michetti’s at six. Bye. Steve: Bye. Guided practice Directions: Give your friends some suggestions on a place where you can spend your vacation. Use your own information. You may use the following tips to help you. Would you like to …? Shall we go…? Let’s go…? Why don’t we (you) go…? How (What) about going…? That’s a good idea. Good suggestion. Thanks for the advice. Test A Pre-reading Questions 1. Do you usually challenge the idea an author represents? What do you think is active reading? 2. what suggestions do you expect the author will give on readi ng critically? Critical Reading Critical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement. Critical reading is active reading. It involves more than just understanding what an author is saying. Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying, and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying. Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader. Consider the context of what is written. You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural context than yours. Or, you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours. In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author. Question assertions made by the author. Don’t accept what is written at face value. Before accepting what is written, be certain that the author provides sufficient support for any assertions made. Look for facts, examples, and statistics that provide support. Also, look to see if the author has integrated the work of authorities. Compare what is written with other written work on the subject. Look to see that what is written is consistent with what others have written about the subject. If there are inconsistencies, carefully evaluate the support the author provides for the inconsistencies. s made by the author. Assumptions Analyze assumption are whatever the author must believe is true in order to make assertion. In many cases, the author’s assumptions are not directly stated. This means you must read carefully in order to identify any assumptions. Once you identify an assumption, you must decide whether or not the assumption is valid.. Evaluate the sources the author uses. In doing this, be certain that the sources are credible. For example, Einstein is a credible source if the author is writing about landmark achievements in physics. Also be certain that the sources are relevant. Einstein is not a relevant source when the subject is poetry. Finally, if the author is writing about a subject in its curre ntstate, be sure that the sources are current. For example, studies thdone by Einstein in the early 20 century may not be appropriate if the writer is discussing the current state of knowledge in physics. Identify any possible author bias. A written discussion of American politics will likely look considerably different depending on whether the writer is a Democrat or a Republican. What is written may very well reflect in a biased position. You need to take this possible bias into account when reading what the author has written. That is, take what is written with “a grain of salt.” med By being a critical reader, you will become better inforand may change your views as appropriate. Text B Pre-reading questions 1. Are there any words that make you feel confident or diffident? 2. Do you believe that language can influence people’s thought? Give some examples. The language of confidence The language we use programs our brains. Mastering our language gives us a great degree of mastery over our lives and our destinies. It is important to use the language in the best way possible in order to dramatically improve our quality of life. Even the smallest of words can have the deepest effect on our subconscious mind, which is like a child, and it doesn’t really understand the difference between what really happens and what you imagine. It is eager to please and willing to carry out any commands that you give it ----whether you do this knowi ngly or not is entirely up to you. “Try” It is a small word yet it has an amazing impact upon us. If someone says, “I’ll try to do that” you know that they are not going to be putting their whole heart into it, and may not even do it at all. How often do you use the word try when talking about the things that matter to you? Do you say “I’ll try to be more confident” or “I’ll try to do that” or “I’ll try to call”? Think about something that you would like to achieve, and say it to yourself in two different ways. Firstly say, “I’ll try to …” and notice how you feel. Next say, “I will do …” and see how you feel. The latter makes you feel better than the first one, doesn’t it? It gives you a sense of determination, a feeling that it will be done. Listen to the people around you and when they say they will try notice if it gets done or not. Eliminate the word try from your dictionary and see how your life improves. “Can’t” This is another small word with a big impact. It disem powers us, makes us feel weak and helpless, and damages our self-esteem. It limits our infinite abilities and stifles creativity. Rub it out from your internal dictionary and replace it with something that makes you feel great. Instead of saying you can’t, why not say something like “I choose…” or “I choose not to …”. Using words like this allows you to take back your power and to be in control of your life. Words may appear small and insignificant, yet they can have a deep and lasting effect on us. Mastering your language gives you the power to live whatever life you desire. What words do you use a lot that disempower you? Make a list of words you commonly use and then write next to them some alternatives you can use. Make these alternatives words that make you feel fabulous, not only about yourself, but about life and what you are doing!