中学生英语学习常见错误

中学生英语学习常见错误 中学生英语学习常见错误,1,,名词 ,误,Please give me a paper. ,正,Please give me a piece of paper. ,析,不要认为可以数的名词就是可数名词，这种原因是对英语中可数与不可数名词的概念与中文中的能数与不能数相混淆了，所以造成了这样的错误，因paper在英语中是属于物质名词一类，是不可数名词。而不可数名词要达数量时，要用与之相关的量词来表达，如:two pieces of paper. ,误,Please give me two letter papers. ,正,Please give me two pieces of letter paper. ,析,paper作为纸讲是不可数名词，而作为报纸、考卷、文章讲时则是可数名词，如:Each student should write a paper on what he has learnt. ,误,My glasses is broken. ,正,My glasses are broken. ,误,I want to buy two shoes. ,正,I want to buy two pairs of shoes. 鞋，trousers—裤子等由两部分组成的名词一般要用复数形式。如果要,析,英语中glasses—眼镜，shoes— 表示一副眼镜应用a pair of glasses而这时的谓语动词应与量词相一致。如:This pair of glasses is very good. ,误,May I borrow two radioes? ,正,May I borrow two radios? ,析,以o结尾的名词大都是用加es来表示其复数形式，但如果o前面是一个元音字母或外来语时则只加s就可以了。这样的词有zoo—zoos,piano—pianos. ,误,This is a Mary's dictionary. ,正,This is Mary's dictionary. ,析,如名词前有指示代词this, that, these those,及其他修饰词our,some, every, which, 或所有格时，则不要再加冠词。 ,误,There are much people in the garden. ,正,There are many people in the garden. ,析,可数名词前应用many, few, a few, a lot of 来修饰，而people是可数名词，而且是复数名词，如:The people are planting trees here. ,误,I want a few water. ,正,I want a little water. ,析,不可数名词前可以用a little, little, a lot of, some来修饰，但不可用many,few来修饰。 ,误,Thank you very much. Your family is very kind to me. ,正,Thank you very much. Your family are very kind to me. ,误,Tom's and Mary's family are waiting for us. ,正,Tom's and Mary's families are waiting for us. ,误,I'm sorry. I have to go. Tom's families are waiting for me. ,正,I'm sorry. I have to go. Tom's family are waiting for me. ,析,集合名词如果指某个集合的整体，则应视为单数，如指某个集合体中的个体则应视为复数。如:My family is a big family. When I came in, Tom's family were watching TV. 即汤姆一家人正在看电视。这样的集合名词有:family class, team等。 ,误,Don't eat too much meats. ,正,Don't eat too much meat. ,误,Food in that restaurant is very good. ,正,The food in that restaurant is very good. ,析,物质名词是不可数名词，在使用中不可以加s，即它没有复数形式。也不可加不定冠词。但如果用于特指某一物质时可以加定冠词。如:I don't like drinking coffee, but the coffee in that cup is really good. ,误,Please give me two waters. ,正,Please give me two glasses of water. ,正,Please give me two coffees. ,析,物质名词如要加计量时，一定要加量词，如:two cups of tea,two glasses of water,a glass of milk,a loaf of bread, a piece of bread,a box of sugar, a bowl of rice,a bottle of orange, a bag of earth 例: I'll tell you a piece of good news. 但只有coffee可以用coffees来取代many cups of coffee. ,误,Can you give me the newspaper of today? ,正,Can you give me today's newspaper? ,析,加's构成所有格的名词一般应指有生命的人或物。如:Mary's hair，但在英文的习惯用法中对时间、距离等名词的所有格多用's来构成而不用of结构。如:a five minutes' walk. ,误,Please make a room for the lady in the school bus. ,正,Please make room for the lady in the school bus. ,析,英语中更多的名词是含有多种用法和多种含意的， 如: room为可数名词时为“房间”，如:I live in Room 5.而room为抽象名词时为空间上面一句话应译为“请给老妇人在校车上留个地方。”这样的词还有:glass 玻璃glasses 眼镜stone 石头a stone 一块石头time 时间two times 两次wood 木头woods 树林 ,误,There is a flowers garden behind my house. ,正,There is a flower garden behind my house. ,析,名词除了在句中作主语、宾语、表语外，还可以用来修饰另一个名词，这时作修饰词的名词一般要用单数形式，如:shoe factory (鞋厂),post office(邮局),evening paper (晚报),night school (夜校),head master (校长),a law school (法律学院)。但也有例外，如:a goods train(货车),sports meeting (运动会)。 ,误,My mother bought two fishes for supper this morning. ,正,My mother bought two fish for supper this morning. ,析,英语中有些名词单复同形，如:fish, deer, sheep, Chinese (中国人), means (方法)。所以应讲one fish, two fish, one Chinese, two Chinese. 如果讲There are five fishes in the pool.应译为池中有五种鱼而不是五条鱼。 ,误,Mary expressed her thank to her boy friend. ,正,Mary expressed her thanks to her boy friend. ,析,英语中有些名词只有复数形式，如: thanks, greens，而有些词单数形式与复数形式有不同的词意。 如:clothes 为衣服，而cloth则是布， sand沙子，而sands是沙滩。 ,误,I offered my son my congratulation on his success. ,正,I offered my son my congratulations on his success. ,析,英语中表示祝贺的词虽有单数形式，但一般要用其复数形式。如握手为shake hands. ,误,We have five German in this meeting. ,正,We have five Germans in this meeting. ,析,英国人Englishman的复数形式为Englishmen，而German 则要加s，因为它不是由国名与man的组合词。 ,误,There are two As in this word. ,正,There are two A's in this word. ,析,在大写字母缩写形式的复数表达法中应加s，但如字母是A、I时，为了防止与As和Is相混，则要用's即A's，I's ,误,There are three 6s and two 3s in my telephone number. ,正,There are three 6's and two 3's in my telephone number. ,析,在小写字母与数字的复数形式表达法中要用's ,误,We have many woman teachers in our school. ,正,We have many women teachers in our school. ,析,一般组合名词变为复数形式时只将词中心词变为复数如: half brother—half brothers(同父异母或同母异父的兄弟)daughter in law—daughtersin law,(儿媳)但要注意的是:man driver—men drivers(男司机) woman doctor—women doctors(女大夫)grown up—grown ups(成年人) 但是boy student—则变为boy students ,误,Physics are very difficult to learn. ,正,Physics is very difficult to learn. ,析,虽以s结尾但只能用作单数名词有:科学，学科名字:Physics. Mathematics politics游戏名称:bowls 专有名称:Niagara Falls(尼亚加拉瀑布) 其他名词:news(消息，新闻) ,误,There is a people in the room. ,正,There is a person in the room. ,正,There is a man in the room. ,析,people是复数名词，不可用作单数，如要用来讲一个人时应用a person, a man, a woman。同样的词有police.要讲一个警察时则要用a policeman, a policewoman。 ,误,Where is my shoe? ,正,Where are my shoes? ,析,常常只用作复数形式的词有trousers, pants, shorts(短裤)，socks(袜子),shoes, gloves(手套)。但如果只找其中的一个则要指明，这时还是应用单数形式。如:Where's my left glove?(我左手的手套在哪?) ,误,I paid five pennies for the sweet. ,正,I paid five pence for the sweet. ,析,英语中便士有两个复数形式pence用来表达一定数量的钱。而pennies是指一个个的硬币，如:I want to change this note for pennies.我想把这纸币换成硬币。(即一便士一个的硬币)。 ,误,There are many fruit in the shop. ,正,There are many fruits in the shop. ,析,物质名词为不可数名词，但是用来表示种类时则可以用作可数名词，这里应译为各种各样的水果。 ,误,There is a new car. It is Jone's and Mary's. ,正,There is a new car. It is Jone and Mary's. ,析,有生命名词的所有格，如果是单数名词则加's如:Mary's car.如果是以s结尾的复数名词则只在s后面加?如:teachers' offices.如果是复数名词但不是以s结尾，则只加?s，如:children's palace 组合名词的所有格是在最后一个词尾加's如:girl friend —girl friend's someone else—someone else's a week o r three—a week or three's如名词后有同位语时，则应加在同位语的词尾上，如:It is my girl friend, Mary's car.要注意的是当两个名词并列时，如表示归两人共同所有，则在最后一个名词后面加's，如果表示分别所有则在两个名词后分别加's，如:This is Mary and Jone's home.即Mary与Jone是一家人。这是他们共同的家。而These are Mary's and Jone's homes.则应译为这里是Mary的家与Jone 的家。 ,误,It is really beautiful. It is a work of nature. ,正,It is really beautiful. It is a Nature's work. ,析,无生命名词的所有格应用of结构。但是's形式的所有格可用于以下无生命的名词:表示时间的词:today's newspaper, a twenty minutes' walk, an hour's, rest 表示长度的词:three metres' distance, a boat's length， twenty miles' journey 表示重量的名词:two pounds' weight价格名词:two dollars'worth拟人化的名词:Nature's work, nature's lesson(大自然的教训)及国家、机关、团体、城市等机构性名词:the university's library ,误,He is an old friend of my father. ,正,He is an old friend of my father's. ,析,这是英语中的一种习惯用法而不要根据语法去推理。如:This pen is Tom's. ,误,My father is a good cooker. ,正,My father is a good cook. ,析,一般动词加上er后则转意为执行该动作的执行者，如:teach(教)—teacher(老师),think(想)—thinker(思想家),drive(开车)—driver(司机),sell(卖)—seller(卖物者)……但不能总是以此类推，比如cook是动词“做饭”。而cook也可作为名词“厨师”讲，而cooker则为厨具，餐具，即锅、碗、勺等做饭用具。 ,误,The young is dancing there. ,正,The young are dancing there. ,析,英文中用定冠词加上形容词表示一类人时应按复数名词，如:the rich 富人，the poor(穷人),the wise 聪明人，但如果用定冠词加形容词来表示事物则要用作单数名词，如:The beautiful is still here.美丽的风景依旧。 ,误,The stories of the book was written many years ago. ,正,The stories of the book were written many years ago. ,析,这句话的真正主语应是stories，所以应用复数谓语动词。 ,误,This is one of the English-Chinese dictionary. ,正,This is one of the EnglishChinese dictionaries. ,析,one of意为“……之一”，of后面的名词要用复数形式。 ,误,Let's go to uncle Wang for supper. ,正,Let's go to uncle Wang's for supper. ,析,uncle Wang's 意为“王叔叔家”，doctor's意为“医院或私人诊所”。 ,误,I think we will make a friend with each other. ,正,I think we will make friends with each other. ,析,make friends 为习惯用法，即交朋友。 ,误,I want to tell you much pieces of good news. ,正,I want to tell you many pieces of good news. ,析,news为不可数名词，但加了量词之后则要用many来修饰量词，因量词是可数名词，或可以说I want to tell you some good news.因some 即可用在可数名词前，也可用在不可数名词前作形容词，如:I want to tell you some pieces of good news. ,误,The teacher with five students are coming here. ,正,The teacher with five students is coming here. ,析,要注意由with引出的介词短语不是本句的主语，这与连词and有很大的区别，如:The teacher and five students are coming here. 这里由介词引出的短语仅仅是teacher的修饰语。 ,误,There are a lot of information here, but we don't need them. ,正,There is a lot of information here, but we don't need it. ,析,information为不可数名词，而用作代替它的词要用it而不能用them. ,误,Many a student make the same mistake in the exam. ,正,Many a student makes the same mistake in the exam. ,析,many a 加可数名词单数，作主语时其谓语动词应用单数形式，但其意为许多学生。 ,误,The children wear very good cloth to go to school today. ,正,The children wear very good clothes to go to school today. ,析,英文中cloth,clothes,clothing是易混之词:cloth是物质名词，意为“布”，没有复数形式，而clothing是指衣物的总称，也没有复数形式。clothes是指衣服，但没有单数形式，如:This clothing is needed in warm countries. Her clothes are made of fine cloth.英文中的dress则指较正规的服装，如:a s chool dress 校服，an evening dress晚礼服。 ,误,I like to study the English. ,正,I like to study English. ,析,作为一种学科名词前不要用冠词，而作为某一特指学科则要加冠词，如:I like to study history. I like to study the history of America. ,误,The Browns is going to visit China. ,正,The Browns are going to visit China. ,析,定冠词加姓加s，则意为“Brown先生一家人”。所以应用复数谓语动词。此句应译为:Brown先生一 家将要访问中国。 中学生英语学习常见错误,2,,冠词 ,误,This building is an university. ,正,This building is a university. ,析,a用于以辅音音素开始的单词前，而an用于以元音音素开始的单词前，而不是元音字母开头的单词 前。university的第一个音素是,j,，所以用a而不要用an。又如:There is a “n” in the word.是错句，应为: There is an “n”in the word.因字母n的发音的第一个音素是元音。要注意的还有hour因其第一个字母h不发 音，所以应该用an hour。例如: I need an hour to finish the work. It is a useful dictionary. It is a European country. I bought a used car. ,误,I need a umbrella because it looks like raining. ,正,I need an umbrella because it looks like raining. ,析,因umbrella的第一个音素是元音，所以应用an.常用的情况有:an old man, an English teacher, an elephant, an idea, an hour ago, an honest boy…。 ,误,“Can you help me” “Sorry, I'm in hurry.” ,正,“Can you help me” “Sorry. I'm in a hurry.” ,析,不定冠词的主要用法如下: 1. 用来表示一类人或事物，如:She is a teacher. 2. 指某一类人或事物中的一个，如:An elephant is bigger than a horse. 3. 泛指某一人或事物，如:A man is waiting for you at the school gate. 4. 相当于“one”的概念，如:I just bought a new dictionary. 5. 其主要的难点是用在固定词组中: 如:have a walk/a rest /a look 又如:in a hurry 匆匆忙忙 make a face 作鬼脸 do somebody a favour 帮某人忙 a number of =many 又如:have a good time (玩得好) have a cold (感冒) have a headache (头痛) have a break=have a rest ,误,I bought the dictionary yesterday. A dictionary is very good. ,正,I bought a dictionary yesterday. The dictionary is very good. ,析,在文章中第一次提到某物时用不定冠词，而第二次提到时用定冠词。 ,误,Please turn off lights before you leave. ,正,Please turn off the lights before you leave. ,析,虽然是第一次提到某物但说话双方均知其所指，也应用定冠词。 ,误,There are nine planets around a sun. ,正,There are nine planets around the sun. ,析,世上独一无二的天体等名词前应加定冠词，如:the earth, the moon, the sun, the sky, the sea. ,误,I live on a second floor of this building. ,正,I live on the second floor of this building. ,析,在序数词，形容词最高级前要用定冠词。如:He is the oldest in the family. ,误,I want to learn the second language this term. ,正,I want to learn a second language this term. ,析,在序数词的含意不是顺序中的第一第二，而其意在于再学一个，再来一个时，应用a，本句的意思 应为:这学期我要学一门第二外语。 ,误,Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world. ,正,The Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world. ,析,在河流名称前应加定冠词，如:the Yellow River(黄河)。 ,误,Look, there are Alp. ,误,Look, there are the Alp. ,正,Look, there are the Alps. ,析,具体的某一座山不加定冠词，如:Mountain Tai.但在山名称前加定冠词后，其山名要加s，来表示山脉。the Alps即为阿尔卑斯山脉。如:The Alps are in the center of Europe. ,误,Times is one of the oldest newspapers in the world. ,正,The Times is one of the oldest newspapers in the world. ,析,报刊名称前应加定冠词。 ,误,Rich are not always happy. ,正,The rich are not always happy. ,析,在形容词前加定冠词表示一类人，而在姓的前面加定冠词，姓后加s表示某一家，如:The turners are going to move to New York. ,误,I like to eat bread for breakfast. Bread sells in this shop is very good. ,正,I like to eat bread for breakfast. The bread sells in this shop is very good. ,析,物质名词特指时也应加定冠词。 ,误,The sun rises in east. ,正,The sun rises in the east. ,析,在方向、方位前应用定冠词，如:in the east, in the west, in the north, in the south, in the direction 及in the past, in the future ,误,Do you know who invented telephone ,正,Do you know who invented the telephone ,析,在特定和专有事物或名称前要加定冠词， 如:the English Channel 英吉利海峡 the Panama Canal 巴拿马运河 the Suez Canal 苏伊士运河 ,误,Would you please buy some food for the supper ,正,Would you please buy some food for supper ,析,泛指一日三餐前无定冠词。 ,误,I like to climb the mountain in the autumn. ,正,I like to climb the mountain in autumn. ,析,一年四季前不用定冠词，如:Spring is the best season in a year. ,误,Sometimes my parents come to school to see me. ,正,Sometimes my parents come to the school to see me. ,析,有些名词被用作其本身原来所含目的时不加冠词，如:go to school上学，leave school(辍学)，after school(放学)，但如果当建筑物讲时应加冠词，如例句中其父母来校不是上学，而是看望孩子，则要加定冠词。又如，He was in hospital for two days.(他在医院住院两天了。)而:He went to the hospital to see his mother. 他去医院看望他的母亲。 ,误,I bought a same dictionary as she bought. ,正,I bought the same dictionary as she bought. ,析,在惯用法the same, the only, the very前的定冠词不可换为不定冠词。 ,误,The police caught the thief by his arm. ,正,The police caught the thief by the arm. ,析,这是英文表达法与中文的明显不同之处，也是初学者极易忽视之处。在英语中的某些动词，如:catch(抓)，take(拿)，strike (打),pat(拍)，hit(击)，hold(握)，pull(拉)…动词后应加人，再加介词on, by, in, with…之后要加定冠词，再加人体的某一部位。这时的定冠词千万不要换作his, her, their, 等词。 ,误,He was paid by hour. ,正,He was paid by the hour. ,析,by和计量单位之间要有定冠词。这句话应译为:他的工资是按小时计算的。 ,误,I went to New York by his car. ,正,I went to New York by car. ,正,I went to New York in his car. ,析,by仅仅与交通工具相连表示应用某种工具，而加了别的修饰词后其前面的介词也应作相应的转换。如:by car (坐小汽车)by taxi (坐出租车)by bike (骑自行车)by water (乘船)by air (乘飞机)by sea (乘船) ,误,Mary began to learn how to play piano when she was three. ,正,Mary began to learn how to play the piano when she was three. ,析,在乐器前要加定冠词，而在球类游戏之前则不要加冠词，如:They like to play bridge when they are free. (他们空闲时爱打桥牌) ,误,The little boy wanted to go to cinema. ,正,The little boy wanted to go to the cinema. ,析,英语中虽有一些名词与go to连用时不加定冠词，以表示该名词的内涵，如:go to school (上学)，go to bed(睡觉)等，但去看电影则例外，要用go to the cinema.这也是语言的一个特点。 ,误,I live at 105 the Lake street. ,正,I live at 105 Lake Street. ,析,街道名称前不用冠词。 ,误,Next summer holiday I will go to country to live on a farm. ,正,Next summer holiday I will go to the country to live on a farm. ,析,country既作国家讲也作乡村讲。作乡村讲时，一定要加定冠词，而且只有单数形式，作国家讲时则可有复数形式。如:Japan is a country .Japan, China, India are Asian countries. ,误,The picture looks better at the distance. ,正,The picture looks better at a distance. ,析,at a distance意为“离开一定距离”。而in the distance为“远方，远处”。这样常用的词组有: as a rule (照例) in a hurry (匆忙) in the morning/afternoon (上/下午) in the sun (在阳光下) in the rain (雨中) in the same way (同样) in the shade (在阴凉处) in the day time (白天) in the end (最终) on the other hand (换句话说) on the contrary (相反) ,误,The little boy and girl walk along the street a hand in a hand. ,正,The little boy and girl walk along the street hand in hand. ,析,这是英语中的习惯用法，如: bit by bit (逐渐) day after (by) day (一天又一天) day and night (日日夜夜) face to face (面对面) from A to Z (自始至终) from time to time (再三) hand in hand (手拉手) shoulder by shoulder (肩并肩) 中学生英语学习常见错误,3,,代词 ,误,Tom's mother is taller than my. ,正,Tom's mother is taller than mine. ,析,形容词性物主代词可以作定语，也就是讲它可以作形容词，如:my book，而这句话的意思是:汤姆 的妈妈比我的妈妈高。比较的对象是my mother,也就是mine。 ,误,We have a lot of homework to do today. So we need two or three hours to finish them. ,正,We have a lot of homework to do today. So we need two or three hours to finish it. ,析,在应用代词时，要注意人称，格与数的一致性。这里it所代替的是不可数名词homework，所以应用 it。 ,误,He and you should go to the library to return the books. ,正,You and he should go to the library to return the books. ,析,这主要是英语习惯上的用法。当两个以上的人称代词并列时其排列顺序一般为you, he, she, I,而复数 时为we, you， they:如男女并列时，应先男后女，如:He and she …如果在表示不好意思，承担责任时，单 数时用，I, he, she, you, 复数时用They, you， we, 如:Tom and I are good friends. You, he and I must go to play the game for our team this afternoon. We, you and they have been there before. I, he and you have to pay for it. ,误,He or his brother is doing their homework. ,正,He or his brother is doing his homework. ,析,由either…or, neither…nor, or 连接两个主语时，如果两主语是单数时，用单数代词，如两主语是复 数时，用复数代词，如:Either teachers or students want to do their best to help the old man.如是一单一复两名 词时，一般将单数名词放在前，复数名词放在后，要用复数代词，如:The teacher or his students will clean their classroom together. ,误,His brother is taller than him. ,正,His brother is taller than he. ,析,than是连词，其后应视为省略句，than he is.所以要注意区分其主格与宾格的用法。 I like you as much as she. ,正,I like you as much as her. ,析,as…as 其后也应看作是省略句。应为as I like her.所以应用宾格。而第一句应译为我像她那样喜欢你。两句语法都是对的但含义不同。 ,误,Myself did it yesterday. ,正,I myself did it yesterday. ,正,I did it myself yesterday. ,析,反身代词不可作主语，但可以用作主语的同位语。 ,误,Take care of ourselves. ,正,Take care of yourselves .(yourself) ,析,祈始句的主语应看作第二人称you. ,误,Please bring your daughter with yourself. ,正,Please bring your daughter with you. ,析,反身代词不能作介词宾语，除非是由不及物动词与介词组成的动词短语，如: The old woman spoke to herself. ,误,Make yourself home. ,正,Make yourself at home. ,析,这是英语中的习惯用法，意为“像在家里一样”。这样的用法还有: enjoy oneself 玩得开心make yourself at home 像在家中一样 help yourself to something 自己拿某物lost oneself 迷路 seat oneself 就坐dress oneself 穿衣 ,误,— Who's this speaking.— That's Mary. ,正,— Who's that speaking.— This is Mary. ,析,在电话用语中，this指讲话人自己，而that指对方。 ,误,The days in summer are longer than this in winter. ,正,The days in summer are longer than those in winter. ,析,在比较句中往往为了避免重复，可以用that或those取代前面提到的事物，如是单数时用that,复数时用those，如:The weather in Beijing is hotter than that in Chang Chun. ,误,It is so a good book that everyone likes to read. ,正,It is such a good book that everyone likes to read. ,正,It is so good a book that everyone likes to read. ,析,在可数名词单数时可用so+形容词+不定冠词+名词+that从句，也可用such+不定冠词+形容词+that从句。在不可数名词或可数名词复数时，只用such, 如:It is such good weather that I want to go swimming. They are such good books that I want to buy them all.在many, much, few, little这4个词前仅能用so,如: She has so much money that she can buy everything she wants.而在so与that之间仅存形容词时，则不能用such,如:She is so sweet that everyone likes her. ,误,I want to buy a same dictionary as yours. ,正,I want to buy the same dictionary as yours. ,析,same与定冠词the是固定搭配不可更改。这样的用法还有all the same(仍然)。 ,误,— I hope she might pass the exam.— I don't hope so. ,正,— I hope she might pass the exam.— I hope not. ,析,在作肯定回答时，I think so. I hope so. I believe so.但作否定回答时为:I don't think so. I hope/believe not. ,误,— He studied very hard this term.— So she did. ,正,— He studied very hard this term.— So did she. ,误,— English is difficult to learn.— So is it. ,正,— English is difficult to learn.— So it is. ,析,在对话中如果某一动作同时适用于两个主语，这时在答语中要用缩写且要用倒装句。如第一组句，即studied hard既适用于he,也适用于she.但答语仅仅是对前句的重复，即仅仅是第一句的缩写时则不要用倒装句。如第二组句子为:英语难学。答语为:是的，难学。这时缩写的答语不要用倒装句。 ,误,Everyone should do one's best. ,正,Everyone should do his best. ,析,one作代词时，它的复数形式是ones,所有格形式是one's，反身代词为oneself.如果讲One should do one's best.则是对句。如果one与别的词组成其他词，如: someone, anyone, everyone或only one 则要用his/her，来作其所有格形式。 ,误,— Who won the gam e?— None. ,正,— Who won the game?— No one. ,析,由who提问的句子的否定回答中的简略说法是no one,而由How many提问的句子的否定回答中的简略语是None.如:How many books are there? None. ,误,There are many trees on either sides of the street. ,正,There are many trees on either side of the street. ,正,There are many trees on both sides of the street. ,析,either作代词时由两个含意，其一是两者中随便哪一个，如:You can take either.其二是两者中的每一个。但要注意的是either后要加单数名词，如果作主语则谓语动词也要用单数形式。 ,误,Either you or I are right. ,正,Either you or I am right. ,析,在either…or,或neither…nor连接两个主语时，其谓语动词要与和其相近的那个主语相配。 ,误,I have three sisters. Neither of them is a doctor. ,正,I have three sisters. None of them is a doctor. ,析,neither用于两者中无一是，而none则用于多于两者中的人或事物无一是。 ,误,He doesn't like Beijing opera. I don't like too. ,正,He doesn't like Beijing opera, I don't like either. ,析,either作为“也”讲时，要用于否定句中，而too则用于肯定句中。 ,误,We like both this little boy. ,正,We both like this little boy. ,析,both作同位语时，它在句中的位置有:在be动词之后，如:We are both students.在实意动词之前，如:The parents both want to go to the cinema.用于第一助动词之后，如:We have both read these English novels. 使用时要注意以下句子的实际含意:Both of us are not right.应译为:我们俩不都对。Neither of us is right.才应译为:我俩都不对。又如:I can't give you both of the books.意为:两本书我不能全给你，而I can't give you either of the books.才为:两本书我全不能给你。 ,误,We each has a ticket for the concert. ,正,We each have a ticket for the concert. ,析,each作句子主语时其谓语动词要用单数形式，如:Each of us wants to learn English well，但each作同位语时，则应以原名词的数为准。 ,误,Every of us has to pass the exam. ,正,Each of us has to pass the exam. ,析,every只可作形容词，不可作代词，而each既可作形容词，又可作代词，在作形容词时each侧重强调个体，而every 则侧重于全体。 ,误,Everyone of us should do housework two hours a day. ,正,Every one of us should do housework two hours a day. ,析,everyone不可与of结构相连接使用，而every one则可以这样用。 ,误,I should read English everyday. ,正,I should read English every day. ,析,要注意的是every day是“每天”，而everyday则是形容词为“日常的”。如:everyday English日常英语，everyday life日常生活。 ,误,There are trees on every sides of the street. ,正,There are trees on each side of the street. ,析,every用于三者或三者以上的每一个，而each用于二者或二者以上的每一个。因为街道只有两侧，所以只能用each而不能用every. ,误,All my parents are engineers. ,正,Both my parents are engineers. ,析,all用于三者或三者以上的全部，而both 则用于两者的全部。 ,误,All of students might make some mistakes. ,正,All of the students might make some mistakes. ,正,All students might make some mistakes. ,析,非特指的名词前可用all但不可用all of结构，也就是讲all of结构后面的名词前一定要有定冠词。其他与all有关的习惯用法还有: all the year round, all week, all day, all winter ,误,The all village was flooded. ,正,All the village was flooded. ,析,all作修饰语时要用在所有修饰词之前。 ,误,The post office is on other side of the street. ,正,The post office is on the other side of the street. ,析,单数可数名词如在泛指某一个时用another,而特指时则要用the other,因街道只有两边，而不在这边必定是在另一边，所以要用特指。请参考下表的用法以便于记忆。 单数 复数 泛指 another形容词 作定语 作名词 another代词 other others 特指 the other形容词 the other代词 the other the others ,误,There are ten students here Where are the others students? ,正,There are ten students here.Where are the others? ,正,There are ten students here Where are the other students? ,析,the others=the other students. ,误,The old man has two sons. One is a teacher, another is a doctor. ,正,The old man has two sons. One is a teacher, the other is a doctor. ,析,another用于泛指，如:Is it far from here to the station?I'm sorry. I have no idea. One may say it is quite near; another may say it is far from here.但在特指时则要用the other.它可以用作定语，the other one,也可以用作代词 the other,但the other用作代词时它的含意一定是单数。如果指三者或者三者以上的情况时，则要用 one…another…the other.或者one…a second…the third… ,误,Some people like sports. The others like reading. ,正,Some people like sports. Others like reading. ,析,在泛指的复数名词前用some…others…others…来表示某些人……某些人……某些人……。 ,误,Please remember to wate r the flowers each other day. ,正,Please remember to water the flowers every other day. ,析,every other day为每隔一天。是习惯用法，不要随意改动。又如:on the other hand另一方面。 ,误,Many know him， but few likes him. ,正,Many know him, but few like him. ,析,few用于可数名词，意为几乎没有，但few作主语时谓语动词则要用复数形式，而a few为有一些。 ,误,You have few friends, haven't you? ,正,You have few friends, have you? ,析,little与few用于句中时，均要按否定句看待。 ,误,Much of what you said are true. ,正,Much of what you said is true. ,析,much用于不可数名词，作主语时用单数谓语动词。而many用于可数名词，它作主语时用复数形式 的谓语动词。 ,误,This room is enough large for the students to live in. ,正,This room is large enough for the students to live in. ,析,enough 可以用作代词，如:There is enough of the food. 又如:Enough has been done for the work，但 enough 还可以作形容词来修饰名词，这时enough可以放在名词之前，也可放在名词之后，如:money enough 与enough money都是对的。但当enough作副词修饰形容词时，则只能置于形容词之后了。 ,误,I want any books to read. Do you have any? ,正,I want some books to read. Do you have any? ,析,按照语法any用于疑问句和否定句，而some用于肯定句。 ,误,Would you like any thing to drink? ,正,Would you like something to drink? ,析,在由would you like发出的问句中，表达了说话者真心实意要为对方提供些饮料，或在说话者想得到 对方的肯定答复时，在疑问句中要用some而不用any。 ,误,Someone want to meet you. ,正,Someone wants to meet you. ,析,不定代词应被看作单数，即使用and连接两个不定代词，也要看作单数，如:Anyone and everyone has the right. 任何人，每一个人都有这样的权力。 ,误,New York is much colder in winter than before. ,正,It is much colder in New York in winter than before. ,析,it常常用在英文的句子中来代表时间、距离、天气、自然现象，或用在句中作形式主语或宾语，如: It is ten o'clock now. (代时间) It is far from here to the airport. (代距离) It is very hot.(代天气) It is very difficult to learn English well. (作形式主语) We found it very difficult to answer the question. (作形式宾语) ,误,Be careful. Don't drink too many. ,正,Be careful. Don't drink too much. ,析,这里much所代的应是饮料或水，所以应为不可数名词。 中学生英语学习常见错误,4,,形容词 副词 ,误, The young likes playing football very much. ,正, The young like playing football very much. ,析,定冠词加形容词表示一类人，应作复数看待。而定冠词加形容词表示抽象事物时则要看作单数，如:The beautiful is not always kindness.美丽并不总代表善良。 ,误, The danger has gone, so the worst are over. ,正, The danger has gone, so the worst is over. ,析,意为:"危险已经过去，最困难的状况已结束。"用定冠词加最高级形容词作主语时应看作单数形式。 ,误, It is the gold age of the young. ,正, It is the golden age of the young. ,析, golden在英语中多用于比喻，如:golden hair金发，gulden voice金嗓子。而gold多用于表达金质的，如:a gold bar金条，a gold coin金币，但gold fish 金鱼例外。 ,误, She is a warm heart woman. ,正, She is a warmhearted woman. ,析,英语形容词的构词法很多，其中之一是由形容词，或数词，加名词加ed构成，如:warmhoarted 热心肠的，whitehaired 白毛的 ,误, There is an alive fish in the pool. ,正, There is a living fish in the pool. ,析,在初中范围内所学到的以a字母开头的形容词一般不能作定语，只能作表语。如:The fish is alive.(鱼还活着)这样的形容词有:alive, alike, alone, asleep, afraid, awake等。 ,误, The ill man nearly died. ,正, The sick man nearly died. ,析, ill一般不作定语来形容某人有病，而要用sick，但作表语时则都可以。如:He is ill sick, ill作定语时则另有他意，如:ill luck (厄运)，ill nature(天性恶劣),ill temper(心绪不好) ,误, I have important something to tell you. ,正, I have something important to tell you. ,析, 不定代词something, anyone, somebody…在用形容词修饰时，形容词应放其后。但要注意thing则不 是不定代词，不符合上述规律。如:I have an important thing to tell you. ,误, I'll be free on next Sunday. ,正, I'll be free next Sunday. ,析, 在表达将来时的时候:next Sunday, next week, next year或last Sunday last week, last year前都不加介词。 ,误, The girl is twoyear old. ,正, The girl is two years old. ,正, She is a twoyearold girl ,析,由连字符连接若干名词、数词……组成的形容词，在学习时要记住两点，其一是这些词中的名词都不要用复数形式，如:twothousandword report(两千字的报告);其二是这样构成的形容词只能作定语，即用于名词之前，而不能作表语。 ,误, The foreigners like those little beautiful Chinese paintings. ,正, The foreigners like those beautiful little Chinese paintings. ,析, 在名词前若有几个形容词作修饰语时，其顺序如下。 1. 指示代词，定冠词 2. 数量词 3. 性质词 4. 大小 5. 形状 6. 老少，新旧 7. 颜色 8. 材料 但要注意的是英语的习惯是一个名词前的形容词一般不要多于三个。 如: What a pretty little white horse! Those first few short English stories were not difficult to understand. ,误, The best way to learn English good is to speak with Englishman every day. ,正, The best way to learn English well is to speak with Englishman every day. ,析, good是形容词，这里是修饰动词speak的，所以应用副词well，但well作形容词讲时只作身体好。如:He is well.(他身体很好)。He is good.(他是个好人)。 ,误, The children play on the grass nappyly. ,正, The children play on the grass happily ,析, 多音节y结尾的形容词变为副词时应将y变为i再加ly. ,误, The teacher looked angry at the students. ,正, The teacher looked angrily at the students. ,析, 英语中感观动词后面要接形容词，这时它是修饰主语的，如:The food smells good.食物闻起来很香。The teacher looked angry 老师看起来很生气。而此句的意思为:"老师生气地看着学生"，所以应用副词形式。 ,误, He worked with me friendly. ,正, He was friendly to me. ,析,不是所有结尾是ly的词都是副词，但friendly是形容词，这样的词还有lovely, lonely, costly, lively…monthly weekly…。但其中有些词既是副词，又是形容词，如:early, hourly, monthly… ,误, You can speak free in front of your friends. ,正, You can speak freely in front of your friends. ,析, free作为形容词意为"自由的，有空闲的，免费的"。作为副词讲则是"免费"之意。而freely作为副词则是"自由的，随便的"。这些要注意的词还有:hard 努力，艰苦 hardly 几乎不 late 迟，晚lately 最近的，最新的 near 近 nearly 几乎like 像 likely 几乎 ,误, They must have arrived till now. ,正, They must have arrived by now. ,析, by now是用于表达到目前为止某一动作已经发生，所以应用瞬间动词。而till now是强调某一动作一直持续到现在，所以一定要用持续性动词。must have+过去分词是对过去某一事情所作的肯定推测。 ,误, Someone called you right now. ,正, Someone called you just now. ,析, just now有两个意思，其一是"刚才"，其二是"现在"，而right now只能用于现在的状态。just则用于完成时态，如: I have just finished my homework. ,误, My father will be back from America at present. ,正, My father will be back from America presently. ,析, presently有两个意思:其一是最近，不久，其二在美语中是现在之意，与at present相同。而for the present为暂时，如: I teach English in the school for the present. ,误, I'll be back at the moment. ,正, I'll be back in a moment. ,析, at the moment 其意为"现在，当时"，而in a moment意为"马上过一会"，与in a minute意思相近。 ,误, The train from Shanghai will arrive here in time. ,正, T he train from Shanghai will arrive here on time. ,析, on time为"准时"，而in time有两个含意。其一是"及时"，如:The doctor arrived in time。其二是"将来，终究"。 ,误, I met an old friend sometimes last month. ,正, I met an old friend sometime last month. ,析, Sometime 过去，或者将来某时。Sometimes 有时 如: Sometimes I go to school by bus.Some time 一些时间 如: I need sometime to do my homework. Some times 几次 如: I went to Shanghai sometimes this month. at times 有时，偶尔 at all times 经常 some other time 改天 ,误, I had met an old friend three days ago. ,正, I had met an old friend three days before. ,正, I met an old friend three days ago. * ago 用在时间状语中时，主句中谓语动词一般用过去时，而before用于时间状语时则主句的谓语动词宜用完成时态。 ,误, He studied very hard. and at the end he passed the exam. ,正, He studied very hard, and in the end he passed the exam. ,析, in the end,at last 意为"最终，终于"，表达经过若干努力而达到的结果。而at the end是在某事的结束时如何如何，如:At the end of class, the teacher gave us some story books。 ,误, I will come here to help you each three days. ,正, I will come here to help you every three days. ,析, every three days 为"每三天"，即每隔二天，而every other day为每隔一天。 ,误, He didn't go to the cinema yesterday. and I didn't go, too. ,正, He didn't go to the cinema yesterday and I didn't go either. ,析, 英语中表示"也"，有4个字，also, as well, too, either，但either用于否定句中，而前3个用于肯定句中。在肯定句中too与as well一般要用在句尾，而also则可用于句中。如:She went to the party and her boy friend went there too. 又如: I've also read her other novels. ,误, We should help the poor girl in anyway. ,正, We should help the poor girl in any way. ,析, anyway为"不管怎么"讲，"无论如何"，如:What a terrible accident, anyway no one was hurt. any way 为"任何方式"。这种常见的错误还发生在以下几组词中，如: everyday 日常的 every day 每天 faraway 遥远的 far away 远离 altogether 总计 all together 一块，大家一起 already 已经 all ready 全准备好了 ,误, You can come to the doctor's at anytime. ,正, You can come to the doctor's at any time. ,析, anytime 是副词 而any time中的time是名词。 ,误, She said nearly nothing. ,正, She said almost nothing. ,析, nearly 与 almost的含意相近，在很多场合可以互换，但在否定词前用almost。 ,误, There are too much mistakes in your homework. ,正, There are too many mistakes in your homework. ,析, too much 后接不可数名词，如:There is too much water for the flowers. 而too many 后加可数名词，much too 后面加形容词，如:It is much too difficult to learn English well. ,误, It is late enough that we can go home now. ,正, It is late enough for us to go home now. ,析,要注意的是enough后面一般不接从句而接不定式，或不定式的复合结构:for somebody to do something。 ,误, The twins are very alike. ,正, The twins are much alike. ,析,用a为首字母的形容词不能用very修饰，一般要用much来修饰。 ,误, - How long does he write to his parents? - Once a week. ,正, - How often does he write to his parents? - Once a week. ,析,英文与中文表达法不同，隔多长时间办一次某事，实际上问的是该事发生的频率，所以要用how often。 ,误, As soon as I arrive in New York, I'll call up you. ,正, As soon as I arrive in New York, I'll call you up. ,析,当动词词组的宾语是人称代词时则一定要放于动词之后，如果是名词则可以放在词组其后。如:I want to watch TV. Please turn on the TV. 也可以讲: Please turn the TV on. ,误, He drove quickly his new car. ,正, He drove his new car quickly. ,析,副词在句中的位置很活，但主要有以下几种用法:?实意动词之前，如:He quickly give me the answer. ? 在be动词之后，如:The little boy is often late for class. ? 第一助动词之后，如:This book has almost been finished. ? 在单独使用的be动词和助动词之前，如: Can you help me this afternoon? I certainly can.但是 无论如何也不能将副词置于动词与宾语之间，如果是宾语从句或是很长的名词 词组作宾语则才可以这样用: He heard clearly what the teacher said. ,误, The children came late yesterday to the cinema. ,正, The children came late to the cinema yesterday. ,析,表示一定长度的时间的副词不应放于句中，可放于句尾。如果表示强调则可放于句首。 ,误, You have few new books, haven't you? ,正, you have few new books, have you? ,析,英语中的数量形容词有两组。修饰可数名词的有few(很少，几乎没有)，a few(有一些，几个);修饰 不可数名词的有little (很少，几乎没有)，a little(有一点，有一些)。要注意的是当few和little用于句中时应 看作否定句，而 a few 和a little 用于句中时则应看作是肯定句。 中学生英语学习常见错误,5,,连词 ,误, Both my parents are not here. They went to the concert just now. ,正, Neither of my parents is here. They went to the concert just now. ,析,在英语中both一般用于肯定句中，如用于否定句中，其意义也不同于汉语，如:Both of us are not right. 在英语中应被理解为"我们俩不都对。"而Neither of us is right。 才能被理解为"我们俩无一正确"。 ,误, He or his parents has some tickets for the film. ,正, He or his parents have some tickets for the film. ,析, 由or 连接两主语时，谓语动词应与相临近的那一个主语保持一致。 ,误, You should study hard, and you won't pass the exam. ,正, You should study hard, or you won't pass the exam. ,析, or作为连词，这里的意思为"否则"。又如:Hurry up, or you'll be late for school. ,误, Though he is poor, but he is ready to help others. ,正, Though he is poor, he is ready to help others. ,正, He is poor, but he is ready to help others. ,析, "虽然……但是"是中文中的常用结构，但在英文中用了"虽然"则不要用"但是"，用了"但是"则不能 再用"虽然"，二者只可用其一。 ,误, Either you or I are on duty. ,正, Either you or I am on duty. ,析, either…or 连接两个主语时，其谓语动词与相临近的一个主语相呼应，这也叫作就近原则。类似的 用法还有or, neither… nor, not only…but also等。 ,误, Tom is our English teacher and teaching English in our school now. ,正, Tom is our English teacher and is teaching English in our school now. ,析,并列句中常常在后面的句子中作一些省略，以免重复，但不是所有词都可作任意的省略的。当你连 接的是两个系动词时，后面的那个系动词不可省略，也就是讲连接的部分不可省略。 ,误, My father likes swimming and to collect stamps. ,正, My father likes swimming and collecting stamps. ,析,由并列连词连接的两个部分要保持相等的语法结构。如是动名词则都用动名词，如用不定式则都应 用不定式，这是初学者要注意的一点。 ,误, My father is reading a newspaper, I am doing my homework. ,正, My father is reading a newspaper while I am doing my homework. ,析, 两个并列句中间不可用逗号连接，要用并列连词来连接。 ,误, My father asked me that if I wanted to learn how to drive. ,正, My father asked me if I wanted to learn how to drive. ,析, 宾语从句的连接词只能有一个不能重复使用。 ,误, We will go both to Beijing and Shanghai. ,正, We will go to both Beijing and Shanghai. ,析,用both…and…作连接词时，其相连接的部分结构也要相同。 ,误, Not only Mary but also her brothers is going to dance. ,正, Not only Mary but also her brothers are going to dance. ,析, 由not only… but also…连接两个主语时，其重点在其后面的那一个主语，所以谓语形式应采用就近 原则。 ,误, The teacher as well as his students are coming. ,正, The teacher as well as his students is coming. ,析, 由as well as 连接两个主语时，谓语动词与as well as 后面的名词无关，而与前面的名词相一致。 ,误, Tom does not swim nor play football. ,正, Tom does not swim or play football. ,析, nor主要用于连接句子的对等连词，如在否定句中连接某一部分时要用or, 但要注意句子的含意， 如:This animal does not like a cow or a horse. 这个动物既不像牛也不像马。This animal does not like a cow but a horse. 这个动物不像牛而像马。 ,误, For there is no light in the classroom. The students must have gone home. ,正, The students must have gone home, for there is no light in the classroom. ,析,由for引出的原因状语从句在使用时要注意不能将该从句置于句首，而应置于主句之后，并在主句 与从句之间加一逗号。更要注意的是because, as, since与for 4个表示原因的连词中because是因果关系，是 最强的一个，而for是最弱的一个。有些语法书中干脆把for叫做并列连词 ,误, My brother will pass the English exam is no question. ,正, That my brother will pass the English exam is no question. ,析,主语从句的引导词that是不可省略的。这一点不要和宾语从句的引导词相提并论。 ,误, This map will show you how will you get to the hotel. ,正, This map will show you how you will get to the hotel. ,析,名词性从句作宾语从句使用时，最重要的一点是要用陈述语句。特别要注意的是那些使用双宾语的 动词，如:tell, ask, show… ,误, While the clock struch ten, all the lights went out. ,正, When the clock struck ten, all the lights went out. ,析, while是强调两个动作在同时进行中，如:While I am doing myhomework, my father is reading a newspaper. 而这里的when是"正当某某时刻"，"就在这一时间点上"，其重点强调在某一特定时刻某动作的 发生。 ,误, While I was walking along the street yesterday, I met an old friend. ,正, When I was walking along the street yesterday, I met an old friend. ,析,这里用when表达在一个动作的进行中，另一个动作突然发生了。正在进行的动作用一进行时态， 而突然发生的动作用一般时态。 ,误, While I heard the bad news I felt sad. ,正, When I heard the bad news, I felt sad. ,析, while不能表达一点儿的时间，即瞬时某一时间点。 ,误, After school some students play football, or others go to the library. ,正, After school some students play football, while others go to the library. ,析, while在此处意为"而，然而"。 ,误, She sang when she walked along the dark street. ,正, She sang as she walked along the dark street. ,析, as用于句中时，其要点是强调两个动作的同时进行。这里用when虽然不能讲是语法上的错误，但 则看不出来小女孩因独自走黑暗的街道因害怕而唱歌的心情。 ,误, I finished my homework until twelve o'clock last night. ,正, I didn't finish my homework until twelve o'clock last night. ,正, I did my homework until twelve o'clock last night. ,析, until用在句中时其含义是某一动作一直持续到某时结束，那么句中的动词则一定要用持续性动词， 如果要用瞬间，或截止性动词时一定要用否定句式。因截止性动作的否定式应看作是持续性的动作。如离 开leave是瞬间动作，因一出门即为离开了，而不离开则是长时间的。 ,误, I have studied English when I was twelve. ,正, I have studied English since I was twelve. ,析, since引出的时间状语从句是表达了一个时间点，而这个时间点是主句动作的启始点，所以主句一 般要用完成时态。 ,误, Because he didn't study hard, so he didn't pass the exam. ,正, He didn't pass the exam because he didn't study hard. ,析, because 与 so在英文中两者不能并用的，只能在句中用其一。 ,误, He was such excited that he could not speak. ,正, He was so excited that he could not speak. ,析, so与such的用法可以分为四种情况，?用于单数可数名词之前，其格式是such+不定冠词+形容词 +单数可数名词，如:It is such a beautiful book that every child likes it. 也可以用so, 其格式是so+形容词+不 定冠词+单数可数名词，如:It was so beautiful a book that every child likes it. ?在不可数名词前或可数名词 复数前这时只能用such, 如:It is such good weather that we want to swim. 又如:They are such good students that they can pass the exam easily. ?在few, little， much, many 这4个字前只能用so而不能用such, 如:I have so much money that I can buy everything I want. ?当that前只有形容词或副词时，这时只能用so, 如: She is so beautiful that every one likes her. He ran so fast that I couldn't keep up with him. ,误, He got up earlier this morning so as to that he could catch the first bus. ,正, He got up earlier this morning so as to catch the first bus. ,正, He got up so earlier that he could catch the first bus. ,析, so…that与so that的用法有相同之处，那就是其后接从句，而so as to 其后要接不定式，即动词原 形。这样的词组还有:in order to。 ,误, I want to buy same stamp that you have. ,正, I want to buy the same stamp as you have. ,析, the same…as (that)这是个固定用法，在same前的定冠词是不能少的。而the same…that意为"我要 的就是那一个"。而the s ame…as为"要的是和……一样的东西"。 ,误, Before I do not give you the answer, I'll ask you some questions. ,正, Before I give you the answer, I'll ask you some questions. ,析,这种错误是由于受中文的影响。在中文中可以讲"我没给你答案前"。而英文用了before就不要再用 否定句了。 中学生英语学习常见错误,7,,数词 ,误, 1107 should be read as a thousand a hundred as seven. ,正, 1107 should be read as one thousand one hundred and seven. ,析, 在读数字时，如:and前只有百或千时，用one hundred/ one thousand 还是a hundred /a thousand全 是可以的。但如果文有百又有千时，则只能用one不要用a。如果没有and时，如:1100也只能读作one thousand one hundred 或eleven hundred. ,误, I drove about half mile. ,正, I drove about half a mile. ,析, 半小时为half an hour, 半天为half a day, 半镑为half a pound, 尽量避免用half a year, half a month, 要 用six months, two weeks 或 fifteen days 要注意的是Half of the work is done Half of the books are sold. 当 Half 作名词时，其谓语动词要看of后面的名词而定。如名词是不可数名词则用单数谓语动词，如是复数名 词时，则要用复数谓语动词。要注意的是一个半的表达法，如:One and a half apples is left on the table.其名 词要用复数，但谓语动词则要用单数。 ,误, 60 students are playing on the ground. ,正, Sixty students are playing on the ground. ,析,在句首的数字要用文字而不要用阿拉伯数字，如数字过大则应放于句中，用阿拉伯数字。如: There are 166 students playing on the ground. ,误, He became famous around fifty years old. ,正, He became famous in his fifties. ,析, in his fifties 50多岁时，而in the fiflies 在50年代。 ,误, There are about two thousands workers in our factory. ,正, There are about two thousand workers in our factory ,析,几千，几百的表达法是基数词加thousand或加hundred,而且均不要加s。这样的单位还有dozen(打)， score (20年)等。 ,误, In the morning there are hundred of old people walking in the park. ,正, In the morning there are hundreds of old people walking in the park. ,析, 当表达数百，数千时，要用hundreds of和thousands of 这一结构。 ,误, The class begins at eight a. m. ,正, The class begins at 8 a. m. ,析, 与符号或与缩写的字母连用时一定要用数字，如:43%， 67, No.2… ,误, Twofifth of the books are sold out. ,正, Twofifths of the books are sold out. ,析,分数表示法，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，但分子大于1时，分母要在序数词后加s。 ,误, Tom was born on July eighteen. ,正, Tom was born on July eighteenth. ,析, 月日的表达法有美语和英语两种。 美语 July 18 读作 July eighteenth 英语 July 18th 读作 July the eighteenth ,误, I'll go to school at 7?,, a. m. in the morning. ,正, I'll go to school at 7?,, a. m/ at 7?,, in the morning. ,析, a. m 即表达在早上之意，不要再用in the morning. ,误, The film will begin at three quarters past one. ,正, The film will begin at one quarter to two. ,析,大于30分钟时不要使用past，而要用差多少不到几点的to来表达。 ,误, Three time three is nine. ,正, Three times three is nine. ,析, times 此处作为"乘"讲一定要加s。英语中乘除法表达式如下: 算法 种类 例 句 加法 一般 Five and six is eleven. 正式 Five plus six is (equals) eleven. 减法 一般 Eight take away four leaves (is) four. Four from Eight leaves (is) four. 正式 Eight minus four equals (is) four. 乘法 一般 Three fours are twelve 3×4=12 Three times four equals (is) twelve. 正式 一般 Two in to four is two. 正式 Four divided by two equals two. 中学生英语学习常见错误,8,,?介词 ,误, We got to the top of the mountain in daybreak. ,正, We got to the top of the mountain at day break. ,析, at用于具体时刻之前，如:sunrise， midday， noon， sunset， midnight， night. ,误, Don?t sleep at daytime ,正, Don?t sleep in daytime. ,析, in 要用于较长的一段时间之内，如:in the morning / afternoon， 或 in the week / month / year. 或 in spring / supper /autumn / winter等等。 ,误, We visited the old man in Sunday afternoon. ,正, We visited the old man on Sunday afternoon. ,析, in the morning， in the afternoon 如果在这两个短语中加入任何修饰词其前面的介词都要改为on， 如:on a cold morning， on the morning of July 14th ,误, He became a writter at his twenties ,正, He became a writter in his twenties ,析,这句话应译为:他在20多岁时就成了作家。在某人的一段生活时间段中要用介词in来表示，而在具体岁数时用at来表示。 ,误, He went to New York to find a job in sixteen years old. ,正, He went to New York to find a job at sixteen.来源:www.examda.com ,析, 在具体年岁前用at， 如:at the age of 12， at your age，等等。 ,误, We went to swim in the river in a very hot day. ,正, We went to swim in the river on a very hot day. ,析, 具体某一天要用介词on， 又如:on New Year„s Day ,误, I?m looking forward to seeing you on Christmas. ,正, I?m looking for ward to seeing you at Christmas. ,析,在节日的当天用on，而全部节日期间用at，Christmas是圣诞节期间，一般要有两周或更长的时间。 ,误, I haven?t see you during the summer holidays. ,正, I haven?t seen you since the beginning of the summer holidays. ,析, during表示在某一段时间之内，所以一般不与完成时搭配，如:I visited a lot of museums during the holiday. 而for表示一段时间，可以用于完成时，如:I haven„t see you for a long time. 而through 用来表示时间时则为“整整，全部的时间”。如:It rained through the night.而since则是表达主句动作的起始时间，一般要与完成时连用。 ,误, At entering the classroom， I heard the good news. ,正, On entering the classroom， I heard the good news. ,析, On 加动名词表示“一……就”。本句的译文应是:我一进入教室就听见这个好消息了。又如:on hearing… 一听见， on arrival 一到达就……(on表示动作的名词) ,误, In the beginning of the book， there are some interesting stories. ,正, At the beginning of the book， there are some interesting stories. ,析, at the begining与at the end都是指某事物的开始与结束部分，均不指时间范围，而in the beginning 则是指开始一段时间。in the end,at last是指“最终，终于”之意。 ,误, Till the end of next week. I will have finished this work. ,正, By the end of next week. I will have finished this work. ,析, by 引起的时间状语表示了动作的截止点，其意思为“不迟于某一时刻将工作做完”，所以主句一般是完成时态。当然可以有将来时态，如:I„ll be there by five o?clock.而till则表达其一动作一直持续到某一时刻，但句中的动词一定要用持续性动词，而瞬间的截止性动词应用其否定句式，如:I won„t finish this work till(until) next weekend. ,误, He came to London before last weekend. ,正, He had come to London before last weekend. ,正, He came to London two weeks ago. ,析, before 一般要与完成时连用，而ago则与一般过去时连用。 ,误, I have studied English for three years gince I had come here. ,正, I have studied English for three years since I came here. ,析, since用来表达主句动作的开始时间，所以其引出的从句中应为过去时，而不能用完成时态 ,误, I can help you repair this bike. You will get it after two hours. ,正, I can help you repair this bike. You will get it in two hours. ,析,中文经常讲两小时之后来取，两天内会修好，而这个介词在英文中要用in而不要用after.其原因有二，?after 多用于过去时，如:I arrived in New York. After three days， I found a job in the bank. ? after 加时间是表达一个不确定的时间范围，如:after three days， 即三天之后的哪一天都可以。所以在许诺若干时间内会完成某事时，一定要用介词in. ,误, Three days after he died. ,正, After three days he died. ,正, Three days later he died. ,析, after 与 later都可以用来表达一段时间之后，但它们所处的位置不同，after 在时间词前，而later在时间词后。 ,误, She hid herself after the tree. ,正, She hid herself behind the tree. ,析, after多用来表达某动作之后，所以有的语法书中称它为动态介词，如:I run after him. After finishing my homework， I went to see a film. 而behind则多用于静态事物之后。 ,误, There is a beautiful bird on the tree. ,正, There is a beautiful bird in the tree. ,析, 树上长出的果实，树叶要用on， 而其他外来的人、物体均要用in the tree. ,误, Shanghai is on the east of China. ,正, Shanghai is in the east of China. ,析, 在表达地理位置时有3个介词:in， on， to. in表示在某范围之内; on表示与某地区接壤;to则表示不相接。如:Japan is to the east of China. ,误, I arrived at New York on July 2nd. ,正, I arrived in New York on July 2nd. ,析, at用来表达较小的地方，而in用来表达较大的地方。at常用于at the school gate， at home， at a bus stop， at the station， at the cinema， at a small village. ,误, He lived in No. 3 Beijing Road. ,正, He lived at No. 3 Beijing Road. ,析, 在门牌号码前要用at， 并要注意它的惯用法:at the end of the street， at the foot of the mountain， at the top of the page. ,误, There is a colour TV set at the corner of the hall. ,正, There is a colour TV set in the corner of the hall. ,析, 在屋内的角落应用in，而墙的外角用at，如:There is a tree at the corner of the street. ,误, This weekend I?ll stay in Uncle Wang?s. ,正, This weekend I?ll stay at Uncle Wang?s. ,析, 要注意英文的特殊表达法，如:at a tailor?s shop (裁缝店),at a tailor?s， at the doctor?s (去看病) at the bookseller?s (在书店) at uncle Wang?s (在王叔叔家) ,误, Do you know there is some good news on today?s newspaper, ,正, Do you know there is some good news in today?s newspaper, ,析, 在报纸上的新闻要用in， 而在具体某一版上，或某一页上则要用on. ,误, The school will begin on September 1st. ,正, School will begin on September 1st. ,析,这里的school应看作不可数名词泛指学校的课程，即开学之意。要注意，有些活动场所当表达正在从事该种活动时不要加冠词，如:at table (吃饭)， When I came to Tom?s home， they were at table. 还有: at desk (学习)，at work (工作) at school (上学)， in hospital (住医院) at church 作礼拜如加上定冠词则另有他意，如:at the school 即在学校工作或办事，in the hospital 即在医院工作或去看望病人。 ,误, In my way to the station， I bought a newspaper to kill time. ,正, On my way to the station， I bought a newspaper to kill time. ,析,译文为:在去车站的路上我买了份报纸，为的是消磨时光“在……的路上”应用on one„s way…。而 in the way 有挡道之意，如:Please move the chair it is in the way. ,误, Look， the door is open， Maybe someone broke into. ,正, Look， the door is open， Maybe someone broke in. ,正, Look， the door is open， Maybe someone broke into the office. ,析, in是表达一个静止状态，在与break连用时其后不加介词宾语，而into则是动态介词，与break连用时要加介词宾语。 ,误, I?ll leave Beijing to Shanghai tomorrow. ,正, I?ll leave Beijing for Shanghai. ,正, I?ll leave for Shanghai. ,析, leave for 是离开某地去某处的固定搭配，不可将for改为别的介词。这样的搭配还有:start for 动身前往某处，set out for， sail for. ,误, I?m sorry. I have to get out the bus at next stop. ,正, I?m sorry. I have to get out of the bus at next stop. ,析, get in， 与 get out是两个相反的词组。get in 为上车，而get out为下车，但语法家认为这里的in与out为副词，所以其后不能接名词，我们可以讲We?d better get in. 或We?d better get out. 还有一组词组有关上下车:get on,off(a train， a ship， a struck) get into,out of (a car， taxi…) ,误, Be careful The temperature of the water is ninety degrees over zero. ,正, Be careful. The temperature of the water is ninety degrees above zero. ,析, over 与 above 在作为比某物高的意思时有时可以互换。但在垂直方向上的高矮时，即正上方时则要用above.而泛指上方时用over. 中学生英语学习常见错误,9,,?动词 ,误, She laid down and soon fell asleep. ,正, She lay down and soon fell asleep. ,析,考试中常出现的是易混动词lay放，lie躺，lie说谎。它们的过去时、过去分词和现在分词变化如下: lay (放) laid， laid， laying (及物动词) lie (躺) lay， lain， lying (不及物动词) lie (说谎) lied， lied， lying ,误, Please rise your hand. ,正, Please raise your hand. ,析, rise 是不及物动词，其后不能接宾语，如:The sun rises in the east.而raise是及物动词。 ,误, I like to swim very much， but I don?t like swimming this afternoon.来源:www.examda.com ,正, I like swimming very much， but I don?t like to swim this afternoon. ,析, like作为“喜欢”讲时，可以接动名词也可以接不定式，但接动名词时多表达一种习惯性动作。而接不定式则侧重于表达一次性、特殊性的动作。但要注意的是like 与would连用时则一定要接不定式，如:Would you like to go with me,再有一点要注意的是，like作为介词“像”讲时，只能用分词作其宾语。 ,误, Stop～ Did you listen to a strange voice, ,正, Stop～ Did you hear a strange voice, ,析, hear的侧重点是听到、听见什么，而listen to 的侧重点为听的倾向，如:listen～ Do you hear someone calling help,这样的词还有look与see.它们的侧重点也不同，look重于“看”的倾向，而see重于看见没看见。 ,误, Did you watch some film recently, ,正, Did you see some film recently, ,析, 英语中see 与 watch 各有不同的用处，see用于看电影、剧目，而watch用作看电视和看球赛。 ,误, Look. A beautiful lamp hanged from the ceiling. ,正, Look. A beautiful lamp hung from the ceiling. hung;? “绞刑”，这时它是规 ,析, hang有两个含义，? “挂”，它的过去时与过去分词是hung， 则动词，其过去式与过去分词则为hanged， hanged. ,误, How long can I borrow this book, ,正, How long can I keep this book, ,析, “借”在英文中有三个词，? 借入，即borrow，如:May I borrow some books from the library,? 借出，如:I can lend my bike to you.? 借多久要用keep， 因为borrow与lend都是截止性动词，而keep是延续性动词。如 How long can I keep it, ,误, We have won your class. ,正, We have beaten your class. ,析, win是及物动词，其后面的宾语应是比赛、战争、奖品、奖金。而beat的宾语，应是人、队、班级等等，如:We won the game. ,误, I left my key. ,正, I forgot my key. ,正, I left my key at home. ,析, leave是“丢下”，其后一定要接地点状语，而forget其后不要接地点状语。 ,误, Oh～ It?s raining outside. Please bring the rain coat with you. ,正, Oh～ It?s raining outside. Please take this rain coat with you. ,析, bring为“带来”如:Next time bring your little sister here.而take为“带走”，fetch为“去某处取什么回来”，如:Please fetch some coffee for us要熟记的是在初中课文中与take有关的词组，如: take away 拿走 take back 收回 take down 取下take off 脱下 take…out 拿出 take place 发生 take hold of 拿住 take part in 参加 take a seat 坐下take one?s place 替代 take a look 看看 take one?s turn 轮流 take a message 捎信 take care of 照看 take it easy 别着急take one?s time 慢慢来 take one?s temperature 测量体温 ,误, The policeman reached his gun. ,正, The policeman reached for his gun. ,析, reach作“到达”讲时是及物动词，如:I reached the hotel at 8?30但作“伸手去拿”，则要用reach for something.作为“到达”讲时还有arrive (in+大地方)(at，较小的地方)和get to.要注意的是与get有关的词组有: get back 回来 get in 收割 get into 进入 get off 下车 get on 上车 get out 出去 get up 起床 get to 到达 get ready for=be ready for get on well with 与人相处融洽 get 加比较级为变得如何，例如: get colder and colder. ,误, This dictionary spent me five dollars. ,正, This dictionary cost me five dollars. ,析, 英文中的“花费”有4个spend， cost， take 和 pay，其中spend 与pay所在句中的主语应为人，如:I spent two hours in doing my homework. I paid five dallars for the book.而cost与take的主语则是事物，如:It takes me two years to finish this book. ,误, In summer I always sleep with the windows opened. ,正, In summer I always sleep with the windows open. ,正, I always sleep with the windows closed. ,析,要注意open是动词也是形容词，而close则要用其过去分词作形容词。 ,误, Please wait a minute. I?m having on my clothes. ,正, Please wait a minute. I?m putting on my clothes. ,析,英语中的穿衣服要分状态，是什么样的穿着打扮，还是穿衣服的动作两类动词。表示穿着状态的词有have on， wear，在用法上have on不宜用进行时态，它多用一般时态，如:She has on a new school dress. 而wear则多用进行时来表示状态，如:She is wearing a new sweater.在表示动作的词中put on是常用的一词。dress用作动词当“穿衣”讲时其后宾语不应接衣物，而要接人，如:My children were very young they couldn„t dress themselves.在表示穿着状态时用其过去分词当形容词，如:He is dressed in white. ,误, My computer can?t begin. Could you find someone to help me, ,正, My computer can?t start. Could you find someone to help me, ,析, begin与start均可指“开始”，而且常常可以互换，如:School begins (starts) at 8 a. m. 但是在两种情况下不宜用be gin 而要用start， ? 当作机器开动、发动讲，如:My car can„t start. There must be something wrong with it. ? 作为“旅途开始”讲，如:We should have to start early. There was a lot of traffic on the road. ,误, I?m very glad because I have founded my lost key. ,正, I?m very glad because I have found my lost key. ,析, find是不规则动词，它的过去式和过去分词是found， found，而found又是另外一词“建立”，它是规则动词，其过去式与过去分词是founded founded， 如:The People?s Republic of China was founded in 1949. ,误, Please. Let?s speak in English. ,正, Please. Let?s speak English. ,正, Please. Let?s talk in English. ,误, Can you speak it English, ,正, Can you say it in English, ,析, 英文中“说”有4个常用词say， tell， speak， talk.其中不及物动词有speak和talk，如:I want to talk with you.We are talking about the new film.而speak其后接语言时是及物动词，其他情况是不及物动词。 say 与tell是及物动词，其中tell常用双宾语，如:Tell us a story.但用于讲实话或谎话时也用单宾语。如: Tell the truth. ,误, Can you say Japanese from Chinese, ,正, Can you tell Japanese from Chinese, ,析, tell…from为固定词组，即分辨两者的不同。 ,误, Excuse me， did I step on your foot, ,正, Oh， sorry， did I step on your foot, ,析, excuse me用于未打扰对方前，以提醒对方注意的用语，而sorry则是由于自己已做的事向对方道歉。 ,误, Would you care for to swim with us, ,正, Would you care to swim with us, ,析, care for 后接不定式时，要省略for，或换用名词，如:Would you care for a cup of tea. care for 作“照顾”讲时与look after相同。在初中阶段学习与for有关的词组有: ask for 请求 call for 接人，请人 care for 关心 go in for 从事 answer for 负责 look for 寻找 wait for 等待 send for 请人 pay for 付款 search for 寻找 leave for 去某地 prepare for 准备 thank somebody for something 为某事向某人道谢。 ,误, Are you understanding it, Yes， I got to it. ,正, Do you understand it, Yes， I got it. ,析, understand这一词没有进行时态，如同感观动词love、hate… I got it 是美语，即I understood it. 要记住get 作为“到达”讲时是不及物动词，如:I?ll get to the school at 8 a. m.初中范围常用与to有关的动词词组如下: belong to 属于 come to 苏醒 point to (at) 指着get to 到达 refer to 谈到 stick to 坚持lead to 导致 turn to 翻到 look forward to 期望agree to 同意 ,误, The meat has gone badly. ,正, The meat has gone bad. ,析, 英语中go， get， become， turn作为转变时，其后接形容词，这时这些动词应被看作系动词。 中学生英语学习常见错误,10,,句式 ,误, The stories in that book was written many years ago ,正, The stories in that book were written many years ago. ,析,作主语的名词、代词或不定式、动名词，它们往往要带有修饰词，这些词可能是形容词，也可能是短语，但谓语动词还是要取决于这个主语的数，要记住的是一个名词不可能在同一句中作两个不同的语法成份，如: book 作了 of 的介词宾语则不可能再作主语了。 ,误, To read many books are good for you ,正, To read many books is good for you ,析, 不定式作主语应该看作单数主语。 ,误, What he said are right ,正, What he said is right ,析, 从句作主语一定要按单数主语看待。 ,误, The rich is not always happy ,正, The rich are not always happy ,析, 形容词，定冠词表示一类人，谓语动词应用复数，如: The young are very interested in study and sports ,误, The school master and writer are coming ,正, The school master and writer is coming ,析, 本句应译为:校长兼作家就要来了。而 The school master and the writer are coming则要译为:校长和一个作家要来了。在英语表达法中确实有 The girl and boy are playing on the grass这应译为:一个女孩，一个男孩在操场上玩。因为不可能这样两个概念作用在一个人身上。又如: the husband and wife 夫妻二人。 ,误, You or she go to get some water for us ,正, You or she goes to get some water for us ,析, 由 or 连接的两个主语应以离谓语动词近的那一个计算其数。这样的用法还有 either … or，neither … nor， not only … but also 也有人称作"就近原则"。 ,误, The teacher with a lot of students come into the classroom ,正, The teacher with a lot of students comes into the classroom ,析, 真正的主语是 the teacher， 而 with 短语是伴随状态，不影响主语的数。 ,误, My glasses is broken ,正, My glasses are broken ,误, This pair of glasses are good ,正, This pair of glasses is good ,误, These kinds of butter is good. ,正, These kinds of butter are good ,析, 英语中有些名词只有复数形式，如: glasses 眼镜， shorts 短裤等。如没有量词在前时，要用复数谓语动词，但有了量词之后则要按量词的单复数计算。 ,误, One of the boys are going to take part in the match ,正, One of the boys is going to take part in the match ,析, One of 结构应以 one 来计算主语的数。 ,误, Half of the work are done ,正, Half of the work is done ,误, Half of the books is read ,正, Half of the books are read ,析, 在小于1的数量词作主语时，如: , , ，,,,，,(,,… ， of ，名词，这时主语的数应按 of 后面的名词计算。如果名词是不可数名词或可数名词单数，则谓语动词要用单数，如名词是复数则要用复数谓语动词。 ,误, Each sides are full of trees ,正, Each side is full of trees ,误, Both side is full of trees ,正, Both sides are full of trees ,析, each， either 其后都要加单数名词，而 both 后要加复数名词。如: each， either， another， little， a little， much等作主语时，谓语动词全部要用单数形式。 ,误, The boys each has an apple ,正, The boys each have an apple ,析, each 作同位语时，不影响句子的主语。 ,误, Everyone of us has a ticket for the concert ,正, Every one of us has a ticket for the concert ,析, everyone， someone， everybody … 在作主语时都不能加 of 结构。 ,误, Girls like dancing very much， but few likes playing football ,正, Girls like dancing very much， but few like playing football ,析, few 虽然含意上是"几乎没有"，但作主语时仍要当作复数。 ,误, The number of the workers in that factory are two hundred ,正, The number of the workers in that factory is two hundred ,析, the number of 意为:某某的数字是…… 如: the number of students 学生人数， the number of players 运动员人数。不论数字如何都应看作单数。而 a number of 与 many 意思相同，其后加可数名词复数，谓 语动词用复数形式。如: A number of students are playing on the grass ,误, The rest of the students is here ,正, The rest of the students are here ,误, The rest of the work are done ,正, The rest of the work is done ,析, the rest of 的用法与,,,，一半，,,,， of 的结构一致， of 后面为可数名词复数时用复数 谓语动词，为不可数名词或可数名词单数时用单数谓语动词。这样用法还有 lots of， a lot of， plenty of。 ,误, The news in today's newspaper are not bad ,正, The news in today's newspaper is not bad ,析, 有些以 s 结尾的名词要用作不可数名词，它们是:news， physics， mathematics， thanks， … ,误, The Chinese is kind and friendly ,正, The Chinese are kind and friendly ,析, Chinese 作为中文来讲是单数名词，但作为中国人讲是单复同形的名词。如: one Chinese， two Chinese … 而 The Chinese , The people of China 要用复数谓语动词。 ,误, This dictionary is too expensive for me Ten dollars are a big sum for me ,正, This dictionary is too expensive for me Ten dollars is a big sum for me ,析, 表示一段时间，一笔金钱，一段距离，都应看作单数名词。 ,误, Who are going to take part in our football match? ,正, Who is going to take part in our football match? ,析, 用 who 提问时，习惯上用单数谓语动词，但 which 则要视其情况而定，如: which are better these shoeses or those shoes? 又如: which is better this one or that one? ,误, What a hot weather it is! ,误, How hot the weather it is! ,正, What hot weather it is! ,正, How hot the weather is! ,析, 感叹句是用来表达说话人的喜怒哀乐的感情。它由 what 与 how 作句子的开始，判定是用 what 还 是用 how 的最好是将它们换为陈述句，比如: What the hot weather it is! 应转换为: It is the hot weather 那么句子的起点是单词 it。再来看感叹句中 it 前有不可数名词 weather， 则只能用 what。再看 第二句 How hot the weather is! 转为陈述句时为: The weather is hot这时句子的开始单词为 the weather， 再来看感叹句在 the weather 前只有形容词，所以应用 how。 至于是用 what a 还是 what 要看名词的具体情况而定，单数可数名词加 what a 其余的加用 what。 ,误, We have to sing this， have we? ,误, We have to sing this， haven't we? ,正, We have to sing this, don't we? ,析, 在反意疑问句中除了的一些常规外，有一些例外: shall we? Let's go home， Let us go home， will you? She had to leave， didn't she? Do your homework at once， will you? There is not much good news in today's newspaper， is there? Neither of them are right， are they? I think he will come to the party won't he? think 后的宾语从句，与其他宾语从句不一样，在初中只有这样一个较特殊的词。这样的句子的反意疑问句的主语要用宾语从句中的主语，其助动词要用宾语从句的助动词，而肯定还是否定要看主句谓语动词而定，如: I don't think he is coming to our party， is he? ,误, I want to know where does he live ,正, I want to know where he lives ,析, 宾语从句中一律要用陈述语序，而不用疑问语序。 ,误, - I haven't got a ticket for the football match - Nor I have ,正, - I haven't got a ticket for the football match - Nor (Neither) have I ,析, nor， neither 用在简答否定句中时要采用倒装语序。在肯定句的简答句中则要用so， 如: I do my homework very quickly， So does Mary ,误, Look! Here the bus comes! ,正, Look! Here comes the bus! ,误, Look! Here comes he! ,正, Look! Here he comes ,析, 在 there， here 打头的句子中，如果主语是名词，则要采用倒装语序;如果是人称代词则用一般语序。 ,误, Do you want Mary to go to the cinema with us? No， I don't hope so ,正, Do you want Mary to go to the cinema with us? No， I hope not ,析, 我不这样想，可用 I don't think so 但 hope 的否定简答句只能用 I hope not这是习惯用法但这两个词的肯定简答句形是一样的，如: I think so. I hope so ,误, That is difficult for us to learn English well ,正, It is difficult for us to learn English well ,析, It 这里的语法作用是形式主语，而真正的主语是后面的不定式。形式主语和形式宾语都要用 it 而 不能用 that， 如: I think it difficult to learn English well it 在这句中是 think 的形式宾语。 中学生英语学习常见错误,11,,定语从句 ,误, I won't tell you the name of the person who teach me English ,正, I won't tell you the name of the person who teaches me English ,析,在定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，从它本身看不出其数的形式，这时要由它的先行词决定。这里 who 应由 the person 单数决定，应该用单数谓语动词。又如:I who am a student want to find a spare time job这里的 who 应与 I 是一致的，所以其谓语动词应该用am。 ,误, We talked about the things and the people who we met during the Second World War ,正, We talked about the things and the people that we met during the Second World War ,析, 这里的关系代词不要用 who， 因为其先行词有两个一个是 things (物)，而另一个是people (人)， 这时既不可用 who， 又不可用 which，因前者只能用于先行词是人的情况下，而后者则用于先行词是物 的情况下，所以只能用 that， 因为它的先行词既可以是人又可以是物。 ,误, The book， that I bought yesterday， was very good ,正, The book， which I bought yesterday， was very good ,析,先行词与定语从句被逗号分割开来时，即作为非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中 which， when， who， whom， where， when， whose 等都可以和限制性定语从句中的作用一样，而独有 that 不 易用于非限制性定语从句。 ,误, The dictionary which I lent it yesterday is a very useful tool ,正, The dictionary which I lent yesterday is a very useful tool ,析,关系代词在定语从句中是要起语法作用的，它不是作主语就是作宾语。虽然在作宾语时它的位置由 原来的宾语位置移到了句首，但它的作用依然存在，而且在原宾语位置上不能再出现宾语。 ,误, The teacher I want to learn English from is the one which comes from America ,正, The teacher I want to learn English from is the one who comes from America ,析, the one， anyone， those 作代词并且是指某人、物时，其关系代词不能用 which 应用 who。 ,误, This is the room in that the old man lives ,正, This is the room in which the old man lives ,正, This is the room which the old man lives in ,正, This is the room that the old man lives in ,析, that 不能紧跟在介词后作介词宾语，但如果介词不前置仍放于句尾，则可用 that 作引导词，而且 可以省略。如: This is the room the old man lives in ,误, I can do everything which is good for you ,正, I can do everything that is good for you ,析, 在先行词是 all， much， little， something， everything， anything， nothing， none， the one 等 不定代词时，虽然它们指的是物体，但不要用 which 而用 that 作定语从句的引导词。 ,误, The only thing which the students can do is studying hard ,正, The only thing that the students can do is studying hard ,析, 在先行词前有 only， any， few， little， no， all， one of 等词修饰时，虽然先行词指的是物， 也不要用 which 作关系代词，而要用 that。 ,误, This is the first American film which I've ever seen ,正, This is the first American film that I've ever seen ,析, 在先行词是序数词，或由序数词修饰时，其关系代词不可用 which 这样的用法还有在形容词最高级修饰的先行词之后，如: This is the best book that I have ever seen ,误, He is from Africa, that we can see from the colour of the skin ,正, He is from Africa, as we can see from the colour of the skin ,析, 当 as 或 which 引导非限制性定语从句时，它可能没有明确的先行词，它们所指代的是前面整个句子。如例应译为他是从非洲来这个事情是可以从其肤色上看出的。 中学生英语学习常见错误,12,,习惯用语 ,误, - What can I do for you? - Yes， please help me ,正, - What can I do for you? - I'd like to buy a sweater ,析, What can I do for you? 这一问语实际上用于的情景很多，要根据具体情况而定。如在商店中售货员讲这句话应译为:您想要点什么?在其他场合也可以被译为:我能为您做些什么?它的答语应是直接讲出想让对方提供的帮助。 ,误, - Which colour do you like? - Sorry， I don't like ,正, - Which colour do you like? - I prefer blue ,析, 由 which 来提问的问句是要回答具体的选择，而不能泛指，泛泛的回答。如 Yes， I like it ,误, Do you like to come with us tonight? ,正, Would you like to come with us tonight? ,析, Do you like … 问的是对方的习惯，如: Do you like swimming? Do you like collecting stamps? 而 would you like … 则是一次性的邀请、提议。邀请的英语表达法还有如下几种: Shall we go? 我们走吧! Let's go? 让我们走吧! How about having a cup of tea? 喝杯茶如何? What about a cup of coffee 喝杯咖啡如何? Why not buy it? 为什么不买呢? 其肯定答语一般为Certainly， Yes， O(,( All right， With pleasure ,误, Sorry， I've kept you waiting Not at all ,正, Sorry， I've kept you waiting Never mind ,析, "介意不介意"这一问法与答语在中英文中有所不同。如: - Do you mind my smoking here?- ,,,,,,,,, ,( Yes， do it please ,( No， of course not ,( Yes， take it please ,( No， you can't take it 这时正确的选择应是B。其意为:不介意，当然不。而A选项则自相矛盾了，它应译为:是的我介意，请 抽吧。而D选项是:不介意，你不能抽。当向对方争求意见时，可以有以下问法: Do you mind if I open the door? Would you mind mailing the letter for me 其答语如果是同意应为: Certainly not， not at all 而不同意时应为 Yes， 或 I'm sorry ,误, What's that man? He is Mike ,正, What's that man? He is a teacher ,正, Who's that man? He is Mike (He is Mike's father) ,析, 由 what 提问是问的职业，由 who 提问问的是姓名或身份。 ,误, - How much are they? - Half a kilo， please ,正, - How many bananas do you want? - Half a kilo Please ,析, How much are they? 问的是价格而不是实际物品的多少。 ,误, I'm sorry， but is this the way to the park? ,正, Excuse me， but is this the way to the park? ,析, I'm sorry 是对已经做错了的事向对方道歉时的开始语。而 Excuse me 是在打扰对方之前表达歉意的话。 ,误, - Have a good time tonight! - You are the same ,正, - Have a good time tonight! - The same to you ,析, The same to you 是表达我也祝您有个愉快的夜晚，它是美语中的习惯用法。 ,误, - What's the problem? - I've got a headache ,正, What's wrong with you? I've got a headache ,析, What's wrong with you? 是询问对方身体状态如何，而 What's the problem?是问对方遇到了什么麻烦。 ,误, - Now， I'm back Can I play? - Perhaps You'd better do your homework first ,正, - Now， I'm back Can I play? - I'm afraid not You'd better do your homework first ,析, Perhaps 是表示对一种拿不准的事态的推论，如: Am I right? Perhaps而 I'm afraid not 则表达一种不同意的态度。 be afraid 的几种用法有: I'm afraid that you are right 其后直接加宾语从句。 - Will you come to my birthday party? - I'm afraid not I have to go to see my father He is in hospital 其后，not，表示否定。 - Sorry， I don't want to go there alone， I'm afraid of the dog 其后，名词，表示对某人，某物的害怕。 Mary is afraid of making mistakes in the exam 其后， of ， 动名词，表示害怕做某事。 Mary is afraid to see the teacher because she didn't do well in the exam 其后， 不定式，表示不敢去做某事。 ,误, - How soon will you be ready? - Two days ,正, - How soon will you be ready? - In two days ,析,此题关键是要根据情景，身临其境，要注意的是对方问了什么，就应答什么。或答了什么就应问什么。 How soon 问的是"还有多久才能作完"，这时要用 in two days，即在两小时之内即可以作完。如用 How long 提问，则答语可以用 two days。 ,误, - Would you mind if I have some time off? - I don't mind - Monday and Tuesday of next week ,正, - Would you mind if I have some time off? - When exactly - Monday and Tuesday of next week ,析,有的对话是复杂的，稍有不慎就有可能选错，而且英语中如选错了答案是不容易找出错来的。 I don't mind 是可以用来回答 Would you mind…这一提问的，但如仔细看一看则会发现我们要选用的不是陈述句而是疑问句。根据下面一句的答语来判定要用 when exactly? 什么时间，这样才能与下句中具体的时间相符合。 ,误, Suppose your name is Tom The phone rings and you pick it up The first word you say will probably be "Who are you?" ,正, Suppose your name is Tom The phone rings and you pick it up The first word you say will probably be "Hello? This is Tom speaking?" ,析,在英语学习中，习惯用法实际上在某种情况，或某种意义上讲比语法更为重要。如果只从句子的角度上去分析，它们可能都是对的。比如，当你拿起电话时，如果你想知道对方是谁，可以问"Who's that(speaking)?"但不要讲"Who are you?"如果你想先介绍一下自己可以讲"This is ×××× speaking"而不要讲"I'm ××××"也不要讲"My name is ×××××(" 就语法而论，"Who are you?" "I'm ××××""My name is ×××××" 并不错，也是英语中可用的句子，但就打电话这一场合，就不宜用了。 ,误, - Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend? - I don't hope so ,正, - Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend? - I hope not ,析,由于初学者对实际英语口语中表达感情意愿的答语不熟悉，如在肯定答语中 I think so I hope so I believe so 是相同的，但在否定句中却常用 I don't think so 但I don't believe so 和 I don't hope so 则意为:我不信此事和我不希望此事发生。而 I believe not 和 I hope not 则为:我想可能不会发生吧! ,误, - Is anybody there? - No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave ,正, - Is everybody there? - No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave ,析,许多学生在写作和选择答语或问句时总要语法在前，而不是习惯用语在先。所以总是要拘泥疑问句中的不定代词，用 anybody。 但是Is anybody there? 在英语中为:这里有人吗?而Is everybody there?为:全都到齐了吗?所以首先要考虑的是其答语。 No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave ,误, - Your handwriting is very good! - No， my handwriting is very poor ,正, - Your handwriting is very good! - Thank you ,析,中国人遇到别人称赞，总是以谦逊为美德。但英美人则往往认为自信是美德。所以当别人夸奖你或赞美你时，就应说: Thank you 又比如中国人见面时常讲 Where are you going? 或 Have you had your breakfast yet?而英美人则认为你过多的干预别人的私生活了。而他们见面时往往问一些无关紧要的话，如: Hello! How are you going? (你过得怎样) Morning! 等。而 good morning 和 How do you do 则被认为是较正规的问候语，在日常生活中则十分少见。 ,误, When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say: "Excuse me I'll go first" ,正, When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say: "Excuse me I have to go" ,析,这两句答语都是正确的，其关键不是语法，而是习惯问题。如果在这样的场合你讲 I'll go first 朋友们会迷惑不解，而 I have to go 则表示由于外界的特殊原因而造成的你要离去，而你本人则十分不愿做此事。 ,误, - Would you like to come to dinner tonight? - I'd like to， and I'm too busy ,正, - Would you like to come to dinner tonight? - I'd like to， but I'm too busy ,析, I'm too busy 与 I'd like to 在意义上正好相反。所以要用转折连词。这里考查了对词义合乎逻辑的表达能力。所以要强调语言环境，更要强调在语言的基础上的词语辨析。 ,误, - Where's Deter? - Deter will come with us tonight but he isn't very sure yet ,正, - Where's Deter? - Deter may come with us tonight but he isn't very sure yet ,析, 由于 but 所引出的句子可以看出 Deter 的来与不来是十分不确定的，所以应用 may 来表达一个不肯定的事件。 ,误, - Hi， haven't seen you for ages! You look fine! - Great You look well too ,正, - Hi， haven't seen you for ages! You look fine! - Thanks You look well too ,析, 要注意的是 Great 在口语中多表示惊叹，而 Thanks 则表示感谢对方的称赞。所以对情景谈话要有准确的判定，要根据情景，身临其境，上下对照，周密思考，弄清场合，注意英美人的风俗习惯，注重 语义上的词语辨析，并要进行大量的语言实践练习，扩大实际交际能力。