高电压课件(吴广宁)6

高电压课件(吴广宁)6 复 习 l-l气体中带电质点的产生和消失有哪些主要方式, l-2什么叫自持放电,简述汤逊理论自持放电条件的物理意义。 1-3汤逊理论与流注理论的主要区别在哪里,它们各自的适用范围, 1-4根据巴申定律，解释在上采用真空或高气压增强空气介电强度的原理。。 1-5极不均匀电场中的放电有何特点,比较棒一板气隙极性不同时电晕起始电压和击穿电压的高低，简述其理由。 1-6试用经验估算极间距离d=2cm的均匀电场气隙，在标准大气条件下的平均击穿场强E。 b l-7请说明冲击电压下间隙的u50%、伏秒特性的物理意义 l-8试解释沿面闪络电压明显低于纯空气间隙的击穿电压的原因。 1-9影响气体间隙击穿电压的因素有哪些, 1-10在气压P=100.6kp，温度t=33?的条件下测得一气隙的击穿电压峰值为108kV，试近a 似求取该气隙在标准大气条件下的击穿电压值。 l-11某110kV电气设备的外绝缘应有的工频耐压水平(有效值)为260kV，如该设备将安装到海拔3000m的地方运行，间出厂时(工厂位于平原地区)的试验电压应增大到多少, l-12 提高气体间隙击穿电压的途径有几种?有哪些主要措施? l-l 3在均匀电场气隙中放置屏障能提高击穿电压吗,为什么, l-14当空气的湿度增大时，在极不均匀电场中纯空气间隙的放电电压提高，而绝缘子的沿面放电电压却降低，为什么, 体介质的沿面闪络电压, l-l5怎样提高固 1-16 解释下列术语: (1)气体中的自持放电 (2)电负性气体 (3)放电时延 (4)50%冲击放电电压 (5)爬电比距 1-17 简述绝缘子污闪的发展机理和预防对策 1-18 为什么SF6气体具有较高的电气强度,何为GIS设备, 1-19输电线路电晕会带来哪些不利影响, 1-20什么是绝缘子的干闪络电压,什么是绝缘子的湿闪络电压, 1-21什么条件下绝缘子发生污秽闪络,绝缘子污闪对电力系统造成哪些不利影响, 2-1说明电介质电导与金属电导的本质区别, 2-2为什么测量高压电气设备绝缘电阻时(需同时记录温度, 2-3何为电介质的吸收现象,在什么条件下出现吸收现象，有什么实际意义, 2-4某些电容量较大的设备如电容器、长电缆等，加直流高压后其接地放电时间要求长达5,10min，这是为什么? 2-5什么是电介质损耗,为什么可以用介质损耗因数tanδ来判断电介质的品质，试说明其与电源频率、温度和电压的关系。 2-6用同样绝缘生产相同工作电压的两种电容器，一种的电容量是另一种的2倍，问两种电容器的绝缘电阻、tanδ和功率损耗P是否相同? 2-7_说明变压器油的击穿过程、影响其击穿电压的因素及提高电气强度所采取的措施。 school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification 2-8变压器油中的水分有哪几种存在状态?溶解态的水分对油在标准试油杯中的工额击穿电压有影响吗? 2-9在油间隙中设置屏障，为什么能提高工频击穿电压? 2-10说明固体电介质的击穿形式和特点。 2-11什么是固体介质的累积效应, 2-12说明提高固体电介质击穿电压的措施。 -13说明造成固体电介质老化的原因。 2 2-14绝缘材料分为哪几个耐热等级?为什么对各种绝缘要规定最高允许工作温度? 2-15一充油的均匀电场间隙距离为30mm，极间施加工额电压300kV。若在极间放置一个屏障，气厚度分别为3mm和10mm，求油中的电场强度各比没有屏障时提高多少倍?(设油ε=1，屏障ε=4)。 rr12 3-1绝缘预防性试验的目的是什么,它分为哪两大类, 3-2 为什么对电气设绝缘预防性试验时，应首先进行非破坏性试验，然后再进行耐压试验, 3-3绝缘的缺陷分为哪儿类, 3-6何谓吸收比，绝缘干燥时和受潮后的吸收现象有何特点。为什么可以通过测量吸收比来发现绝缘的受潮? 3-7测量电力设备绝缘的泄漏电流为什么用直流电压而不用交流电压, 3-8为什么泄漏电流试验检查绝缘缺陷比绝缘电阻试验的灵敏度高, 3-9测量tanδ能发现何种绝缘缺陷?不能发现何种缺陷? -10什么是测量tanδ的正接线和反接线?各适用于何种场合,试述测量tanδ时干扰产生的原3 因和消除的方法。 3-11测量电气设备绝缘局部放电的原理是什么,测量的基本方法有哪几种, 3-14试简要总结各种非破坏性试验的特点(如能发现哪些缺陷，不能发现哪些缺陷等) 3-l 5对电气设备绝缘进行耐压试验的目的是什么? 3-16试验变压器有何特点?进行工频交流耐压试验时，对试验变压器的容量有何要求? 3-17设一被试品的电容量为4000pF，进行工频耐压试验,所加的试验电压有效值为400kV(试求流过试品的电流和所需试验变压器的容量。 3-18 球隙和静电电压可分别测量交流电压的有效值还是峰值, 3-19 简述在实验室条件下，取得工频、直流、雷电冲击高电压的方法 4-1 为什么在研究波过程时，线路或绕组均要采用分布参数电路来处理, 4-2什么是波速、波阻抗,分布参数的波阻抗与集中参数电路中的电阻有何异同? 4-3架空线路和电缆，其波阻抗、波速有何不同?为什么? 4-4单根均匀无损导线上同时有前行波和反行波时，写出线路上电压和电流表达式及各行波 u电流与电压的关系的关系式;若电压波，u,u，u;电流波i,i，i;则线路波阻抗z,fbfbi对吗?为什么, 4-5某长线波阻抗Z=400Ω，若幅值U=500kV的前行波和幅值U=,400kV的反行波同时沿fb 长线传播(试求当两波相会后，长线上总电压和总电流各为多少,(波为无穷长直角波) 4-6一架空线的波阻为400Ω，波速为300m/μs，求线路单位长度的电感和电容。 school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification 4-7在什么条件下能用被德逊法则来计算折射电压? 4-8 一根电容为0 187pF,km、电感为0. 155mH/km的电缆和一条电容为0.00778μF,km、电感为0. 933mH,km的架空线路相连。当一幅值为50kV的电压波沿着电缆传播到架空线上去，求结点的电压幅值。 4-9某变电所母线接线图如下，各路出线波阻抗Z=400Ω，现有一幅值U=500kv的无穷长直角波由其中一路出线侵入变电所，求变电所母线上电压幅值。 Z U Z Z Z Z 4-10.有一幅值为U的无穷长直角波沿波阻抗为Z1的电缆进入发电机绕组，发电机绕组等值波阻抗为Z2，现在发电机绕组入口处并联一电容器进行过电压保护，求:?发电机绕组入口处电压和最大陡度表达式;?若U=100KV，Z1=50Ω，绕组每匝长度为3m，绕组匝间绝缘能耐受的电压为600V，波在绕组中的传播速度为60m/μs，为使绕组不发生绝缘损坏，计算所需并联电容值。 U Z 1 C 4-11单相变压器绕组的起始电压分布为什么不均匀,其不均匀程度与哪些因素有关, 4-12 分析变压器绕组在冲击电压作用下产生振荡的原因?引起绕组起始电压分布和稳态电压分布不一致的原因何在, 4-13何为冲击截波,雷电冲击电截波对变压器绕组绝缘带来什么影响, 4-14变压器绕组的内部过电压保护措施有哪些? 5 -1何谓雷电流幅值概率? 5-2在氧化锌避雷器中为何可省去串联火花问隙?这会带来哪些好处? 5-3与普通阎式避雷器相比较，氧化锌避雷器具有哪些明显的优势， 5-4叙述氧化锌避雷嚣各电气参数的意义。 5-5何谓冲击接地电阻,影响冲击接地电阻的因素是什么, 5-6某原油罐直径为10m，高出地面10m，若采用单根避雷针保护，要求避雷针与罐距离不得少于5m(试计算该避雷针应有的高度。 5-7两支等高避雷针(高26m，间距28m(确定h=12m平面上的保护范围。 school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification 6-1输电线路架设避雷线后，雷击距离线路S=65m的地面，导线上的感应过电压为多少,避雷线对感应过电压有什么影响, 6-2雷击离35kV输电线70m处地面(记录到雷电流幅值为80kA。输电线在杆塔上的悬挂点高度是12m，弧垂是4 5m，求输电线上的感应雷过电压值。若同样太小的雷电流击中杆塔，设波头长度2.6μs(计算此时导线上的感应雷过电压。 6-5输电线路的耐雷水平有何意义，雷直击导线时耐雷水平如何确定' -6雷击杆塔顶时耐雷水平如何确定?提高其耐雷水平的措施有哪些,， 6 6-7 35kV及以下的输电线路为什么一般不采取全线架设避雷线的措施? 6-8试述建弧率的含义,。 n,Ngp,，Npp,6-9输电线路雷击跳闸率，试述各参数及其乘积1,2 的物理意义 6—10某平原地区220kV单避雷线线路如图所示，绝缘子串由13×X-4.5组成(每片绝缘子的高度h=0.146m，绝缘子串雷电冲击放电电压U=1245kV(避雷线0半径r=5.5mm，导50% 线弧垂l0m，避雷线弧垂6m(杆塔冲击接地电阻R=10Ω,线路实际长度L=120km，线路所i 在地区的雷暴日数日T=50(求这条线路的耐雷水平、雷击跳闸率和实际年雷击跳闸次数。 d -1发电厂、变电站对直击雷采用何种防护措施，其设计原则是7 什么, 7-2发电厂、变电站对直击雷的防护中，当满足什么条件时可防 止反击, 7-3发电厂、变电站母线上装设避雷器的作用是什么, 7-4当用避雷器保护变压器时，避雷器动作时，避雷器、变压器 上电压各为多少,为什么作用于变压器上的电压将高于避雷器的残 压, 7-5何谓变电站的进线保护?进线段有何作用和要求, 7-6变电站中为什么要限制入侵波陡度,一般采取什么措施? 7-7变电站一般采取什么措施来限制流经避雷器的雷电流?若超过则可能出现什么后果, 7-13安装在终端变电站的220kv,，变压器的多次截波耐压值U=949kv，220kV金属50% 氧化物避雷器在冲击电流为10kA时的残压为U=532kV，。设进波陡度α=450kV/µs。求避,50 雷器到变压器之间的最大允许电气距离为多少?(设母线仅有一根进线) 8-l 比较内部过电压和大气过电压有何不同?内部过电压一般可以分成哪几类? 8-2何谓内部过电压倍数?影响它大小的因素有哪些? 8-3切除空载线路和切除空载变压器时为什么会产生过电压,断路器的灭弧性能对这两种过电压分别会产生什么影响, 8-4解释断路器的并联电阻限值切除空载线路过电压、合闸空载线路过电压的原理 8-5空载线路合闸过电压产生的原因是什么?影响过电压的因素主要有哪些, 8-6有一台220kV、120MVA的单相电力变压器，其空载激磁电流I等于额定电流I的0nschool)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification 2,，高压绕组对地电容C=5000pF。求切除这样一台空载变压器时，可能引起的最大过电压倍数。 8-7电弧接地过电压产生的原因是什么?试述消除间歇电弧接地过电压的措施。 8-8简述消弧线圈的消除电弧接地过电压的原理。 9-1 什么是电力系统的绝缘配合,什么是电气设备的绝缘水平, 9-2 220kv及以下的系统，电气设备的绝缘水平主要由哪种过电压决定, 9-3 绝缘配合的惯用法、统计法和简化统计法有什么关系和区别? 9-4 什么是电气设备绝缘的BIL和SIL? 9-5 输电线路绝缘于串中绝缝子的片数是如何确定的? school)], 4 4 house building as well as more than 1000 copies of books, more than 10 kinds of collection of newspapers and magazines, fires burnt down. In 1938, the Japanese learned that the national Government established in XI Tang Tomb rotten "clip" taxes, tax officers live in 8 of Yan Dong village farmers home, troops at night, Yao was burned several houses. 1938 new morning of September 18, the Japanese team went to the countryside "sweep" from the kaiyang village line to Tung Yang Jia Qiao yan Temple wall and met Yang Jia溇 Zhou Dana (male) weeks because of long-term illness and can't work in the fields, the Japanese see his face from scratch without calluses, regard him as "Shina", thrust a knife at the scene of his death. The body was stabbed 7 times, wound 13. The same day, Trang bang village heard the Japanese come to "mop-up" are hiding, mother of 9 Zhou Guanbao Zhang Aying to drill a "dry mound", was discovered by the Japanese, a shot in the end. The same day, is 7 zhouhaijiangzhi grandfather Zhou Yingbao to escape the Japanese army, was found on the road, a shot in the end. In March 1939, the Japanese army in Yan Tomb raiding, has arrested 16 people, in fengqiao cigarettes this morning bang, killing 11 people on the River, East meeting point in wood qiaotu in the afternoon killing 4 people on the Riverside. Gu Tong is a Japanese go speak the Shanghai dialect, later to be called Gu Tong as "kill left." On January 18, 1943, the elves, five thousand or six thousand, water and land go hand in hand "mop-up" jiaxing area west of the railway, Yan Tomb area fall. March 6, Niu Shan (County Government II section chief) carrying its child Niu Jun (strict Tomb seventh district Chang) and the District Assistant Yu Xuchu, and players Jin Fuqin, and Shen Baosheng, six people received Wujiang underground County Government notification