the-importance-of-living生活的意义

生活的艺术作者：林语堂TheImportanceofLiving1讲解：XX2021/3/10LinYutang (Chinese: 林语堂October10,1895–March26,1976)wasa Chinesewriter,translator,linguistandinventor.HisinformalbutpolishedstyleinbothChineseandEnglishmadehimoneofthemostinfluentialwritersofhisgeneration,andhiscompilationsandtranslationsofclassicChinesetexts intoEnglishwerebestsellersintheWest.After1935LinlivedmainlyintheUnitedStates,wherehebecameknownasa“wiseandwitty”popularizerofChinesephilosophyandwayoflife.Lin’sbestsellerswere MyCountryandMyPeople (simplifiedChinese: 吾国与吾民)(1935)and TheImportanceofLiving(simplifiedChinese: 生活的艺术)(1937),writteninEnglishinacharmingstyle.OthersincludeBetweenTearsandLaughter (啼笑皆非)(1943).2讲解：XX2021/3/10ThreeStandardsofTranslation:faithfulness（忠实）expressiveness（通顺）beauty（美)3讲解：XX2021/3/10声声慢Sodim,sodark,Sodense,sodull,Sodamp,sodank,Sodead!Theweather,nowwarm,nowcold,MakesitharderThanevertoforget!HowcanafewcupsofthinwineBringwarmthagainstThechillywindsofsunset?Irecognizethegeeseflyingoverhead:Myoldfriends,Bringnottheoldmemoriesback!寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，凄凄惨惨戚戚。乍暖还寒时候，最难将息。三杯两盏淡酒，怎敌他晓来风急？雁过也，正伤心，却是旧时相识。SlowSlowTune4讲解：XX2021/3/10Letfallenflowersliewheretheyfall.TowhatpurposeandforwhomshouldIdecorate?Bythewindowshut,guardingitalone,toseetheskyhasturnedsoblack!AndthedrizzleonthekolanutKeepsondroning:Pit-a-pat,pit-a-pat!满地黄花堆积，憔悴损，如今有谁堪摘？守著窗儿独自，怎生得黑！梧桐更兼细雨，到黄昏、点点滴滴。这次第，怎一个愁字了得！5讲解：XX2021/3/10LinYutanginthisbooktalksaboutZhuangZhou'sindifferenttofameandwealth,praisesTaoYuanming'sleisurelyattitudetowardslife,readsthe"GuiQuLaiXispeech",andtellsthestoriesintheBible.ItalsotellshowChinesepeopledrinktea,howtheymakeasightseeingtour,seeclouds,identifystones,growflowers,keepbirds,watchthesnow,listentothefallingrain,enjoytheairandthemoon...6讲解：XX2021/3/10Today,IwillsharewhatI’velearnedfromthischapter.7讲解：XX2021/3/108讲解：XX2021/3/10ChapterFiveWHOCANBESTENJOYLIFE谁最会享受人生Theidealcharacterbestabletoenjoylifeisawarm,carefreeandunafraidsoul.最合于享受人生的理想人物，就是一个热诚的、悠闲的、无恐惧的人。9讲解：XX2021/3/10“Philosopher"hasbecomemerelyatermofsocialcompliment.Anyonewhoisabstruseandunintelligibleiscalled"aphilosopher."Anyonewhoisunconcernedwiththepresentisalsocalled"aphilosopher."Andyetthereissometruthinthelattermeaning.TheonlyproblemunconsciouslyassumedbyallChinesephilosopherstobeofanyimportanceis:howshallweenjoylife,andwhocanbestenjoylife?Noperfectionism（不去追求完美的理想）,nostrainingaftertheunattainable（（不去寻找那势不可得的事物）,nopostulatingoftheunknowable（不去穷究那些不可得知的东西）;buttakingpoor,mortalhumannatureasitis,howshallweorganizeourlifethatwecanworkpeacefully,endurenobly（旷达地忍耐）andlivehappily?I.FindThyself:Chuangtse(发现自己：庄子）10讲解：XX2021/3/10Whoarewe?Thatisthefirstquestion.Itisaquestionalmostimpossibletoanswer.Butweallagreethatthebusyselfoccupiedinourdailyactivitiesisnotquitetherealself.Wearequitesurewehavelostsomethinginthemerepursuitofliving.Soweoftenforgetourtrueselfinthepursuitofliving,likeabirdforgettingitsowndangerinpursuitofamantis,whichagainforgetsitsowndangerinpursuitofanotherprey,asissobeautifullyexpressedinaparable（美妙的譬喻）byChuangtse.Chuangtsesaidthatwehavelostsomethingandthebusinessofphilosophyistodiscoverandrecoverthatwhichislostinthiscase,“achild’sheart,”accordingtoMencius.“Agreatmanishewhohasnotlosttheheartofachild,”saysthisphilosopher.11讲解：XX2021/3/10II.Passion,WisdomAndCourage:MenciusMenciusenumeratedthethree“maturevirtues”ofhis“greatman”as“wisdom,compassionandcourage.”Ishouldliketolopoffonesyllableandregardasthequalitiesofagreatsoulpassion,wisdomandcourage.AsChangChaosays,"Apassionatenaturealwaysloveswomen,butonewholoveswomenisnotnecessarilyapassionatenature."Andagain,"Passionholdsupthebottomoftheworld,whilegeniuspaintsitsroof."Forunlesswehavepassion,wehavenothingtostartoutinlifewithatall.智情勇：孟子12讲解：XX2021/3/10Wearebornwithagivencoldorwarmnature.anditisonlyinproportionaswelosethatyouthfulheartthatwelosetheinnerwarmthinourselves.Foritseemsthatwhileamanwithpassionandsentimentmaydomanyfoolishandprecipitate（鲁莽的）things,butamanwithoutpassionorsentimentisajokeandacaricature（一副讽刺画）.Sothiswarmgenerosityofsoulhastobeprotectedagainstlifebyaphilosophy,becauselifeisharsh,warmthofsoulisnotenough,andpassionmustbejoinedtowisdomandcourage.Tomewisdomandcouragearethesamething,forcourageisbornofanunderstandingoflife;hewhocompletelyunderstandslifeisalwaysbrave.Anywaythattypeofwisdomwhichdoesnotgiveuscourageisnotworthhavingatall.Wisdomleadstocouragebyexercisingavetoagainstourfoolishambitionsandemancipating（从……解放出来）usfromthefashionablehumbug（骗子）ofthisworld,whetherhumbugofthoughtorhumbugoflife.13讲解：XX2021/3/10III.Cynicism,FollyandCamouflage:Laotse玩世、愚钝、潜隐：老子14讲解：XX2021/3/10Paradoxically,Laotse‘smostwickedphilosophyof“theoldrogue”（老滑)hasbeenresponsibleforthehighestidealofpeace,tolerance,simplicityandcontentment.Suchteachingsincludethewisdomofthefoolish,theadvantageofcamouflage（隐逸者的长处）,thestrengthofweakness,and.thesimplicityofthetrulysophisticatedThegreatestwisdomseemslikestupidity.Thegreatesteloquencelikestuttering（口吃，结巴）.Movementovercomescold,Butstayingovercomesheat.SohebyhislimpidcalmPutseverythingrightunderheaven.(清净为天下正)15讲解：XX2021/3/10LinYutangmadeapoemwhichsumsupthemessageofTaoisticthought:Thereisthewisdomofthefoolish,Thegracefulnessoftheslow,Thesubtletyofstupidity,Theadvantageoflyinglow（隐者）.16讲解：XX2021/3/10IV.PhilosophyofHalf-and-half:Tsesse（中庸哲学：子思）Thosearethebestcynicswhoarehalf-cynics.ThehighesttypeoflifeafterallisthelifeofsweetreasonablenessastaughtbyConfucius'grandson,Tsesse,authorofTheGoldenMean.17讲解：XX2021/3/10Afterallallowancesaremadeforthenecessityofhavingafewsupermeninourmidstexplorers,conquerors,greatinventors,greatpresidents,heroeswhochangethecourseofhistorythehappiestmanisstillthemanofthemiddle-classwhohasearnedaslightmeansofeconomicindependence,whohasdonealittle,butjustalittle,formankind,andwhoisslightlydistinguishedinhiscommunity,butnottoodistinguished.Itisonlyinthismilieu（背景）ofwell-knownobscurityandfinancialcompetencewithapinch,whenlifeisfairlycarefreeandyetnotaltogethercarefree,thatthehumanspiritishappiestandsucceedsbest.18讲解：XX2021/3/10V.ALoverofLife:TaoYuanmingTaoisthemostperfectlyharmoniousandwell-roundedcharacterintheentireChineseliterarytradition,livedanddied,acarefreeandconscience-free,humblepeasant-poet,andawiseandmerryoldman.19讲解：XX2021/3/10WithTao'sgreatloveoflife,hecouldnothavebeenwillingtoescapefromitaltogether.Hiswifeandchildrenweretoorealforhim,hisgardenandtheboughstretchingacrosshiscourtyardandthelonelypineswhichhefondledwerealtogethertooattractive,andbeingareasonableman,insteadofalogician,hestucktothem.Thatwashisloveoflifeandhisjealousyoverit,anditwasfromthispositive,butreasonable,attitudetowardlifethathearrivedatthefeelingofharmonywithlifewhichwascharacteristicofhisculture.20讲解：XX2021/3/10Itispassionthatisthesouloflife,thelightinthestars,theliltinmusicandsong,thejoyinflowers,theplumageinbirds,thecharminwoman,andthelifeinscholarship.Itisasimpossibletospeakofasoulwithoutpassionastospeakofmusicwithoutexpression.Itisthatwhichgivesusinwardwarmthandtherichvitalitywhichenablesustofacelifecheerily.如果我们没有“情”，我们便没有人生的出发点。情是生命的灵魂，星辰的光辉，音乐和诗歌的韵律，花草的欢乐，飞禽的羽毛，女人的艳色，学问的生命。没有情的灵魂是不可能的，正如音乐不能没有表情一样。这种东西给我们以内心的温暖和活力，使我们能快乐地去对付人生。     21讲解：XX2021/3/10Thereisalwaysaflavorofdisenchantmentaboutphilosophy.Thephilosopherlooksatlifeasanartistlooksatalandscapethroughaveilorahaze.哲学总带着一种如梦初醒的意味。哲学家观察人生，正如艺术家观察风景一样--是隔着一层薄纱或一层烟雾的。22讲解：XX2021/3/10THANKYOU!23讲解：XX2021/3/10感谢您的阅读收藏，谢谢！