2019-2020学年上海市闵行高三英语一模试卷(含答案和听力材料)

2019-2020学年上海市闵行高三英语一模试卷(含答案和听力材料)闵行区2019学年第一学期高三年级质量调研考试英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.  A.Atanartexhibit.  B.Inabakery.C.Inapaintingstudio.  D.Inaclothingstore.2.  A.Visithersister’shouse.  B.Givethemanaride.C.Gotothetrainstation.  D.Checkthetime.3.  A.Sheshouldgetporkandchicken.  B.Sheisquitemixedup.C.Sheshouldgetchickenandvegetables.  D.Sheshouldn’teatanymeat.4.  A.Themandidn’tfailbymuch.  B.Themancompletelyfailedtheexam.C.Themanhadareallyhighgrade.  D.Theman’sgradewaslowbutpassing.5.A.Itcostmorethanhethoughtitwould.  B.Hewouldliketosellit.C.Itisn’taverygoodone.  D.Hegotitforalowprice.6.  A.HeissurprisedthatMatthewchangedhismind.B.HewishedhehadaskedMatthewbefore.C.Matthewwantedtoleaveinthemorning.D.Matthewplannedthepartyhimself.7.  A.She’llworkpart-timeatthebanquet.B.She’lltrytofindablanketforherguest.C.She’sstilllookingforaguestspeaker.D.Shelivestoofarawaytocometothedinner.8.  A.Theteacherdescribedwhatthestudentsshoulddo.B.Theteacherwouldpunishthestudentsbeinglate.C.Theteacherrequiredanoutline.D.Theteacherwaslateforthefirstclass.9.  A.Beunderstandingtowardthewoman.B.Lowerthewoman’sfinalgrade.C.Workhardtogetanextension.D.Expectthewomantofinishherpaperfirst.10.A.SheshouldhavegonetoJane’spresentation.B.Janedidn’tappearnervousatallduringherpresentation.C.Janeneedstotakemorelessonsinpublicspeaking.D.Shedidn’tunderstandJane’spresentationatall.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Animalsyawnforanumberofreasons.B.Yawningresultsonlyfromfatigueorboredom.C.Humanyawnsarethesameasthoseofotheranimals.D.Onlysocialanimalsyawn.12.A.Whentheyareswimming.B.Whentheyarequarreling.C.Whentheyaresocializing.D.Whentheyareeating.13.A.Toexercisethejawmuscles.B.Toeliminateboredom.C.Togetgreaterstrengthforattacking.D.Togainmoreoxygen.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.  A.Restartthespeechasithasbeenplanned.B.Ignorethemistakes.C.Makeawiseapology.D.Stopforamomentandgettheplaceright.15.  A.Toillustrategoodwaytodeliveraspeech.B.Toemphasizetheimportanceofrepetition.C.Toindicatelisteners’attentiononthemessageitself.D.Towarnpeopleoftheobviousmistakesinthespeech.16.A.HowtoBeaPerfectSpeaker.B.HowtoMakeaPerfectSpeech.C.Don’tExpectaPerfectSpeech.D.Don’tForgiveMistakesinaSpeech.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.  A.Itwasinthewrongsize.B.Itwasdirtyinside.C.Itshrankalot.D.Itwasthewrongcolor.18.  A.Changethesweaterforadifferentone.B.Offerthemanafreegiftascompensation.C.Returntheman’smoney.D.Talkaboutthematterwiththemanager.19.  A.Becausethestoreisclosingsoon.B.Becausethereturnperiodhadpassed.C.Becausethemandidn’thaveareceipt.D.Becausethesweaterwasbroken.20.  A.Themanisabletoexchangethesweater.B.Themanleftthestorewithoutthesweater.C.Thewomangavethemanarefund.D.Thewomanpromisedtoraisetheservicequality.II.GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.MarianBechtelsitsatWestPalmBeach’sBarLouiecounterbyherself,quietlyreadinghere-bookasshewaitsforhersalad.Whatisshereading?Noneofyourbusiness!LunchisBechtel’s“me”time.And(21)________moreAmericans,she’snotalone.Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.Morethanhalf(53%)havebreakfastaloneandnearlyhalf(46%)havelunchbythemselves.Onlyatdinnertime(22)________weeatingtogether,74%,accordingtostatisticsfromthereport.“Iprefertogooutandbeout.Alone,buttogether,youknow?”Bechtelsaid,(23)________(look)upfromherbook.Bechtel,whoworksindowntownWestPalmBeach,haslunchwithcoworkerssometimes,butlikemanyofus,toooften(24)________(work)throughlunchatherdesk.Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingheron(25)________shoulder.Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized.“Today,Ijustwantedsometimetomyself,”shesaid.Justtwoseatsover,AndrewMazoleny,alocalvideographer,isfinishinghislunchatthebar.Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe’sonafirst-namebasis(26)________hewantstohavealittleinteraction.“Ireflecton(27)________myday’sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek,”hesaid.“It’sachanceforself-reflection.Youreturntowork(28)________(refresh)andwithaplan.”Thatfreedom(29)________(choose)isonereasonmorepeopleliketoeatalone.Therewasatimewhenpeoplemayhavefeltawkwardaboutaskingforatableforone,butthosedaysareover.Now,wehaveoursmartphonestokeepuscompanyatthetable.“Itdoesn’tfeelasaloneasitmayhavebeforealltheadvancesintechnology,”saidLaurieDemeritt,(30)________companyprovidedthestatisticsforthereport.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.modernityB.miseryC.insteadD.patentE.limitsF.passionateG.giftedH.outlookI.favoredJ.blessedK.exhausting    Time:isthereeverenoughofit?Intoday’smodernworld,mostofusare 31 withso-calledtime-savingdevicesandtechnologicaladvancementsandworklessbothattheofficeandathome.Butwhydowestillfeelbusier?AstudybyDerekThompsononthe“myth”ofbeingbusysuggeststhatwhile 32broughtusconvenience,italsobroughtusnewheadaches.ConsidertheideaofFOMO(fearofmissingout).Knowingexactlywhatwe’remissingoutmakesusfeelguiltyoranxiousaboutthe 33ofourtimeandourabilitytouseiteffectively.Whilebeinginformedisimportant,itcanleadtoanxietyaboutkeepingupwiththetimes.IfyoufindyourselfunabletostopscrollingthroughTwitter,turnoffthephoneandtakeamentalbreak.PracticeJOMO(joyofmissingout),a(n) 34onlifethat’sadirectcontradictiontoFOMO.Getridoffeelingsofguiltand“shoulds”andreplacethemwithmindfulnessandlivinginthemoment.Anotherthingtechnologyhas 35 usistheblurring(难以区分)betweenworkanddowntime.Whileconstantconnectionhasmadetheworkdaymuchmoreflexible,it’salsohardertoturnoffattheendoftheday.Alwaysbeing“on”isa(n) 36 stateofmind.Considerputtingahardstoponmediaandelectronicdevicesanhourortwobeforebed.Ofcourse,ifyouwanttomoveupthecorporateladderandgetabiggerpaycheck,workinglonghourshaslongbeena 37 strategy.Butifyoudon’thavepassionforyourjoborcareaboutwhatyoudo,youmightjustbeworkingyourselfintomore 38 .Peopleworkingthesamehoursfeelcompletelydifferentlevelsoftimepressuredependingontheirpassion.Ifmostofthehoursarespentdoingsomethingyoudon’tfeel39 about,it’snowonderyoustarttofeeloutofcontrolandanxiousaboutyourtime.Takingbackcontrolofyourtimecaneasethismentalstress.Therefore,yourtimemanagementgoalshouldn’tbetofigureouthowtodomore,but 40 tofigureouthowtowantless.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Theexpression,“everybody’sdoingit,”isverymuchatthecenteroftheconceptofpeerpressure.Itisasocialinfluenceappliedonanindividualinordertogetthatpersontoactorbelieveina(n) 41 wayasalargergroup.Thisinfluencecanbenegativeorpositive,andcanexistinbothlargeandsmallgroups.Peoplearesocialcreaturesbynature,andsoitishardly 42 thatsomepartoftheirself-respectcomesfromtheapprovalofothers.Thisinstinctexplainswhytheapprovalofpeers,andthefearof 43 ,issuchapowerfulforceinmanypeople’slives.Thisinstinctdrivespeopletodressonewayathomeandanotherwayatwork,ortoanswerasimple“fine”whenastrangerasks“howareyou?”evenifitisnotnecessarilytrue.Thereisa(n) 44 aspecttothis:ithelpssocietytofunctionefficiently,andencouragesagenerallevelofself-disciplinethat 45 day-to-dayinteractionbetweenpeople.Forcertainindividuals,seekingsocialacceptanceissoimportantthatitbecomesa(n)46 :inordertosatisfythedesire,theymaygosofarasto 47 theirsenseofrightandwrong.Teensandyoungadultsmayfeelforcedtousedrugs,orjoingangsthat 48 criminalbehavior.Matureadultsmaysometimesfeel 49 tocoverupillegalactivityatthecompanywheretheywork,orendupindebtbecausetheyareunabletoholdbackthedesiretobuyahouseorcarthattheycan’taffordinaneffortto 50 thepeers.However,peerpressureisnotalwaysnegative.Astudentwhosefriendsaregoodat51 maybeurgedtoworkharderandgetgoodgrades.Playersonasportsteammayfeeldriventoplayharderinordertohelptheteamwin.Thistypeof 52 canalsogetafriendoffdrugs,ortohelpanadulttakeupagoodhabitordropabadone.Althoughpeerpressureissometimesquiteobvious,itcanalsobeso 53 thatapersonmaynotevennoticethatitisaffectinghisorherbehavior.Forthisreason,whenmakingimportantdecisions,simplygoingwitha(n) 54 isrisky.Instead,peopleshouldseriouslyconsiderwhytheyfeeldrawntotakingaparticularaction,andwhetherthereal55 issimplythateveryoneelseisdoingthesamething.41.  A.traditional  B.similar  C.peculiar  D.opposite42.  A.understandable  B.believable  C.acceptable  D.surprising43.  A.disapproval  B.failure  C.absence  D.independence 44.  A.uncertain  B.practical  C.impossible  D.vague45.  A.promotes  B.prevents  C.simplifies  D.increases46.  A.challenge  B.inspiration  C.promise  D.addiction47.  A.recognize  B.abandon  C.decrease  D.define48.  A.avoid  B.encourage  C.decline  D.punish49.  A.pressuredB.respected  C.delighted  D.regretted50.  A.catchsightof  B.stayawayfrom  C.makefunof  D.keepupwith51.  A.competitions  B.interaction  C.academics  D.adaptation52.  A.knowledge  B.interest  C.assistance  D.influence53.  A.abstract  B.ridiculous  C.subtle  D.reasonable54.  A.consciousness  B.motivation  C.instinct  D.encouragement55.  A.motivation  B.danger  C.support  D.achievementSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)“Youcanusemeasalastresort(选择),andifnobodyelsevolunteers,thenIwilldoit.”ThiswasanactualreplyfromaparentafterIputoutarequestforvolunteersformykids’lacrosse（长曲棍球）club.Iguessthatthere’sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtugattheheartstrings.ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren’tevenon…Atthispointtheunwillingparentspeaksup,“Alright.Yes,I’lldoit.”I’msecretlyrelievedbecauseIknowthere’srealpowerinsharingvolunteerresponsibilitiesamongmany.Theunwillingparentorganizesthemealschedule,sendsoutemails,andcollectsmoneyforend-of-seasongifts.Somewherealongtheway,thesameparentendsupbecominganinvaluablememberoftheteam.Thecoachisabletofocusonthekidswhiletheotherparentsarerelievedtobeoffthehookforanotherseason.Handingoutslicedorangestobloodthirstykidscanbeasexcitingaswatchingyourownkidscoreagoal.Still,mostofusvolunteersbreatheasighofreliefwhentheseasoncomestoaclose.Thatreliefiscoupledwithadeepunderstandingofwhythesamepeoplekeepcomingbackformore:Connectingtothecommunityasyoufreelygiveyourtime,money,skills,orservicesprovidesarealjoy.Volunteeringjustfeelssogood.Inthatsense,I’mprettysurevolunteeringismoreofaselfishactthanI’dfreelyliketoadmit.However,ifothersbenefitintheprocess,andIgetsomerewardtoo,doesitreallymatterwheremymotivationlies?56.Whatcanweinferabouttheparentfromherreplyinparagraphl?A.Sheknowslittleabouttheclub.  B.Sheisn’tgoodatsports.C.Shejustdoesn’twanttovolunteer.  D.She’sunabletomeetherschedule.57.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“tugattheheartstrings”inparagraph2mean?A.Encourageteamwork.  B.Appealtofeelings.C.Promotegooddeeds.  D.Provideadvice.58.Whatcanwelearnabouttheparentfromparagraph3?A.Shegetsinterestedinlacrosse.  B.Sheisproudofherkids.C.She’llworkforanotherseason.  D.Shebecomesagoodhelper.59.Whydoesthewriterlikedoingvolunteerwork?A.Itgivesherasenseofduty.  B.Itmakesherveryhappy.C.Itenableshertoworkhard.  D.Itbringshermaterialrewards.(B)(Youmayreadthequestionsfirst.)HistoryFairCompetitionUnderstandinghistoryisvitaltounderstandingourselvesasapeopleandasanation.Historyismuchmorethanthestudyofdustyoldobjectsandeventslongpast.Itisanessentialpartofwhowearetodayandwhowewillbecome.ThorntonMiddleSchoolHistoryFairCompetitionmakesunderstandinghistoryexciting,engaging,andfun！ThisYear’sThemeAllparticipantsmustaddresshowcommunicationortransportationtechnologyhaspromotedthequalityoflifeforAmericansthroughouthistory.Tomanypeople,technologymeanscomputers,hand-helddevices,orvehiclesthattraveltodistantplanets.However,technologyisalsotheapplicationofscientificknowledgetosolveaproblem,touchinglivesincountlessways.Individualsorgroupsmayenteroneofthefollowingcategories：·Performance·Documentary·EssayWritingCategoryRequirementsPerformance:Adramaticpresentationofthetopicnomorethan10minuteslong.Ifspecialclothesareused，theyshouldtrulyrepresentagivenperiod.Documentary:Avisualpresentation(suchasavideo，slideshow，orcomputerproject)nomorethan10minuteslong.Adesktopcomputer,screen,projector,andloudspeakerswillbeavailable.StudentsmustprovidetheirpresentationsonCDsbeforeFriday,March23.EssayWriting:Anacademicpaperof2,000to2,500words.Noillustrationsareallowed.Pleasedonotincludecovers.Alistofreferencesmustbeincluded.ImportantDatesJanuary5Submitatopicproposaltoyourhistoryteacher.Theteachermayrequireasecondproposalifthefirstisoff-topicorunclear.February5Submitafirstdraftofyouressay,performancescript,ordocumentaryhighlights.February19Acommitteeofteacherswillevaluatematerialsandgiveopinions.Studentsthenhaveanopportunitytoimprovetheirproducts.March9Submitafinaldraftofyouressay.March15PerformanceanddocumentarycommitteepreviewMarch24ThorntonMiddleSchoolHistoryFairCompetition7：00A.M.—9：00A.M.Participantssigninginatthegym10：00A.M.—6：00P.M.Competitionandjudges’review7：00P.M.Awardsceremony60.Whatisthethemeofthisyear’scompetition?A.Technologyadvancesscience.B.Scienceinteractswithtechnology.C.Sciencehasmadethestudyofhistoryeasy.D.TechnologyhasimprovedthelifeofAmericans.61.Whatwouldaparticipanthavetodowithanessayof1,500wordstomeetthecategoryrequirement?A.Includemoreinformationintheessay.B.Removethereferences.C.Provideacoverfortheessay.D.Explainthedetailswithillustrations.62.WhatwillthecommitteeofteachersdoonFebruary19?A.Previewperformancesanddocumentaries.B.Makecommentsonthematerials.C.Improvetheparticipant’sfirstdraft.D.Collectasecondproposalfromtheparticipant.(C)Whenprehistoricmanarrivedinnewpartsoftheworld,somethingstrangehappenedtothelargeanimals.Theysuddenlybecameextinct.Smallerspeciessurvived.Thelarge,slow-growinganimalswereeasygame,andwerequicklyhuntedtoextinction.Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans.Thattheseasarebeingoverfishedhasbeenknownforyears.WhatresearcherssuchasRansomMyersandBorisWormhaveshownisjusthowfastthingsarechanging.Theyhavelookedathalfacenturyofdatafromfisheriesaroundtheworld.Theirmethodsdonotattempttoestimatetheactualbiomass(theamountoflivingbiologicalmatter)offishspeciesinparticularpartsoftheocean,butratherchangesinthatbiomassovertime.AccordingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNature,thebiomassoflargepredators(animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals)inanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen.Dr.Wormacknowledgesthatthefiguresareconservative.Onereasonforthisisthatfishingtechnologyhasimproved.Today’svessels(船)canfindtheirpreyusingsatellitesandsonar,whichwerenotavailable50yearsago.Thatmeansahigherproportionofwhatisintheseaisbeingcaught,sotherealdifferencebetweenpresentandpastislikelytobeworsethantheonerecordedbychangesincatchsizes.Intheearlydays,too,longlines(多钩长线)wouldhavebeenmorefilledwithfish.Someindividualswouldthereforenothavebeencaught,sincenobaitedhooks(带饵钩)wouldhavebeenavailabletotrapthem,leadingtoanunderestimateoffishstocksinthepast.Furthermore,intheearlydaysoflonglinefishing,alotoffishwerelosttosharksaftertheyhadbeenhooked.Thatisnolongeraproblem,becausetherearefewersharksaroundnow.Dr.MyersandDr.Wormarguethattheirworkgivesacorrectbaseline,whichfuturemanagementeffortsmusttakeintoaccount.Theybelievethedatasupportanideacurrentamongmarinebiologists,thatofthe“shiftingbaseline”.Theideaisthatpeoplehavefailedtodetectthemassivechangeswhichhavehappenedintheoceanbecausetheyhavebeenlookingbackonlyarelativelyshorttimeintothepast.Thatmattersbecausetheorysuggeststhatthemaximumsustainableyield(产量)thatcanbecroppedfromafisherycomeswhenthebiomassofatargetspeciesisabout50%ofitsoriginallevels.Mostfisheriesarewellbelowthat,whichisabadwaytodobusiness.63.Theextinctionoflargeprehistoricanimalsisnotedtosuggestthat_________.A.largeanimalswereeasilyhurtinthechangingenvironmentB.smallspeciessurvivedaslargeanimalsdisappearedC.largeseaanimalsmayfacethesamethreattodayD.slow-growingfishoutlivefast-growingones64.Bysayingthesefiguresareconservative,Dr.Wormmeansthat________.A.fishingtechnologyhasimprovedrapidlyB.thecatch-sizesareactuallysmallerthanrecordedC.themarinebiomasshassufferedagreaterlossD.thedatacollectedsofarareoutofdate65.Dr.Myersandotherresearchersholdthat________.A.peopleshouldlookforabaselinethatcan’tworkforalongertimeB.fisheriesshouldkeeptheyieldbelow50%ofthebiomassC.theoceanbiomassshouldrestoreitsoriginallevelD.peopleshouldadjustthefishingbaselinetochangingsituation66.Thewriterseemstobemainlyconcernedwithmostfisheries’_________.A.biomasslevelB.managementefficiencyC.catch-sizelimits   　  D.technologicalapplicationSectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Thiscanaffectyourwork.B.Sohowshouldyoumotivateyourself?C.However,thisshouldnotdiscourageyou.D.Sowhyshouldwetrytosetspecificgoals?E.Withoutmotivation,youcanneithersetagoalnorreachit.F.Motivationiswhatyouneedmosttodoagoodjob.Imagineachildstandingonadivingboardfourfeethighandaskinghimselfthequestion:“ShouldIjump?”Thisiswhatmotivationorthelackofitcando.Motivationandgoalsettingarethetwosidesofthesamecoin.  67  Likethechildonthedivingboard,youwillstayundecided.68  Morethanthat,howshouldyoustaymotivatedtoachievethegoal?First,youneedtoevaluateyourself,yourvalues,yourstrengths,yourweaknesses,yourachievements,yourdesires,etc.Onlythenshouldyousetyourgoals.Youalsoneedtojudgethequalityanddepthofyourmotivation.Thisisquiteimportant,becauseitisdirectlyrelatedtoyourcommitment.Therearetimeswhenyourheartisnotinyourwork.  69  So,slowdownandthinkwhatyoureallywanttodoatthatmoment.Clarityofthoughtscanhelpyoumoveforward.Anotherwayofsettingrealisticgoalsistoanalyzeyourshortandlongtermobjectives,keepinginmindyourbeliefs,valuesandstrengths.Rememberthatgoalsareflexible.Theycanchangeaccordingtocircumstances.Theyalsoneedtobemeasurable.Youmustkeepthesepointsinmindwhilesettingyourgoals.Yourpersonalcircumstancesareequallyimportant.Forexample,youmaywanttobeaPilotbutcan’tbecomeonebecauseyoureyesightisnotgoodenough.  70  Youshouldreassessyourgoals,andmotivateyourselftosetafreshgoal.Youwillsurelyneedtoovercomesomedifficulties,someplanned,butmostunplanned.Youcannotovercomethemwithoutamplemotivation.Makesurethatyouplanforthesedifficultiesatthetimeofsettingyourgoals.IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Parentseverywherepraisetheirkids.JennBerman,authorofTheAtoZGuidetoRaisingHappyandConfidentKids,says,“We’vegonetotheoppositeextremeofafewdecadesagowhenparentstendedtobemorestrict.”Bygivingkidsalotofpraise,parentsthinkthey’rebuildingtheirchildren’sconfidence,when,infact,itmaybejusttheopposite.Toomuchpraisecanbackfireand,whengiveninawaythat’sinsincere,makekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakeariskforfearofnotbeingabletostayontopwheretheirparents’praisehasputthem.S