通考大学英语A大学英语A20091103_0936_4

大学英语A20091103_0936_4 一、阅读理解 1、 Below America's waters, there is a junkyard (垃圾场). Every year, thousands of boats and ships sink or are abandoned in the U.S. and most of them are never found back again. "You go to any harbor in the country and you'll find abandoned ships," said Doug Helton, Director of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). NOAA data suggests there are at least 10,000 abandoned ships along the U.S. coast, but experts predict there can be far more. Abandoned ships damage the ecosystem (生态系统) long after they've sunk. They produce toxic chemicals harming or destroying sea life and, by entering the food chain, the chemicals are finally digested by humans. Sometimes they help the growth of new sea life that threatens the present local ecosystem. On Palmyra Atoll, for example, a "population explosion" of corallimorph, an aggressive creature similar to coral, killed almost all the coral growing around a fishing boat that sank in 1991. The corallimorph were probably attracted to the leaching iron produced by the abandoned boat, growing fast and threatening other sea life on the reef. Of course, there are governmental policies to prevent people from abandoning boats and ships. State laws fine (罚款) and sometimes jail those irresponsible ship owners. However, there's a big financial problem regarding retrieving (回收) and recycling sunken ship: it takes owners on average $5,000 to $10,000 to retrieve a 40-foot yacht, while the fines for abandonment are much lower - only $100. Besides, definitions of "abandonment" are quite different among states, which means that ship owners can sometimes sink boats and get off the responsibility. Meanwhile, federal law deals with only pollution caused by ships, not with ship abandonment itself. The environmental impact of undersea boats and ships can't always be seen easily from the shore, says Helton. It would help if owners of small fishing boats as well as big ships could keep in mind that "when a boat or ship is lost, it's not gone." (1)、The passage mainly talks about ______. A：toxic chemicals' impact on sea life B：the abandoned ships and its problems C：how corallimorph threatens coral D：policies of retrieving sunken ships 答案： B 评析：空 (2)、According to the passage, abandoned ships damage the ecosystem in these ways EXCEPT ______. A：producing toxic chemicals B：entering the food chain C：helping new sea life grow D：poisoning the seabirds 答案： D 评析：此题没有评析 (3)、The example of corallimorph is to show how abandoned ships _______. A：produce toxic chemicals which harm sea life B：foster new sea life threatening the ecosystem C：are protected under governmental policies D：are retrieved and recycled in cheaper ways 答案： B 评析：此题没有评析 (4)、Which of the following problems is NOT mentioned in the third paragraph? A：The fact that sunk ships can never be repaired. B：Financial problems of retrieving sunken ships. C：Different definitions of "abandonment". D：Federal laws concerned only with pollution. 答案： A 评析：此题没有评析 (5)、The last sentence implies that ______. A：it is too expensive to get a boat or ship B：a lost boat or ship can be found back C：the effects of a sunken ship may last D：people should throw away their ships 答案： C 评析：空 2、 All animals must rest, but do they sleep as we know it? The answer to this question seems obvious. If an animal regularly stops its activities and stays quiet and unmoving---if it looks as though it is sleeping---then why not simply assume that it is in fact sleeping? But how can observers be sure that an animal is sleeping? They can watch the animal and notice whether its eyes are open or closed, whether it is active or lying quietly, and whether it responds to light or sound. These factors are important clues, but they often are not enough. Horses and cows, for example, rarely close their eyes, and fish and snakes cannot close them. Yet this does not necessarily mean that they do not sleep. Have you ever seen a cat dozing with one eye partly open? Even humans have occasionally been observed to sleep standing up, like elephants with their tusks (Note: long teeth of an elephant) resting in the fork of the tree. Finally, while "sleeping" animals often seem unaware of changes in the sounds and light and other stimuli around them, that does not really prove they are sleeping either. Observations of animal behavior alone cannot fully answer the question of whether or not animals sleep. The answers come from doing experiments in "sleep laboratories" using a machine called the electroencephalograph (EEG) (Note: An instrument used in the detection and diagnosis of heart diseases). The machine is connected to animals and measures their brain signals, breathing, heartbeat, and muscle activity. The measurements are different when the animals appear to be sleeping from when they appear to be awake. Using the EEG, scientists have confirmed that all birds and mammals studied in laboratories do sleep. There is some evidence that reptiles, such as snakes and turtles, do not truly sleep, although they do have periods of rest each day, in which they are quiet and unmoving. They also have discovered that some animals, like chimpanzees, cats, and moles (Note: a kind of little animal who lives underground), are good sleepers while others, like sheep, goats, and monkeys, are poor sleepers. Interestingly, the good sleepers are nearly all hunters with resting places that are safe from their enemies. Nearly all the poor sleepers are animals hunted by other animals; they must always be watching for enemies, even when they are resting. (1)、The author uses the horse as an example of an animal that __________. A：does not sleep at all B：can sleep with eyes open C：is a poor sleeper D：can sleep standing up 答案： B 评析：此题没有评析 (2)、The best method to tell if an animal is sleeping is __________. A：to observe if its eyes are open B：to see if it reacts to such stimuli as light and sound C：to use an EEG D：to employ both an EEG and observation 答案： C 评析：此题没有评析 (3)、What can we learn from the passage concerning the EEG? A：Whether the animal appears awake or not, it should be measured in the same way. B：With this machine, scientists proved that all birds studied do sleep. C：The EEG can be carried by studied animals wirelessly to get wanted data. D：Using the EEG, we can fully believe that reptiles do not truly sleep. 答案： B 评析：此题没有评析 (4)、Scientists who study sleep think that some animals are poor sleepers because they __________. A：have no resting places B：are always hunted by other animals during sleep C：cannot awaken fast if an enemy finds them sleeping D：must observe the surroundings while resting 答案： D 评析：此题没有评析 (5)、This passage is about __________. A：sleeping patterns of animals B：how animals can sleep well C：an experiment on EEG D：why animals and humans need sleep 答案： A 评析：此题没有评析 二、词汇与语法 1、By the time he arrives in Beijing, we ________ here for two days. A：shall stay B：have been staying C：will have stayed D：have stayed 答案： C 评析：空 2、In Shenzhou VI, Chinese astronauts aren't only spaceship drivers, _______ machine repairers and scientists. A：so B：or C：and D：but 答案： D 评析：空 3、The worst thing _______ television is that many people have become its slaves. A：about B：in C：to D：from 答案： A 评析：空 4、Her determination to ________ her goal of life motivated her to greater effort. A：retain B：attain C：maintain D：entertain 答案： B 评析：此题没有评析 5、Grace advised us to withdraw ________. A：so as to get not involved B：as not to get involved C：so as not to get involved D：as to not get involved 答案： C 评析：空 6、I'm going to have a rest and _______. A：so does David B：so goes David C：so is David D：so has David 答案： C 评析：空 7、By Saturday, I _______ here for three weeks. A：will be working B：will have worked C：will work D：work 答案： B 评析：此题没有评析 8、Jackson is not ________ as you imagine. A：so a big fool B：so big a fool C：such big a fool D：a such big fool 答案： B 评析：此题没有评析 9、They found the conditions there ________. A：much improve B：much to improve C：much improved D：be much improved 答案： C 评析：此题没有评析 10、The Portuguese give a great deal of credit to one man for having promoted sea travel, that man _________ Prince Henry the navigator, who lived in the 15th century. A：was B：being C：is D：having been 答案： B 评析：此题没有评析 三、完型填空 1、 People sometimes confuse acquaintances with friends. The two terms have something in common, but, as far as I'm concerned, there are more 21 between them. An acquaintance is one 22 name you know, who you probably have something in common with and who you feel comfortable around. 23 you don't share your life with most of them because you don't know enough about them. A friend, however, is 24 you love. Not that you are "in love" with them, but you 25 them and you think about them when they are not there. You feel 26 with them because you know they won't hurt you. You know that if you have a problem, they are there to listen. Friends are the people who prevent you 27 making mistakes and help you when you do. They are the people whose hand you can hold. You can hug or give them a kiss and don't make them feel nervous because they 28 the things you do and they love you for them. They stick with you and stand by you. They hold your hand. They wish you 29 a happy life. In a word, one's life can be the same without a(n) 30 . But if you lose a friend, you will feel something wrong with your life. (1)、 A：disadvantages B：advantages C：differences D：similarities 答案： C 评析：空 (2)、 A：whose B：who C：that D：which 答案： A 评析：此题没有评析 (3)、 A：Because B：So C：Even if D：But 答案： D 评析：此题没有评析 (4)、 A：everyone B：anyone C：someone D：nobody 答案： C 评析：此题没有评析 (5)、 A：look into B：pick up C：care for D：turn down 答案： C 评析：此题没有评析 (6)、 A：funny B：safe C：satisfied D：scared 答案： B 评析：此题没有评析 (7)、 A：to B：from C：in D：at 答案： B 评析：此题没有评析 (8)、 A：wonder B：dislike C：admire D：understand 答案： D 评析：此题没有评析 (9)、 A：to live B：live C：living D：lived 答案： A 评析：此题没有评析 (10)、 A：enemy B：friend C：acquaintance D：family 答案： C 评析：此题没有评析 四、汉译英 (1)、在过去的10年中，许多农民离开老家到北京找工作。 评析：此题没有评析 (2)、我宁愿现在就把真相告诉他，而不愿一直保守这个秘密。 评析：此题没有评析 五、写作 (1)、写作 Instructions:Your essay should be no less than 150 words. You have grown up from a little child to a college student. In your life, there must be a teacher who has impressed you most and therefore has won your respect. Write an essay on the topic "My Respected Teacher". You should base your essay on the following outline. 1.你最尊敬的老师是谁？ 2.他/她的哪些行为赢得了你的尊敬？ 3.你从中有哪些感悟。 评析：空