英语清明上河图

AlongtheRiverDuringtheQingmingFestivalArtist ZhangZeduanYear 1085–1145Type PanoramicpaintingDimensions25.5cm×525cm(10.0in×207in)Location PalaceMuseum,Beijing AlongtheRiverDuringtheQingmingFestivalisapanoramicpaintinggenerallyattributedtotheSongDynastyartistZhangZeduan.ItcapturesthedailylifeofpeoplefromtheSongperiodatthecapital,Bianjing,today'sKaifeng.ThethemecelebratesthefestivespiritandworldlycommotionattheQingmingFestival,ratherthantheholiday'sceremonialaspects,suchastombsweepingandprayers.Theentirepiecewaspaintedinhandscrollformatandthecontentrevealsthelifestyleofalllevelsofthesocietyfromrichtopooraswellasdifferenteconomicactivitiesinruralareasandthecity.Asanartisticcreation,thepiecehasbeenreveredandcourtartistsofsubsequentdynastieshavemadeseveralre-interpretivereplicas.Thepaintingisalsoknownforitsgeometricallyaccurateimagesofboats,bridges,shops,andscenery.Becauseofitsfame,ithasbeencalled"China'sMonaLisa".AlongtheRiverDuringtheQingmingFestival SimilartotheMonaLisa,theQingmingscrollwassold,changinghandsamongnumerousprivateowners,beforeitfinallyreturnedtopublicownership.TheQingmingscrollisnotablehistoricallyasbeingamongthepaintingsfromtheformerimperialcollectionthatremaininpublicownershipinmainlandChina;itwasaparticularfavoriteofemperorPuyi,whotookitwithhimtoManchukuoandthuskepttheSongDynastyoriginaloutofthecollectionoftheNationalPalaceMuseum.Itwaslaterre-purchasedin1945andkeptatthePalaceMuseumintheForbiddenCity. About20to30variationsonthistopicbyartistsofsubsequentdynastiesweremade.SeveralMingandQingversionscanbefoundinpublicandprivatecollectionsaroundtheworld.Eachversionfollowstheoverallcompositionoftheoriginalfairlyfaithfully,however,thedetailsoftenvarywidely.TheSongDynastyoriginalandtheQingversion,intheBeijingandTaipeiPalaceMuseumsrespectively,areregardedasnationaltreasuresandareexhibitedonlyforbriefperiodseveryfewyears.Forinstance,thewaitinBeijingtoseethepaintingwasthreeandahalfhours.FeaturesoftheSongoriginal Inthe5.28-meterlongpicture,thereare814humans,28boats,60animals,30buildings,20vehicles,ninesedanchairs,and170treesdrawn.Thecountrysideandthedenselypopulatedcityarethetwomainsectionsinthepicture,withtherivermeanderingthroughtheentirelength.Therightsectionistheruralareaofthecity.Therearecropfieldsandunhurriedruralfolk—predominatelyfarmers,goatherds,andpigherders—inbucolicscenery.Acountrypathbroadensintoaroadandjoinswiththecityroad.Sectionofthepaintingonthefarright,showingtravelersamidstawoodedcountrysideAsceneofboatsdockingalongthesideoftheriverandurbansprawlapproachingthemaingateofthecityThebridgescenewherethecrewofanoncomingboathavenotyetfullyloweredtheirsailsandareindangerofcrashingintothebridgeSceneofurbansprawlrightbeforethebridgeleadingtothemaingateofthecityThemaingateofthecityandtheurbansettingwithin,withteahouses,vendors,homes,andvariousfiguresinteractingwithoneanotherHosting Inararemove,theSongoriginalwasexhibitedinHongKongfrom29Junetomid-August2007tocommemoratethe10thanniversaryofHongKong'stransfertothePeople'sRepublicofChina.ItisestimatedthatthecostsofshippingthepaintinghaverunintothemillionsofHongKongdollarsinadditiontothecostofinsuringthispieceofpricelessart,whichisestimatedtobeinthetensofmillionsofHongKongdollars. FromJanuary2–24,2012,thepaintingwasexhibitedintheTokyoNationalMuseumasthecenterpieceofaspecialexhibitiontomarkthe40thanniversaryofnormalizeddiplomaticrelationsbetweenChinaandJapan,withtheJapanesemuseumofficialsprovidingthe"highestsecuritystandards"fortheworkAssociatedpoem 蜀錦裝金壁AwallofgoldhasbeenmountedonShubrocade. 吳工聚碎金CraftsmenfromWucollectsparechange. 謳歌萬井富Topaytributetotheabundanceofamyriadoffamilies. 城闕九重深Thewatchtowersofthecityrisetogreatheights. 盛事誠觀止Thebustlingsceneistrulyimpressive. 遺踪借探尋Itisachancetoexplorevestigesofbygonedays. 當時誇豫大Atthattime,peoplemarveledatthesizeofYu, 此日歎徽欽Andnow,welamentthefatesofHuiandQin.