2019中考英语语法聚焦和练习八下Unit3_4人教新目标版

2019中考英语人教八下U3—4语法聚焦和练习及一、阅读理解。阅读下列短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。①Somedays,don’tyouthink,“Wouldn’titbeniceiftheclothesjustwasheditself?”Self-cleaningclothesmaysoundcrazy.ButAustralianresearchershavefoundawaytomakesomethinglikethispossible!②AteamatRMITUniversityinMelbourne,Australia,foundawaytoputspecialnanostructures(纳米结构)intoclothing,whichcanthencleantheclothes.Whensunlighthitsthenanostructures,theybreakdownthedirtandmarksthatdon’tbelongonyourclothes.③Thenanostructuresdon’tbreakdowntherealclothingbecausecottonandtheotherclothingmaterialsaretoostrongtobreakdown.AccordingtoCNN,theresearcherscovertheclothinginasolutionmadeofsilverandcopper(铜)nanostructures.Allittakesis40minutesofsunlightandyourclotheswilllookasgoodasnew.④Soifyouspillonyourselfduringlunch,youcanstepoutsideforawalk,anditwillbecleanbythetimeyougoinside.Itnotonlymakesyourlifeeasier,butitcanalsobegoodfortheenvironment.⑤AccordingtotheUSDepartmentofEnergy,washingapieceofclothingusesabout25gallonsofwater.Waterisaveryimportantresource,sousinglessofittowashclothesisbetterfortheenvironment.ButoneofthescientistsatRMITUniversityknowsmoreneedstobedone.⑥“There’smoreworktodobeforewecanstartthrowingoutourwashingmachines,”saidDrRajeshRamanathan,“butthisisastrongfoundation(基础).”Sowhat’sthenextstep?Ramanathanwantstoeitherstartsellingthesolutionbyitselforaskingclothingmakerstotreat(处理)theclothingwiththesolutionwhileclothesarebeingmade.1.Accordingtothefirstthreeparagraphs,_____.A.theself-cleaningclothesareeasilywornoutB.theclotheswillbecoveredwithsilverandcopperafterself-cleaningC.peoplecanusetheself-cleaningclothesonrainydaysD.thenanostructurescanbreakdowndirtandmarksonclothes2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“solution”inParagraph3mean?A.B.溶液C.水盆D.模型3.WhatdoParagraphs4&5talkabout?A.Howtheself-cleaningclothesaremade.B.Howtheself-cleaningclotheswork.C.Whatadvantagestheself-cleaningclotheshave.D.Whathelpstheself-cleaningclotheswork.4.Fromthepassage,welearnthat_____.A.it’stimetothrowoutourwashingmachinesB.thesolutionsellswellC.clothingmakerslikethesolutionD.thesolutionisnotonsaleyet5.Wemightreadtheabovepassagein________.A.afashionbookB.aguidebookC.asciencemagazineD.anewspaperadvertisement.参考答案1—5、DBCDC二、教材语法聚焦1.情态动词could的用法(八下Unit3)【基本用法】could礼貌请求和允许。【教材例句】1.—Couldwegetsomethingtodrinkafterthemovie?看完电影后我们能喝点东西吗？—No,youcan't.Youhaveabasketballgametomorrow.不，你们不能。明天你们有一场篮球赛。2.—CouldIgooutfordinnerwithmyfriends?我可以和朋友一起出去吃饭吗？—Sure,thatshouldbeOK.当然，那应该没问。【即学即练】(　　)1.—Iforgottobringmydictionarytoday.CouldIuseyours?—Yes,you______.A.couldB.canC.shouldD.must(　　)2.—Couldyoupleasepassmethepen?—______.A.Yes,IcouldB.No,Icouldn'tC.Sure.HereyouareD.No,that'snoproblem2.Whydon'tyou...？等提建议的句型及答语(八下Unit4)【基本用法】whydon'tyou表示建议时，相当于whynot，两者后面都接动词原形。【教材例句】1.Whydon'tyougotosleepearlierthisevening?今天晚上你为什么不早点睡呢？2.Youshouldcallhimsothatyoucansayyou'resorry.你应该给他打电话，这样你就能说你很抱歉。【即学即练】(　　)3.—Idon'tknowwheretogothissummervacation.—Whydon'tyou______visitingJingzhou?Therearemanyplacesofinterest.A.considerB.toconsiderC.consideringD.considered(　　)4.—Whynotplaybasketballnow?—______.A.Itdoesn'tmatterB.ThankyouC.SorrytohearthatD.Soundsgreat3.连词until,sothat,although引导的状语从句(八下Unit4)【基本用法】until“直到……时”，sothat“为的是；以便”，although“虽然”。【教材例句】1.I'mreallytiredbecauseIstudieduntilmidnightlastnight.我真的很累，因为昨晚一直学习到深夜。2.Heshouldtalktohisfriendsothathecansayhe'ssorry.他应该跟他的朋友谈谈，以便他可以说他很抱歉。3.Althoughshe'swrong,it'snotabigdeal.虽然她错了，但没什么大不了的。【即学即练】(　　)5.Jennydidn'tgotobed______hermothercamehomelastnight.A.assoonasB.ifC.whileD.until(　　)6.Sheboughtadigitalcameraonline______shewouldsavealotoftime.A.suchthatB.sothatC.assoonasD.nomatter(　　)7.______heisalittlechild,heknowsalot.A.UnlessB.SinceC.AlthoughD.Until参考答案：1～5BCADD　6～7BC三、完形填空。Growingupisnotalwayseasy.Whenwefacedifficulties,aspiritofdependingon_ 1   ismoreusefulthancryingforhelp.That’swhatHongZhanhui’sstoryofgrowingfromboytoman    2   familyhardshiptellsus.Hongwasbornin 1982in apoorfamilyinXihuaCounty(县),HenanProvince.Whenhewasonly11,hisfatherbecamebadlyillandonedayhecamebackwithanunwantedbaby   3   .Ayearlater,Hong’smother   4    home.Shenolongerwantedtolivesuchapoorlifeandfacehersickhusband.Soeverythinghardfellontotheyoungboy’s   5   :totakecareofhisfatherandtheyoungersisterChenchen,andtogoontostudy.Althoughhislifewashard,Hongdidn’tgoawayfromhisfatherandsister.Hetookseveralpart-timejobsto    6    hisfamily.Heclimbedtalltreestogetbirds’eggsforhissister.Hewalked2hoursatweekendstothemarketto   7    differentthingstosellaroundhisschool.Afewyearslater,hestudiedatacollege.TotakecareofChenchen,heworkedhardto   8    a roomnearhiscollegeforher,andsenthertoschool.AfterHong’sstorywent    9   ,hebecameaheroinpeople’seyes.ButHong ___10___ offersfromothers.Hesaidhefeltencouragedbykindoffers,buthecoulddependonhisownwork.Throughhishardlife,hehasgrownupfromboytoman.()1.A.parents       B.friends             C.yourself            D.God()2.A.outof         B.into                    C.without       D.with()3.A.dog      B.cat           C.girl                  D.boy()4.A.left         B.arrived               C.went           D.came()5.A.back                  B.shoulders          C.head         D.body()6.A.help                  B.save        C.protect       D.feed()7.A.make                 B.buy       C.produce      D.collect()8.A.build                 B.borrow              C.rent       D.share()9.A.public                B.clear                 C.by           D.far()10.A.accepted     B.asked              C.received       D.refused【答案详解】1-5CDCAB6-10DDCAD1.【解析】选C。句意理解题。dependon“依靠”，后面一句That’swhatHongZhanhui’sstory，那就是洪战辉的故事，以及下文的叙述，我们可知是依靠自己，故选C。2.【解析】选D。句意理解题。根据句意：那就是洪战辉从一个男孩到一个男人具有艰苦的家庭生活所告诉我们的成长故事；withfamilyhardship在句子中作伴随状语。故选D。3.【解析】选C。语境理解题。依据下文可知：洪战辉领回的是一名女婴。故选C。4.【解析】选C。推理判断题。依据下文可知他的母亲离开了这个家，所以用left。故选C。5.【解析】选B。语境理解题。由下文照顾他的父亲和小妹妹晨晨，并且继续学习。所以前面说的一切艰难都落在了这个年轻人的肩上。故选B。6.【解析】选D。语意理解题。从段首句：尽管生活困难，他没有离开父亲和妹妹。他找了几份兼职的工作去养活他的家人。由此句句意可知，故选D。7.【解析】选A。语意理解题。根据句意：在周末他步行两小时去市场，尝试在学校附近卖不同的东西。注意此句中make的含义：是“尝试”而不是“制造”，故选A。8.【解析】选C。推理判断题。依据上句TotakecareofChenchen,heworkedhard 为了照顾晨晨他努力工作在学校附近租了一间房子，build 建造；borrow 借；share 分享；都不符合题意，故选C。9.【解析】选A。推理判断题。由下文 hebecameaheroinpeople’seyes.他变成了人们眼中的英雄，所以上一句应该是洪的故事公之于众之后。gopublic 公之于众，故选A。10.【解析】选D。推理判断题。accepted 接受；asked  问；received 收到；refused 拒绝；由下文的他说因为这些善举他感到很受鼓舞，但是他能依靠他自己的工作，根据句意应该是“拒绝”，故选D。四、短文改错。DearMary,Thanksyouforyourfamilyphotos.1．Itarebeautiful.2．Hereismyfamilyphotos.3．Mary,Ineedmynotebook,canyoubring(带来)ittoI?4．Ihas2basketballs,5．andIhave5photoes6．andaeraser.7．Iwanttotake(带到)abasketballtoJimschool.8.Theycanplaythebasketballeveryday.9．Iisveryhappy,Areyouhappy?10．参考答案1．Thank2．They3．Are4．me5．Have6．Photos7．An8．Jim’s9．去掉the10.am【解析】试题：这篇短文是一封给Mary的回信。信中提到了他的家庭照片，他还想让Mary把他的笔记本带来。他有2个篮球，他想带一个去Jim的学校，这样他们就可以每天打篮球了，所以他很开心。1．句意：感谢你的家庭照片。Thankyoufor…,因为……而感谢你，这句话知thank应该使用原形，它还有一种说法是Thanksfor…。2．句意：他们非常漂亮。根据上句话的意思可知，这里说的是familyphotos，家庭照片，是复数形式，因此代替它的代词也应该是复数的，故把it改为they。3．句意：这是我的家庭照片。根据这句话的意思可知，这句话的主语应该是myfamilyphotos，是复数形式，因此动词be也应该用复数，把is改为are。4．句意：Mary，我需要我的笔记本，你能把它带给我吗？根据句意可知，这里的“我”在句中做的是to的宾语，所以应该用宾格形式。I是主格形式，故把I改为me。5．句意：我有2个篮球。has意思是有，它应该用于主语是第三人称单数的时候。I是第一人称，它后面应该用have。6．句意：我有2个篮球和5张照片。photo的意思是照片，根据句意可知，我有5张照片，所以应该用复数，它的复数形式是直接在后面加s，不是加es。7．句意：我有2个篮球、5张照片和一个橡皮。eraser是一个名词，意思是橡皮，这个单词的第一个音是元音发音，所以不定冠词应该用an。故应该把a改为an。8．句意：我想带一个篮球去Jim的学校。根据句意可知，这里应该是说去Jim的学校，Jim是一个名词，这里应该把它改为所有格的形式，表示Jim的，即Jim’s。9．句意：他们可以每天打篮球。playbasketball打篮球，是一个固定的短语。在球类运动的前面不加冠词，所以把the去掉。10句意：我非常开心，你开心吗？这句话的主语是I，是第一人称，它后面的be动词应该是am，而不是is。is应该用于主语是第三人称单数的时候。PAGE1