福建省福州市2021届高中毕业班3月质量检测（一模）英语试题及答案

福建省福州市2021届高中毕业班3月质量检测（一模）英语学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读选择Thenewyearalwaysbringspredictions.Youknowwhogetsthemright?BLUETOOTHInhisfuturistic1953novelFahrenheit451,RayBradburyanticipatedBluetooth,describingwirelessearphonesthatallowedfor"anelectronicoceanofsound,ofmusicandtalk"tobetransferredthroughtheair.ImaginehowthrilledhewouldhavebeenwithaBluetoothtoaster!ThatwastheideabehindGriffin'sConnectedToaster,whichwarnedyouviasmartphonewhenyourtoastwasdone.At$100,thisbabycostalotofbread,whichmaybewhyitwasdiscontinuedjusttwoyearsafterlaunch.SMARTWATCHTheAppleWatchletsyouchat,playgames,andwatchvideosonadevicefastenedtoyourwrist.Cool,huh?TheJetsonsthoughtso…in1962—whenSteveJobswasstillinsecondgrade!WI-FINikolaTeslacalledit!In1909,thefamouselectricalengineertoldtheNewYorkTimes,"Itwillsoonbepossibletosendwirelessmessagesallovertheworldsosimplythatanyindividualcancarryandoperatehisownequipment."NodoubthewasthinkingoftheKérastaseHairCoachbrush,whichmeasuredbrushingspeedandemployedamicro-phonetolistentoyourhair,alltocomputeanoverallhair-qualityscoresenttoyoursmartphone.(Alas,ittooisgone.)GPSWriterArthurC．Clarke(2001:ASpaceOdyssey)sawaworldinwhichnoonegotlost.In1956，hewrotethatsatellites“couldmakepossibleaposition-findinggrid(铁网)wherebyanyonecouldlocatehimselfbymeansofacoupleofdialsonaninstrumentaboutthesizeofawatch.”Clarkedidn'tmentionthathissystemmightalsotrackanotherperson,suchasacriminal.Lastyear,theNewYorkCitypolicearrestedarobberwhowaswearingaGPSanklemonitor—becausehewasstillonprobation(缓刑)forapriorcrime.1．Whichofthepredictionsistheearliest?A．BLUETOOTH.B．SMARTWATCH,C．WI-FI.D．GPS.2．WhydidGriffin'sConnectedToasterdisappear?A．Tooexpensive.B．Outofdate.C．AlittleawkwardD．Energy-consuming.3．WhatwasClarke’sprediction?A．AGPSanklemonitor.B．Arobber-arrestinginstrument.C．Awatchthatcouldseetheworld.D．Aninstrumentthatcouldlocateaperson.IneverthoughtI'dhearmyselfsayit,butI'vegrowntoenjoyliftingweights，andI'velearnedfromdoingit.Ienjoythesenseofstrengthanddisciplinethatcomeswhenthemusclesareforcedtoresist.I'vetriedvaryingschedules—liftingeveryday,everyotherday,twodaysonandadayoff.Theeverydayapproachwastheleasteffective.IgetthebeststrengtheningresultswhenIgivemyselfabreak.Thesameistruewithmindandspirit.Withoutgivingyourselfachancetoreenergize,youbegintobreakdownalltheconnectivefibersofyourlife.IusedtojustgivemyselfSundaysoff.NowI'mschedulingdowntimeinthemidstofeverything—and“everything”includestwomagazines,buildingahouseinHawaii,workingonanABCmovie—and,ohyeah,mydayjob.Keepingitallstraightwasbeginningtofeelalittlestressful.SoItoldmyselfthatjustbecauseIhavetenfreeminutesonmycalendardoesn'tmeanIwanttofillthem.Breathingspacehastobecomepartofmydailyroutine.Soinsteadofhavingpeoplelinedupoutsidemyofficeafterthefirstshow—Itapetwoaday—Idonothingforatleasttenminutes.Thechangehasworkedwonders.Ihavemoreenergy,andI'minabettermoodforthesecondshowandallthebusinessthatcomesafterward.NowthatIhavethesummerofftositunderthetreesreading,napping,writing,andthinking,Iknowforsureit’stimewellspent.I’mrefillingmytanksothatbyfall,whenthenewseasonbegins,I'llbefiredupandreadyforwhateveristocome.Fullyrestored.4．Whatisthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A．Toarousethereaders'concern.B．Tosummarizethewholepassage.C．Tostatetheimportanceofagoodlifestyle.D．Tointroducethethemeofthewholepassage.5．Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragreewith?A．Keepingeverythingstraight.B．Restingatanytime.C．Takingbreaksbetweentasks.D．Havingafullschedule.6．Whatdoestheunderlined“it”inPara.2referto?A．Everything.B．Buildingahouse.C．Mydayjob.D．Workingonamovie.7．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Liftingweightschangespeopledlife.B．Alittlerestorationhelpsgoalongway.C．Whypeopleneedtobeinhighspirits.D．Tenminutes'breakwillworkwonders.TheMayacityofTikalisfamousforitsamazingpalacesandtemples.ButsomethingfarmoreordinarykeptTikalfunctioning:itswater-purifying(净化)system,theearliestknownofitskind.Researchersrecentlydiscoveredavolcanicmineralthattrapsmicrobes(微生物)andheavymetalsinTikal'slargestreservoir(水库).Becausethematerialisnotfoundnearby,thefindingsuggeststhepresenceofaman-madewater-purifyingdevice.Thefindingdeniesthelong-standingideathattheancientworldstechnologicalachievementsbelongedtotheEasternworld,likeEgypt,andChina.Theleadingscientistofthisresearch,KennethTankersleysays,“Whentalkingaboutpurifyingwater,theMayawerethousandsofyearsahead.”LocatedintheforestsofCentralAmerica,Tikal,isthoughttohavebeenhometomorethan45,000people.TheyhadtostruggleagainstadryseasonlastingfromNovemberthroughApril.Storingwaterinreservoirswasasolution,butthatwaterhadtobefittodrink,saidKenneth,“Keepingwatercleanwasofgreatimportance.”Afewyearsago,theresearchersweresurprisedtofindthatthelargestreservoir,Corriental,hadsignificantlyfewerharmfulchemicalsthantheothers.“ThewaterqualityatCorrientalwasmuchhigher.”SomehowtheMayamusthavebeenpurifyingCorriental’swater,theteamassumed.“TheMayausedgardensastheirbathrooms.”Kennethsaid,“Thewatercomingintothereservoirwouldnothavebeenveryclean.”AtthebottomofCorriental,scientistsfoundfourseparatelayers(层),eachafewcentimetersthick,ofmillimeter-scale“zeolites(沸石)”.Thistypeofvolcanicmineralcanpurifywaterandisstillinwidespreadusetoday,Kennethsays,“Justabouteverythingwedrink,frombottledwatertowine,runsthroughazeolitepurifyingdevice.”TheMayawouldn’thaveknownaboutthezeoliteinrock,buttheywouldhaverecognizedthepurifyingeffects,theresearcherssuggest.Azeolite-richrockformationabout30kilometersnortheastofTikalisthelikelysourceofthematerialinCorrientalreservoir,theteamsaidlastmonthinScientificReports.Wateratthissite“wasclearandtastedgood.”8．Whatdidtheresearchersfind?A．Anewmaterialcalledzeolites.B．Thepurifyingeffectsofzeolites.C．Anoldwater-purifyingsystem.D．High-qualitywaterinCorriental.9．HowdidtheMayapurifywater?A．Bybuildingthelargestreservoir.B．Byusinggardensastheirbathrooms.C．Bygettingridofheavymetals.D．Byspreadingfourlayersofzeolites.10．Whatcanwelearnfromtheresearch?A．TheMayadrankbottledwater.B．TheancientMayawereverybright.C．Thesystemwascreatedbyaccident.D．ThezeoliteswerefoundinCorriental.11．AccordingtoKenneth,________.A．theoriginalwaterinCorrientalwasnotcleanenoughB．watersupplyinTikallastedfromNovembertoAprilC．allancienttechnologicalachievementsbelongedtotheEastD．theMayahadagoodunderstandingofthezeoliteinrocksCanafishbedepressed?ThisquestionhasbeenonmyheadeversinceIspentanightinahotelacrossfromasad-lookingfish.HisnamewasBruceLee.Thepleasantwomanatthefrontdeskassuredmethathewaswelltakencareof.WasIincorrectlyassuminghislazinesswasasignofbeingupset?WhenIsoughtanswersfromscientists,Iassumedthattheywouldfindthequestionridiculous.Buttheydidnot.Newresearchhasbeentotallyshiftingthewaythatscientiststhinkaboutfishcognition(认知)，buildingacasethatpetandownerarenotnearlyasdifferentasmanyassume.Theneurochemistry(神经化学）issosimilarthatit’sscary,saidJulianPittman，aprofessor.Wetendtothinkofthemassimplelivingthings,butthereisalotwedon'tgivefishcreditfor.Dr.Pittmanlikesworkingwithfish,inpart,becausetheyaresoobviousabouttheirdepression.Azebrafishgetsdroppedinanewtank.Ifafterfiveminutesitishangingoutinthelowerhalf,it’sdepressed.Ifit’sswimminguptop,thenit’snot.Isdepressiontherightword?There'stheobviousissuethatwecannotaskanimalshowtheyfeel,saysDr.DiegoA．Pizzagali.Neitherfishnorratscancatchtheentirerangeofdepressionasweknowit.Thereisaheateddebateaboutwhetheranxiousordepressedisamoreappropriateterm.ButwhathasconvincedDr.Pittman,andothers,overthepasttenyearsiswatchingthewaythezebrafishloseinterestinjustabouteverything:food,toys,exploration,justlikeclinicallydepressedpeoplewhoarewithdrawn.Thesameistrueoffish.Oneofthethingswe'refindingisthatfisharenaturallycuriousandseeknovelthingsout,saidDr.Braithwaite.Inotherwords,yourgoldfishisprobablybored.Tohelpgetridofdepression,sheurgesintroducingnewobjectstothetankorswitchingupthelocationofitems.12．WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A．Fishareconsideredsimplelivingthings.B．Petandownerarealwaysassumedthesame.C．Scientistshavelearntalotaboutfishcognition.D．Fishandhumanbeingshavesomethingincommon.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“withdrawn”inParagraph6probablymean?A．Quietandshy.B．Happyandexcited.C．Interestedandcareful.D．Disappointedandsurprised.14．Whycanfishbecomeboredaccordingtothetext?A．Theyneedoxygenfromtheair.B．Theyarenotborntobecurious.C．Theylacknewthingstoexplore.D．Theycan’tlocatethepositionsofitems.15．Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A．FishDepressionIsnotaJoke.B．FishCanBeaBoringPet.C．FishNeedBetterCareMore.D．FishCognitionDoesnotExist.参考1．C2．A3．D【】本文是说明文。文章讲述了促使蓝牙、智能手表、无线网及全球定位系统等科技产品产生的历史预测。1．细节理解题。由文章第二段第一句“Inhisfuturistic1953novelFahrenheit451,RayBradburyanticipatedBluetooth,describingwirelessearphonesthatallowedfor"anelectronicoceanofsound,ofmusicandtalk"tobetransferredthroughtheair.(雷·布拉德伯里在1953年出版的科幻小说《华氏451度》中预言了蓝牙，描述了无线耳机可以通过空气传输“声音、音乐和对话的电子海洋”)”可知，对蓝牙的预测是在1953年；由文章第三段第二句“TheJetsonsthoughtso…in1962—whenSteveJobswasstillinsecondgrade!(杰森一家是这么认为的……在1962年——当时史蒂夫·乔布斯还在上二年级！)”可知，对智能手表的预测是在1962年；由文章第四段第二句“In1909,thefamouselectricalengineertoldtheNewYorkTimes,"Itwillsoonbepossibletosendwirelessmessagesallovertheworldsosimplythatanyindividualcancarryandoperatehisownequipment."(1909年，这位著名的电气师在接受《纽约时报》采访时表示：“不久以后，将无线信息发送到世界各地将成为可能，这种方式非常简单，任何人都可以携带并操作自己的设备。”)”可知，对无线网的预测是在1909年；由文章第五段第二句“In1956，hewrotethatsatellites“couldmakepossibleaposition-findinggrid(铁网)wherebyanyonecouldlocatehimselfbymeansofacoupleofdialsonaninstrumentaboutthesizeofawatch.”(1956年，他写道，卫星“可以使一个定位网格成为可能，任何人都可以通过一个手表大小的仪器上的两个刻度盘来确定自己的位置”)”可知，对GPS的预测是在1956年。综上所述，对无线网的预测是最早的。故选C项。2．推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“At$100,thisbabycostalotofbread,whichmaybewhyitwasdiscontinuedjusttwoyearsafterlaunch.(这款售价100美元的“宝宝”要花很多面包，这可能就是为什么它在推出两年后就停产了)”可知，导致格里芬的联网烤面包机消失的原因是它太贵了。故选A项。3．推理判断题。根据文章第五段第二句“In1956,hewrotethatsatellites“couldmakepossibleaposition-findinggrid(铁网)wherebyanyonecouldlocatehimselfbymeansofacoupleofdialsonaninstrumentaboutthesizeofawatch.””(1956年，他写道，卫星“可以使一个定位网格成为可能，任何人都可以通过一个手表大小的仪器上的两个刻度盘来确定自己的位置”)”可知，Clarke的预测是能够定位一个人位置的仪器。故选D项。4．D5．C6．A7．D【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过作者的亲身经历，告诉我们“十分钟的休息会创造奇迹。”4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“I'vetriedvaryingschedules—liftingeveryday,everyotherday,twodaysonandadayoff.Theeverydayapproachwastheleasteffective.IgetthebeststrengtheningresultswhenIgivemyselfabreak.(我尝试过改变作息时间——每天放松、每隔一天放松、上两天放松、休息一天放松。每天锻炼的方法效果最差。当我让自己休息一下时，我得到了最好的强化效果)”和第二段第一句“Thesameistruewithmindandspirit.(头脑和精神也是如此)”可知，第一段的作用是“为了介绍整篇文章的主题”。故选D。5．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Withoutgivingyourselfachancetoreenergize,youbegintobreakdownalltheconnectivefibersofyourlife.(如果不给自己重新充电的机会，你就会开始破坏生活中所有的连接纤维)”可知，作者会同意“在工作之间休息。”故选C。6．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“NowI'mschedulingdowntimeinthemidstofeverything—and“everything”includestwomagazines,buildingahouseinHawaii,workingonanABCmovie—and,ohyeah,mydayjob.Keepingitallstraightwasbeginningtofeelalittlestressful.(现在，我要在所有事情中间安排休息时间——“所有事情”包括两本杂志，在夏威夷盖房子，为ABC的一部电影工作——哦，对了，还有我的日常工作。我开始觉得把事情搞清楚有点压力)”可推知，划线词it指代的是上文中的everything。故选A。7．主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“IgetthebeststrengtheningresultswhenIgivemyselfabreak.(当我让自己休息一下时，我得到了最好的强化效果)”和第三段“Soinsteadofhavingpeoplelinedupoutsidemyofficeafterthefirstshow—Itapetwoaday—Idonothingforatleasttenminutes.Thechangehasworkedwonders.Ihavemoreenergy,andI'minabettermoodforthesecondshowandallthebusinessthatcomesafterward.(所以在第一次演出后，人们在我的办公室外排队——我每天录两盘——我至少有十分钟什么都不做。这种改变创造了奇迹。我有了更多的精力，对于第二场演出和之后的所有业务，我也有了更好的心情)”可知，这篇文章讲述的是“十分钟的休息会创造奇迹”。故选D。8．C9．D10．B11．A【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了玛雅城市Tikal的水净化系统，这是已知的最早的净水系统。8．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“ResearchersrecentlydiscoveredavolcanicmineralthattrapsmicrobesandheavymetalsinTikal'slargestreservoir.Becausethematerialisnotfoundnearby,thefindingsuggeststhepresenceofaman-madewater-purifyingdevice.(研究人员最近在Tikal最大的水库中发现了一种火山矿物，它能捕获微生物和重金属。由于附近没有发现这种物质，这一发现表明存在一种人造净水器)”可知，科学家们在Tikal最大的水库中发现了一种火山矿物。通过这一物质，从而发现这里存在着旧时的人造净水系统。故选C。9．细节理解题。根据文章第七段“AtthebottomofCorriental,scientistsfoundfourseparatelayers(层),eachafewcentimetersthick,ofmillimeter-scale“zeolites(沸石)”.Thistypeofvolcanicmineralcanpurifywaterandisstillinwidespreadusetoday(在Corriental的底部，科学家们发现了四个不同的由毫米级沸石组成的岩层，每一层只有几厘米厚。这种类型的火山矿物可以净化水，今天仍然被广泛使用)”可知，玛雅人通过四层沸石来净化饮用水。故选D。10．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Thefindingdeniesthelong-standingideathattheancientworldstechnologicalachievementsbelongedtotheEasternworld,likeEgypt,andChina.Theleadingscientistofthisresearch,KennethTankersleysays,“Whentalkingaboutpurifyingwater,theMayawerethousandsofyearsahead.”(这一发现否认了长期以来的观点，即古代世界的技术成就属于东方世界，例如埃及和中国。这项研究的首席科学家KennethTankersley说：谈论净化水时，玛雅人已经进行了数千年)”可知，玛雅人在净化水这一成就上远远领先于世界其他地方。由此推知，玛雅人非常聪明。故选B。11．细节理解题。根据文章第六段““TheMayausedgardensastheirbathrooms.”Kennethsaid,“Thewatercomingintothereservoirwouldnothavebeenveryclean.”(研究小组认为，玛雅人一定以某种方式净化了Corriental的水。“玛雅人使用花园作为浴室。”肯尼斯说：“流入水库的水不会很干净。”)”可知，Kenneth认为玛雅人将花园作为浴室，流入水库的水不干净。即一开始流入Corriental的水不是很干净。故选A。12．D13．A14．C15．A【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了鱼和人类有很多共同之处，也会得抑郁症，也有精神问题。12．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Newresearchhasbeentotallyshiftingthewaythatscientiststhinkaboutfishcognition(认知)，buildingacasethatpetandownerarenotnearlyasdifferentasmanyassume.Theneurochemistry(神经化学）issosimilarthatit’sscary,saidJulianPittman，aprofessor.”（一项新的研究已经完全改变了科学家们对鱼类认知的看法，建立了一个案例，证明宠物和主人并不像许多人想象的那么不同。教授JulianPittman说，两者的神经化学成分非常相似，令人感到害怕。）可知，第三段主要说明鱼和人类有一些共同之处。故选D项。13．词义猜测题。根据第六段中划线词句前一部分“ButwhathasconvincedDr.Pittman,andothers,overthepasttenyearsiswatchingthewaythezebrafishloseinterestinjustabouteverything:food,toys,exploration,justlikeclinicallydepressedpeople…”（但让Pittman博士和其他人信服的是，在过去的十年里，斑马鱼是如何失去对一切事物的兴趣的：食物、玩具、探索，就像临床抑郁症患者一样……）可知，斑马鱼会像临床抑郁症患者一样，划线词句后一部分“whoarewithdrawn”是定语从句，是对先行词clinicallydepressedpeople的解释，根据抑郁症常识，从而推知划线词汇withdrawn意为“不喜交流，孤僻胆小”。选项A“安静而胆小”与之意义最为接近，故选A项。14．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Oneofthethingswe'refindingisthatfisharenaturallycuriousandseeknovelthingsout,saidDr.Braithwaite.Inotherwords,yourgoldfishisprobablybored.Tohelpgetridofdepression,sheurgesintroducingnewobjectstothetankorswitchingupthelocationofitems.”（我们发现的一件事是，鱼天生好奇，会寻找新奇的东西，Dr.Braithwaite说。换句话说，你的金鱼可能很无聊。为了帮助摆脱抑郁，她敦促在水箱中加入新物体或改变物品的位置。）可知，鱼可能会因为缺乏新的东西去探索而感到无聊。故选C项。15．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第二段中“WhenIsoughtanswersfromscientists,Iassumedthattheywouldfindthequestionridiculous.Buttheydidnot.Newresearchhasbeentotallyshiftingthewaythatscientiststhinkaboutfishcognition(认知)，buildingacasethatpetandownerarenotnearlyasdifferentasmanyassume.”（当我向科学家们寻求答案时，我以为他们会觉得这个问题很荒谬。但他们没有。一项新的研究已经完全改变了科学家们对鱼类认知的看法，建立了一个案例，宠物和主人并不像许多人想象的那么不同。）等内容可知，本文主要讲述了鱼和人类有很多共同之处，也会得抑郁症，也有精神问题，这是真实的，不是开玩笑。选项A“鱼患抑郁症不是玩笑。”精准突出主题，吸引人的注意力，适合做标题。故选A项。