了不起的盖茨比论文

OUTLINEAbstractKeyWordsIntroductionBackgroundLifeExperienceSocialRealityUseofSymbolismTheSymbolismofNameDaisyGatsbyTom3.2TheSymbolismlofSettingEastEggandWestEggTheValleyofAshes3.3.3TheEyesofDr.T,J,EckleburgTheSymbolismofColorGreen-Hope,Dream,EnvyBlue-QuietMelancholy,FantasyYellow(Golden)-Fame,Fortune,FallWhite-Purity,Indifference,EmptyGrey-DesolationRuinsDesperationConclusionBibliography中文标题、摘要、关键词OntheFunctionoftheSymbolisminExpressingThemeofTheGreatGatsbyAuthor:xierongfengNumber：xxxTutor:liuguoyingAbstract:F.ScottFitzgerald,Americannovelistandshortstorywriter,iswidelyconsidertheliteraryspokesmanofthe“jazzage”-thedecadeofthe1920s.In1925,Fitzgeraldpublishedhismasterpiece,TheGreatGatsby.Inthisbook,heemploysallkindsofnames,settingsandcolorsassymbolstoreflectthecharacteristicsoftheageandtodeepenthethemeofthework.TheauthorofthepapermainlyanalyzesthefunctionofthesymbolisminmanifestingthethemedisillusionofAmericandream-oftheworkfromthereaspectsofthesymbols-name,settingandcolor.KeyWords:Symbolism;Americandream;TheGreatGatsbyI」ntroductionF.ScottFitzgeraldwasborninanotrichfamily,sohewantedtoearnlotsofmoneytobecomerichtoenjoyhighqualitylife.Tosatisfyhiswife'slimitlessrequirements,helivedaveryhardlife.ThetempoofhislifeslackenedashislifewasshreddedbyZelda'sinsanityandhisownself-destructivealcoholism.ThroughyearsofemotionalandphysicalcollapsehestruggledtorepairhislifebywritingforHollywood-producingatthesametimeaseriesofstoriesthatexposedhishumiliationthere.HebecameoneofthegreatestwritersinAmericanliteratureandwrotemanyworksinhislifetimetomanifesttheliferealityofthattime.Hewasaspokesmanfortheso-calledJazzAge,settingapersonalaswellasliteraryexampleforagenerationwhosefirstcommandmentwas:Dowhatyouwill.HefellfromfavorasawriterwhentheindulgentdecadeofhistriumphwentdownundertheimpactofaworldwideDepressioninthe1930s.TheGreatGatsbyisregardedashismasterpiece.FirstpublishedonApril10,1925,thestoryissetinLongIsland'sNorthShoreandNewYorkCityduringthesummerof1922.ThenoveltellsofGatsby,anidealist,whotriestorecapturehislostlovebutinvainandisfinallydestroyedbytheinfluenceofthewealthypeoplearoundhim.ThestorydealssymbolicallywiththefailureoftheAmericandreamaspersonifiedintherichandbeautifulwomanDaisywhobelongstocorruptsociety.TheGreatGatsbyevokesahauntingmoodofaglamorous,wildtimethatseeminglywillnevercomeagain.Itisaboutthelossofanidealandthedisillusionmentthatcomeswiththefailureembodiedfullyinthepersonaltragedyofayoungman(Gatsby)whose“incorruptibledream”is“smashedintopiecesbytherelentlessreality”.Gatsby'sfailuretorealizehisidealsymbolizesthedisillusionmentoftheAmericanDream.Also,Gatsbys'intensityofdreamrepresentsastateofcommitmenttakeshiminsearchofhispersonalgrail;Gatsby'sfailuremagnifiestoagreatextenttheendoftheAmericanDream.However,theaffirmationofhopeandexpectationisself-assertedinF.ScottFitzgerald'sartisticmanipulationofthecentralsymbolinthenovel,thegreenlight,II.BackgroundLifeExperienceF.ScottFitzgeraldwasbornin1896intoaSt,Paulmiddle-classfamily.AfteranunsuccessfulundergraduatecareeratPrinceton,heenteredtheArmyasasecondLieutenantandwhileintrainingcamphemetthebeautifulgirlwhowastobecomehiswife,HemarriedZeldaSayreashisliterarycareergotofftoameteoricstartin1920.Throughthe1920swhenmoneyseemedplentifulandpostwarmoralityencouragedarecklesspursuitofhappiness,heandZeldatraveledinEuropeandNewYork,actingouttheglamorouslife-stylehewroteofinhismostpopularmagazinefiction.Hewasaspokesmanfortheso-calledJazzAge,settingapersonalaswellasliteraryexampleforagenerationwhosefirstcommandmentwas:Dowhatyouwill.ThespeedofhislifeslackenedashislifewasshreddedbyZelda'sinsanityandhisownself-destructivealcoholism.HefellfromfavorasawriterwhentheindulgentdecadeofhistriumphwentdownundertheimpactofaworldwideDepressioninthe1930s.ThroughyearsofemotionalandphysicalcollapsehestruggledtorepairhislifebywritingforHollywood-producingatthesametimeaseriesofstoriesthatexposedhishumiliationthere.SocialRealityThewriterlivedinthe1920swhichiscalledtheJazzAgeinAmericanliterature.FollowingtheshockandchaosofWorldWarI,Americansocietyenjoyedunprecedentedlevelsofprosperityduringthe"roaring"1920sastheeconomysoared.Atthesametime,Prohibition,thebanonthesaleandmanufactureofalcoholmandatedbytheEighteenthAmendment,mademillionairesoutofbootleggersandledtoanincreaseinorganizedcrime.AlthoughFitzgerald,likeNickCarrawayinhisnovel,idolizedtherichesandglamouroftheage,hewasuncomfortablewiththeunrestrainedmaterialismandlackofmoralitythatwentwithit.TheAmericanDreamisthefaithheldbymanyintheUnitedStatesofAmericathatthoughhardwork,courage,anddeterminationonecanachieveabetterlifeforoneself,usuallythroughfinancialprosperity.ThesewerevaluesheldbymanyearlyEuropeansettlers,andhavebeenpassedontosubsequentgenerations.NowadaystheAmericanDreamhasledtoanemphasisonmaterialwealthasameasureofsuccessand/orhappiness.AmericanDreamalsoreferstothedreamofmaterialsuccess,inwhichone,regardlessofsocialstatus,acquireswealthandgainssuccessbyworkinghardandgoodluck.Thenovelisremarkableforitsevocationofanatmosphereofconflictandparadox.Thepartyiscrowdedandyetempty.Thenightisbeautifulbutgarish.ThescenenotonlyepitomizestheJazzAge,itssuperficialityandtawdrinessanditsequallypowerfulsweetnessandcharm,butalsorepresentstheautho'srmajortheme:thedisillusionofAmericanDream,III.UseofSymbolismSymbolmeansanact,aperson,athing,oraspectaclethatstandsforsomethingelse,usuallysomethingelsepalpablethanthatthenamedsymbol.Therelationshipbetweenthesymbolanditsreferentisnotoftenoneofsimpleequivalencewith.Allegoricalsymbolsusuallyexpressaneaterequivalencewithwhattheystandforthanthesymbolfoundinmodernrealisticfiction.Thetermsymbolismreferstotheuseofsymbol,ortoasetofrelatedsymbols;howeveritisalsothenamegiventoanimportantmovementinlater19th-centuryandearly20th-centurypoetry:forthissense,seeSymbolists.OneoftheimportantfeaturesofRomanticismandsucceedingphaseofWesternliteraturewasamuchmorepronouncedrelianceuponenigmaticsymbolisminbothpoetryandprosefiction,sometimesinvolvingobscureprivatecodesofmeaning,asinthepoetryofBlakeandYeats.Inthenove-TlheGreatGatsby,thewriterhasusedmanykindsofsymbols,suchasthesymbolismofname,settingandcolortomanifestthethemeofthenovelandreflectthesocialrealityofthattime.TheSymbolismofNameInthenovel,theauthorusessymbolismskillfully,characterizingtheroles,deepeningthethemeandreflectingthecharacteristicsofthetimes.Wearetalkingaboutmostisthesoundandcolorofthesymbolicsignificance,andoftenoverlookedsymbolicmeaningofsymbolicnameinthenovel.F.ScottFitzgeraldtreatedthenamingofthecharactersinthenovelcanbedescribedasOriginality.Weallhaveacertainextentgeneratedafixedviewsonthehabitofname,andthenamesofthecharactersinT"heGreatGatsby”havetheintentiontohelpshapethecharacters,deepenthethemeofthenovel,toguidereaderstounderstandthedeeperleveloftheideologicalcontentofthenovel.GatsbyGatsbyisthemostimportantcharacterofthisnovel.Inordertowinhisbelovedwoman-Daisyback,heengageshimselfinbootleggingandother“shabby”activities,thusearningenoughmoneytobuyamagnificentimitationFrenchvilla.TherehespreadsdazzlingpartieseveryweekendinhopeofalluringtheBuchanan'tsocome.TheyfinallycomeandGatsbymeetsDaisyagain,onlytofindthatthewomanbeforehimisnotquitetheidealloveofhisdreams.Finallyhewasdeadininnocently.Hisdeathistheproductofcarelessnessandchance.Nickimaginesit:IhaveanideathatGatsbydidn'tbelievehimselfthatit[thephonecallfromDaisy]wouldcome,andperhapshenolongercared.Ifthatwastruehemusthavefeltthathehadlosttheoldwormworld,paidahighpriceforlivingsolongwithadingledream.Hemusthavelookedupatanunfamiliarskythroughfrighteningleavesandshiveredashefoundwhatagrotesquethingaroseisandhowrawthesunlightwasuponscarcelycreatedgrass.Anewworld,materialwithoutbeingreal,wherepoorghostsbreathingdreamslikeair,driftedfortuitouslyabout…liketheashen,fantasticglidingtowardhimthoughtheamorphoustrees.(Fitzgerald,2005,168)Inthenovel.Fitzgeraldbothrecreated“theAmericanDream”,thedreamofinnocent,pastoralAmericanCreatedbyman'scapacityforwonder,andalsoseesitasanostalgicdesireforthatwhichtimeitselfdefeats,AsGatsbyisanartisticsurrogate,chasingwithhis“creativepassion”asymbolthatisbothtranscendentandcorrupted,TheGreatGatsbyisasymbolisttragedy.DaisyDaisyisTomBuchanan'swife,hernameisDaisyFay,andherfirstandlastnamesareimportantsymbolsinthenovel.Faymeansfairy,andDaisyisliketheprincessinafairytaleandalsomeansalittleyellowflower.Adaisyflowerisyellowontheinsideandcontainswhitepetalsontheoutside.Similarly,Daisyispureandinnocentoutsideforshealwaysdressesinwhite,asymbolofpurityandinnocence,anddrivesawhitecar.Howeversheisalsocowardandcorruptontheinside,symbolicofthecoloryellow.Daisy'scharactersymbolizesmanyoftherichgirlsoftheauthor'stime.SinceF.ScottFitzgeraldwasnotrich,hecouldnotdateormarryanyofthesegirls,whichissimilartoGatsby.Daisysc'haracteralsocontainsmuchcharm,althoughherpersonalityisempty.Hercharactersymbolizesthe“alluringaspectsofmonetarywealth”andrepresentshowdevoiditcanbeonceattained.DaisyandGatsby'srelationshipillustratesthatmoneycannotbringhappiness;moneycannotbringthelostthingconeback.Fromtheverybeginningoftheirrelationship,GatsbyrealizesDaisy'srequirementsforawealthylifestyle.WhenDaisygivesbirthtoadaughter,shesaid,”thatthe'besstthingagirlcanbeinthisword,abeautifullittlefool”(Fitzgerald,2005,24)Daisyiscleverenoughtounderstandthelimitsimposedonherandhasbecomeindulgentbecauseofthem.ThewordcarelessalsodescribesDaisywell.Shehasverymuchtrappedinherself.Partofthisisduetothefactthatshehadbeenspoiledallherlife.Shewasbornintomoneyandhadanendlessassortmentofmenwhowouldcontinuetospoilher.TomTomBuchanan,thewealthyex-athletefromYale,isaliar,ahypocrite,andabully.BeingbornintoafamilythatiswealthyhasmadeTomaspoiledman.Hehasn'treallyworkedhisentirelifeandinsteadspendshisdaysinindulgenceandease.HehasashamelessaffairwithMyrtlebecauseitsatisfieshisrequirements.Heshowsofftheirrelationshipinpublicbecausehedosenotconcernhimselfwiththeresultsofhisactions,hahasneverhadto.ThisisalsowhyheandDaisyescapeintheendofthebook.Therewasasituationtheywouldhavetofaceandtheydidn'twantto.Sotheyrantotheirmoneyandfledthesituation,leavingittobedealtwithbyothers,Tomwillspendhiswholelifedoingthingslikethatbecausethatwhoheis:Acarelessmanwholewon'tbebotheredbythesufferinghecauses.Thesplendorofhissurroundingsisequaledonlybyhisstupidityand“hardmalice.”Todaywewouldcallhimtheperfectexampleoftheupper-classfascist,who,obsessedwithfearthattheblackracesmayoverthrow“NordicSupremacy,”seeshimself“onthelastbarrierofcivilization.”Hisfear,however,sharpenshiscunning,andpositioninsocietygiveshimtheopportunitytouseit.NotonlydosesheliestoMyrtleWilson,butwithruthlesscontempt,heexploitsherhusband,George,asaninstrumentofrevengeonGatsby.Morallyspeaking,heistherealmurdererofGatsby.3.2TheSymbolismlofSettingTheuseofsettingisnitonlyacrucialcontributionpartastory'ssuccessbutalsoaprimaryindicatorofitsauthor'sartistry.TheuseofsettingrepresentsanextraordinaryachievementinFitzgerald'sfiction-writingcareer.Throughhispowerfulvisionsanddescriptiveskills,settingsinhisfictionarealwaysfeaturedcharmingbutelusive,heavilyweighedwithsymbolicconnotations.Theyhelphimdramatizehisperspectivesoflife.Eachsceneseemslikeaparable,functioningassuggestivelyasamicrocosmofthewholeAmericansociety.Fitzgeraldbelievedthatsettingcouldbeusedasarichsourceofimagerytoobjectivelythesocialtreedandindividualdesireatacertaintimeandtoturnastoryintoaparable.Thedefinitionofthesettinginfictioncanbedefinedasaplacepresentedbyfixeddescriptions,orindirectreferenceinthenarrativeorinthespeechesofcharacters,aplacethatservesasthesiteasthenecessaryshowplaceforasequenceofactionsorforanevolvingpatternofhumanrelations.IfwereadTheGreatGatsbycarefully,wecanseeatellingexampleofhowasettingcanmakeanessentialcontributiontothbeook'smood.Andwecanalsounderstandthatasakeyfactorinthecreationofatmosphere,agivensceneplaysamajorpartinrising,developing,maintaining,andrepeatingfeelingsinfiction.EastEggandWestEggTheaddressofthestoryhadhappenedhasbeendividedintotwoparts-EastEggandWestEgg.Inthebeginningofthenovel,NikedescribedthesituationofthesetwoEggs.“livedatWestEgg,the-veil,thelessfashionableofthetwo,thoughthisisamostsuperficialtagtoexpressthebizarreandnotalittlesinistercontrastbetweenthem.Myhousewasattheverytipoftheegg,onlyfiftyyardsfromtheSound,andsqueezedbetweentwohugeplacesthatrentedfortwelveorfifteenthousandaseason…myownhouseisaeyesore,andithadbeenoverlooked,soIhadaviewofthewater,apartialviewofmyneighbor'slawn,andtheconsolingproximityofmillionaires-allforeightydollarsamonth.”(Fitzgerald,2005,6)“AcrossthecourtesybaythewhitepalacesoffashionableEastEggglitteredalongthewater,andthehistoryofthesummerreallybeginsontheeveningIdroveovertheretohavedinnerwiththeTomBuchanans.Daisywasmysecondcousinonceremoved,anId‘kdnownTomincollege.AndjustafterthewarIspenttwodayswiththeminChicago.”(Fitzgerald,2005,7)TheearlyAmericancultureoriginatedintheeasterncolonies.AftertheRevolutionaryWar,AmericaseparatedfromtheruleofBritish,butitsthought,cultureandideologyintheeasternU.S.stillmaintainedmuchcolonialshadow.WiththeforwardtofAmericanWestMovement,Asforabsenceoftheheavypressureofhistory,theWesterncivilizationoftenshowingmorepassionandvigor,givingastrongentrepreneurialspirit.Easternandwesternarenotjusttwoconceptionsofregionsanymore,butonbehalfofcontradictionsandconflictsintwovaluesbetweentraditionandmodern,conservationandinnovation.EastEggandWestEgghasbecomeanimportantscenepre-ambushedinthenovel.InEastEgg,therelivedTomandDaisywhowasborninrichandpowerfulfamily.Theyareofgracefulandelegantonthesurface,butcruelandgreedyintheirhearts.InWestEgg,therelivedGatsbywhowasborninapoorfamily,wasfullpassionandeagerforsuccess.Theauthorsetthehistoricandrealisticsituationintothesymbolicregions.Atthesametime,theconflictsofregionalconceptionultimatelyreflectedonthetragicfateofthecharacterswhichmadethenovelbeofmorefar-reachingrealisticsignificance,TheValleyofAshesFitzgerald'sstrikingdescriptionofthe“valleyofashes”inchapter2ofhisbook.The“valleyofashes”isthesymbolsinthework.“Abouhalf-vaybetweenWestEggandNewYorkthemotorroadhastilyjointstherailroadandrunsbesidesitforaquarterofamile,soastoshrinkawayfromacertaindesolateareaofland.Thisisavalleyofashes—afantasticfarmwhereashesgrowlikewheatintoridgesandhillsandgrotesquegardens;whereashestaketheformsofhousesandchimneysandrisingsmokeand,finally,withatranscendenteffort,ofash-greymen,whomovedimlyandalreadycrumblingthroughthepowderyair.Occasionallyalineofgreycarscrawlalonganinvisibletrack,givesoutaghastlycreak,andcomestorest,andimmediatelytheash-greymenswampupwithleadenspadesandstirupanimpenetrablecloud,whichscreenstheirobscureoperationsfromyoursight.(Fitzgerald,2005,29)”Thevalleyofashesisthebarrenwastelandwherethebluecollar,workingclasspeopleliveinTheGreatGatsbyandiscoveredwithdustfromtheashestosymbolizenohopeforthefuture.Heexemplifiesthepeoplewholiveinthevalleyofashes.Heisa“spiritless”and“anemic”paleblondmanwhoselifelackspurposeandmeaning.TheGreatGatsbyissymbolicofsterilityandwaste,andtheyemphasizethemainthemeofeachwork.FitzgeraldexploresthemorelimitedthemeofthecorruptionoftheAmericanDreambymaterialism.Therolling“fieldsoftherepublic“hasbecomeagarbagedump.Fitzgeraldalsomakesvividdescriptionsaboutthesterility,thefailureoflove,andtheemptyrelationshipsinthewasteland.Oneaspectofsterilityisthecharactersa'imlessness.Infact,Fitzgerald'sdecryptionsofGatsby'spartiesaredominatedbythenotionoftheaimlessdriftingofthecrowd,likeshadows.3.2.3TheEyesofDr.T.J.EckleburgThecamerafocusesnextonthemonstrousimageofanoculist'sbillboard:“TheeyesofDr.T,J,Eckleburgareblueandgigantic-theirretinasareoneyardhigh.Theylookoutofnoface,but,instead,fromapairofenormousyellowspectacleswhichpassoveranon-existentnose.EvidentlysomewildwagofanoculistsetthemtheretofattenhispracticeintheboroughofQueens,andthensankdownhimselfintoeternalblindness,orforgotthemandmovedaway.Buthiseyes,dimmedalittlebymanypaintlessdaysundersunandrain,broodonoverthesolemndumpingground.(Fitzgerald,2005,29)TheeyesofDr.T,J,EckleburghavemanysymbolicassociationsinTheGreatGatsby.Thesizeoftheeyes,themissingface,andthedepartureoftheoriginalcreatorofthesignallsuggestasuperiorbeingwhonolongercares,whonolongerinvolvedwiththepettylivesofthepatheticcreaturesbelow.Thesestaring,unblinkingeyes”brooodnoverthesolemndumpingground,”offeringnohelporcomforttoitsinhabitants.ThoughFitzgerald'swordingindescribingtheimageofEckelburg'seyesthereadersdevelopamentalofanomnipotentbeingwhoisconstantlywatchingovertheland.Thereadersdiscernthattheeyesnotonlyseeeverythingbutthattheeyesaremorbidlyunhappy.ThisisFitzgerald'wasyofindicatingthatthepeopleofthe1920saredisgracefulandundignifiedbecauseoftheirselfishness.ThegodinFitzgeraldb'ooskisanew,butfalsegod,who,thepeoplebelieve,isanallseeingdeity-indifferent,faceless,andblank.Fitzgeraldincorporatestheeyesintohisnoveltorepresentapairofallseeing,allacquired.TheSymbolismofColorSymbolismiswhatmakesastorycomplete,InTheGreatGatsby,Fitzgeraldsmartlyusessymbolism.Anythinginanovelcanbetakenasasymbol.Thereseveralcolorsusedforsymbolisminthisnovel.Forexample,thecolorswhite,yellow,blueandgreenareusedthroughthebook.Colorscanaccentuatethemeaningofastoryandexplaincertainactionsofacharacter.Fitzgeraldappliedmanyimportantcolorsthateludethepersonalityofhischaracters.Thecolorsgivenarerepeatedmultipletimessothattheycanbeestablished.Tofullyunderstandthecharactersofthestory,onemustrecognizetheassociatedcolorsthataregiven.3.3.1Green-Hope,Dream,EnvyTraditionally,thecolorgreenrepresentsspring,hope,andyouth.ItismainlyassociatedwithGatsbyandhishopeinthenovel.Greenalsorepresentsenvyinthenovel,asGatsbyisanenvious,jealouscharactertowardsTomandhismarriagetoDaisy.Inaddition,tosuppresstheenvyhefeelsforpeoplewithhistoricalwealthroundhim,Gatsbythrowsextravagantparties.“InvoluntarilyIglancedseaward-anddistinguishednothingexceptasinglegreenlight,minuteandfaraway,thatmighthavebeentheendofodock.WhenIlookedoncemoreforGatsbyhehadvanished,andIwasaloneintheunquietdarkness.”(Fitzgerald,2005,24)Nickisquitedifferentfromothercharactersinthestory.Helacksthecharacteristicofunexhaustedenergybelongingtothattime.Hewasspiritless,butworkedhardandwasloyaltohisfamily.Hewasnotaffectedbyvanity,butjustwantedtoaccumulatesomemoneytoliveinthewestandhebelievedGod.Greenalsosymbolizedhope.Theimageofgreenlampappearedthreetimesrespectivelyatthecrucialpointsofdevelopment,andplayedaimportantroleintheprocessofmodelingtheprotagonistGatsby'scharacter.Blue-QuietMelancholy,FantasyBluerepresentstheunhappyrelationshipbetweenTomandDaisy.Theirmelancholymarriageisbasedonmoneyandstatusratherthanlove.AtGatsby'sextravagantparties,blueisseenasafantasyanddifferentworldofescape.Theauthorusesbluesymbolizingmelancholyandcalmnessinordertomakeacontrastwiththeyellowsymbolizingthestateofclamor.Allofthismanifeststheauthor'scriticalattitudetothecontemporarytendency-ostentation,pursuitformaterialenjoymentandmoneyworship.“Butabovethegreylandandthespasmsofbleakdustwhichdriftendlesslyoverit,youperceive,afteramoment,theeyesofDr.T,J,Eckleburg.TheeyesofDr.T,J,Eckleburgareblueandgigantic-theirretinaareoneyardhigh.”(Fitzgerald,2005,29)Afterunderstandingthesymbolizedmeaningofthispairofeyes,wecouldmoveonthesymbolizedmeaningofthecoloroftheeyes.Godhasbeenseeingeverything,andheknowsthatGatsby'sdreamwillbedoomedtobeshatteredandknowsWilson'stragedy,TomandDaisy'scoldnessandmercilessness,sohiseyesseemedsorrowfulandmelancholy.Yellow(Golden)-Fame,Fortune,FallYelloworgoldmainlyrepresentfortune,fameandoldwealth,incontrasttogreenrepresentingnewwealth.Aneggiswhiteoutside,therefore,presentingpuritytosociety.Incontrast,aneggisyellowinside,hidingacorruptionanddecay.MaterialismhascorruptedthecitizensofEastandWestEggbecausetheycentereverythingonmoney.WhenGatsbyentertainsthiswealthyclass,theorchestraplaysyellowcocktailmusic.EvenGatsbybelievesthathecanwinDaisybackwithhismoney,thusheisdescribedaswearingacaramelcoloredsuitwhenheliesabouthispasttoNick.Thecoloryellowwasusedmostlyfrequentlywhentherewasadeath.OneofthefirstthingsthatFitzgeraldwrotewhenMyrtlediedwaswhentheylaidheronatableingarage,”Hreeachedupontiptoesandpeeredoveracircleofheadsintothegarbage,whichwaslitonlybyayellowlightinaswimmingwirebasketoverhead.”(Fitzgerald,2005,172)Wilsonwasindazestate,and