英语文化论文

目录21.English21.1.Englishisakindoflanguage.31.2.Englishspeaking41.3.Englishspeakingcountries.42.Culture52.1.Languageisthecarrierofculture.62.2.TheEnglishnamesculture.72.3.WesternCultureintheDifferenceinPerspectiveFromEnglishName83.EnglishlearningEnglishCultureinEnglishLearningAbstract:Languageistheproductofsociety,isthecrystallizationofhumanhistoryandculture.Languageisthecarrierofculture.Vocabularyistheconcentrationofculturalinformation,isanimportantpartoflanguage.Itreflectstheculture’developmentandchanges.Keywords:EnglishculturenameChineseculture1.English1.1.Englishisakindoflanguage.Alanguageisasystemofcommunicationusedbypeopleofaparticularcountryoraregionfortalkingorwritingpurposes.Alanguagesystemconsistsofasetofcodesthataresoundsandwrittensymbols.Peopleinonecountryorregionmayspeakadifferentlanguagefromthoseinanothercountryorregion.EnglishisspokenbytheEnglish-speakingpeopleorbytheEnglish-speakingpopulationastheirmothertongue.Whenwesaymothertongue,wereferittothelanguagethatwelearnedfromourparentswhenwewerechildren.Mothertongueisincontrasttoforeignlanguage.Itcanalsobecallednativetongueornativelanguage.EnglishisnotonlyspokenbynativespeakersofEnglishastheirfirstlanguageandbytheabove-mentionedpeoplewhospeakEnglishastheirsecondlanguage,butalsospokenbythepeopleofotherpartsoftheworldasaforeignlanguage.Englishindifferentways.AmericanEnglishistheEnglishlanguageusedintheUnitedStates.ItconsistsofmanyregionalkindsofEnglish.Forexample,peopleinNewEngland,NewYorkCityandtheSouthoftheUnitedStatesspeakindifferentways.InareaswhereEnglishisnottheonlylanguagespoken,thepeoplespeakEnglishasAnglophone.BothEnglishandFrenchareofficiallanguagesofCanada.EnglishisspokenbypeopleastheirsecondlanguageinsomeCommonwealthcountries,whichwereformerBritishcoloniessuchasFuji,Singapore,IndiaandNigeria.TheyteachEnglishasasecondlanguageatschool.English,asaninternationallanguage,oraworldlanguage,orevenagloballanguage,nolongerbelongsonlytothenativespeakersofEnglish.1.2.EnglishspeakingEnglishisaWestGermaniclanguagethatwasfirstspokeninearlymedievalEnglandandisnowthemostwidelyusedlanguageintheworld.Itisspokenasafirstlanguagebythemajoritypopulationsofseveralsovereignstates,includingtheUnitedKingdom,theUnitedStates,Canada,Australia,Ireland,NewZealandandanumberofCaribbeannations.Itisthethird-most-commonnativelanguageintheworld,afterMandarinChineseandSpanish.ItiswidelylearnedasasecondlanguageandisanofficiallanguageoftheEuropeanUnion,manyCommonwealthcountriesandtheUnitedNations,aswellasinmanyworldorganisations.EnglishisspokenbytheEnglish-speakingpeopleorbytheEnglish-speakingpopulationastheirmothertongue.EnglishisspokenbypeopleastheirsecondlanguageinsomeCommonwealthcountries,whichwereformerBritishcoloniessuchasFuji,Singapore,IndiaandNigeria.EnglishisnotonlyspokenbynativespeakersofEnglishastheirfirstlanguageandbytheabove-mentionedpeoplewhospeakEnglishastheirsecondlanguage,butalsospokenbythepeopleofotherpartsoftheworldasaforeignlanguage.JapanEnglishincludesexpressionsforthingsandconceptsthatareuniqueinJapan.TheChinesepeoplehavetointroducetotheworldthespecialthingsandconceptsfoundonlyinChinawiththehelpofChinaEnglish.1.3.Englishspeakingcountries.ThefirstEnglish-speakingcountryisBritainwheretheEnglishlanguagewasoriginated.ItsofficialfullnameistheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.Britainismakeupoffourparts.TheyareEngland,Scotland,WalesandNorthernIreland.ThefourcountriesofBritainandtheirlanguages:TheEnglishpeoplespeakEnglish.TheScottishpeoplespeakEnglishandGaelicbyScottishCelts.TheWelshpeoplespeakEnglishandWelsh.TheIrishpeoplespeakEnglishandGaelicbyIrishCelts.AnotherimportantEnglish-speakingcountryistheUnitedStateswhichislocatedinNorthAmerica.ItsofficialfullnameistheUnitedStatesofAmerica.CanadaisanotherEnglish-speakingcountry,whichislocatedtothenorthoftheUnitedStatesinNorthAmerica.AustraliaandNewZealandaretwoEnglish-speakingcountries,whicharelocatedinOceania.IrelandisalsoanEnglish-speakingcourtly,whichisaneighbourcountryofBritain.ItislocatedinthesouthernpartoftheIrishIsland.SouthAfricaisalsoanEnglish-speakingcountry,whichislocatedinthesouthernpartofAfrica.2.CultureLanguageisatoolofculturalcommunication,butalsoacarrierofculturethinking.Intheprocessoflanguagecommunication,differentpeoplecancommunicatewitheachother,notonlydependsontheirunderstandingofthelanguageitself,butalsoontheculturalconnotationtothemtotheunderstandingoflanguage.Onlyaprofoundunderstandingoftheculturaldifferencesbetweenthetwolanguages,toacrossthelanguagedivide,sothattheEnglishlearningproblemswouldbesmoothlydoneoreasilysolved.2.1.Languageisthecarrierofculture.Languageandcultureareinseparable.Languageisstoredinallsociallifeexperienceofanation.Reflectsallthecharacteristicsofthenationalculture.Theapplicationoflanguageandlanguagefromtheculturecannotexist.Notunderstandingtheculturalbackgroundofthelanguage.DonotunderstandthedifferencebetweenChineseandWesternculture.InEnglishlearningandEnglishwillappearambiguity,misunderstandingandlanguageerrorsincommunicationphenomenon.Ifweusethissentence“Howmuchmoneycanyouearnamonth.”expressedconcernedtotheforeigners.Donnotknowthatthisisaventure.Becauseofviolationsoftheprivacyofothersandarousedispleasure.Chinesebelievethatmodestyisavirtue.WhenforeignerspraisedaChinesespecialty.IfChineseuse“Youareoverpraisingme.”Canletapersonfeelyouindoubthisjudgment.Andifousay“Where,where.”Willmakeforeignersberatherbaffling,unintelligible.Asalanguagelearner.Donotlearnthecultureofthisnation,willnotbeabletoreallylearnthenationallanguage.ThehumanmindandemotionshaveincommoninHumanlifeworld.Allkindsofcultureandlanguagealsoshowedablendandsomecommonpoints.InEnglishandChinese,wecanfindmanyofthesameorsimilarexpression.Butdifferentnationsduetodifferencesinlivingenvironmenthavedifferentlanguagesonthesamethingexpression.Differentethnicgroupsbecauseofdifferentreligiousbeliefs,leadingtotheiruniqueandadvocatethementalityoftaboo.Differentethnicgroupsbecauseofthespecialhistoryofthedevelopmentprocessalsoproducedthenation'sownhistory,legendsandanecdotes.ThedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternculturecanseesegmentofawholefromthedifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishidioms。Becauseidiomscarrytheirrespectivenationalculturecharacteristicsandculturalinformation,iscloselylinkedwiththeculturaltraditions,indivisible.2.2.TheEnglishnamesculture.TheEnglishfullnameconsistsofaperson’sfirstnameandlastname,sometimesthereisamiddlenamebetweenthefirstnameandthelastname.TheChinesefamilynamesorsurnamesgobeforethegivennamesofforenames.Thefirstnameisaperson’sgivennamebyhisorherparentsatsomepointafterthebirthofthechild.Itisalsocalledaperson’sforenameorpersonalname.Thefirstnameisinformal,whichisusuallyusedamongfamilymembersorclosefriendsandcolleagues.InChristiancountries,theChristiannameisoftenusedforthefirstname.Mythologyandliteraturehavealsocontributedseveralfirstnames.Thelastnameisaperson’sfamilynameorsurname,whichiscommontoallmembersofthefamily.Itisformalandoftenusedonofficialoccasionsorwithpeopleyoudonotknowwell.Thefirstnamecanbeusedasaninformalformofaddress.Butthefamilynameisoftenusedwithaformofaddressbeforeit.Usuallyitcannotbeusedasaformofaddress.ManyEnglishsurnamesfallintothefollowingcategories:Placenames,Occupationalnames,Originalnicknames(mostofwhicharepersonaldescriptionsorphysicalfeatures).Themiddlenamecanbeconsideredasthesecondofaperson’sgivennameorforename.Withamiddlename,apersoncandistinguishhimselforherselffromanotherpersoninthefamilywhohappenstohavethesamefirstname.AnEnglishnamemaydenoteaperson’ssocialorfamilybackground.Sometimeswhenyoufirstgetacquaintedwithastrangerandknowhisname,youmayguesshisbackgroundfromhisname.Thisisveryimportantinpublicrelations,whichmayhelpyoutoshortenthedistancebetweenyouandyournewacquaintance.2.3.WesternCultureintheDifferenceinPerspectiveFromEnglishNameThenameisaspeciallanguagephenomenon.Thenameisasymbol,itisasignofsocialpeopletoeachother.Eachofusfrombirth,willgetaname.Sincethen,thenamewillbewithusforthelifeanddeath.Gloryandshamewillcoexistence.Somepeopleexpressedadesirebyname.Somepeoplegiveitsomesortofspirit.Somepeoplemaketheirnamessymbolicwithsomethings.Therefore,thenamemustbeprofoundculture.Atalltimesandinallcountries,Becauseoftheinfluenceofdifferentnationalculture,history,religion,language,geographicalenvironmentandotherfactors,inthenameofbothsimilarities.Andtherearesignificantdifferences,comparedtothenameculture,twointeresting,thought-provoking.Chinesename,thesurnameinbefore,thenameafter;Englishnationalname,nameoftheformer,lastnameinthepost.Forexample,ChineseName:WangJian(surname+name),EnglishName:LindaJones(name+surname,LindaJones).Infact,itsessentialreasonofthisdifference.InChina,thesurnameoriginbeforethename.ResultingintheEnglishnationalnamefirstname.3.EnglishlearningAstheinternationalculturalcommunicationcontinuestoexpand,graduallynarrowthegapbetweenthevarioushumanculture.Languageisanimportantcarrierofcultureandalsosubjecttothesameeffect.Payattentiontotheculturalknowledge,notonlycanthefreshelementsintothelocalculture,butalsocanpromotethespreadofitscultureabroad.Realizationofcross-culturalcommunication,toacceleratetheprocessof"culturalglobalization".Today,Englishisnotonlyaminorityofschools,andbecomeacommon"basicskills".Englishhasbecomeapowerfultoolforcompetitionintheworkplace。WhenChineselearnEnglish,Mosttraditionallogicalthinkinghabit,Toplungeintoanoceanofwords,MemorizeEnglishvocabularycrazy.After,holdingthegrammaticalrulestostudycarefully.Thenmakethelearnedvocabulary,intospecificgrammarset.Thevividlanguageapplicationasasetofmathematicalformulas.Theresultisthatwordisword,andthegrammarisalsothegrammar.Inpracticalapplication,alwaysinthebrainusingtheirmothertonguetomakesentences.Asaresult,Thespeakerstammered,one'sworddoesnotexpresshisidea.TheListeningisafaceofvacantland,thepatientlost.Englishisthelanguageofthelowcontext.Intheprocessofexchange,paymuchattentiontothestatementoffactanddetails.Therearestrongcorrelationbetweenwordsandparagraphs,expressionofopinionisclear.So,whentheyexpresstheirviews,makethefactsasthekey.Startingfromthefactdata,drawaconclusion.So,neversaythefruitisapple,butappleisafruit.Languagelearningisnotonlyisanaccumulationofvocabularyandgrammarrulessosimple.Ifwecanunderstandthenativepeople’sthinkingmode,uniquevaluesandaestheticvalues.Don’tuseourtheChinesethinkinghabitsapplymechanically.Ifwedothis,whatweLearningisnotonlyalanguage,butadoorknowledge.Whatwemasterisnotonlyalanguage,buttoopenthekeyofWesternculture.Ifthereissucharealm,withsuchaheight,canwelearnEnglishreally.Integrateintotheworldreally,andabsorbwesternadvancedcivilization,makeitworkforus.Trulysuccessfullanguagelearning,learner'sdualculturalbackgroundisevenmoreimportantthandoublelanguageskills.Becausetheonlymeaningfulwordsonlyinitsroleintheculturalcontext.Theinfluenceofculturaldifferencesonlanguagelearningcannotbeunderestimated.Thestrengtheningofthedifferencesinlanguageandculturelearning,mustbecarefullystudiedanddiscussedintheprocessofEnglishlearningtask.。参考文献《民生周刊》高秀琴（2011年第5期）《英汉对比语言学》方文惠主编福建人民出版社，1990年福州《英语文化对英语学习的帮助》王逢鑫北京大学出版社2010年4