Annex_1_Qualification_of_HPLC_Equipment[1]

OMCL Network of the Council of Europe QUALITY ASSURANCE DOCUMENT PA/PH/OMCL (07) 17 DEF QUALIFICATION OF EQUIPMENT ANNEX 1: QUALIFICATION OF HPLC EQUIPMENT Full document title and reference Qualification of Equipment Annex 1: Qualification of HPLC Equipment PA/PH/OMCL (07) 17 DEF Document type Guideline Legislative basis The present document was also accepted by EA as recommendation document to be used in the context of Quality Management System audits of OMCLs Date of first adoption May 2005 Date of original entry into force June 2005 Date of entry into force of revised document February 2007 Previous titles/other references This document replaces document PA/PH/OMCL (06) 85 DEF Custodian Organisation The present document was elaborated by the OMCL Network/ EDQM of the Council of Europe Concerned Network GEON PA/PH/OMCL (07) 17 DEF - OMCL Guideline on Qualification of HPLC equipment (Annex 1) February 2007 Page 1 of 17 ANNEX 1 OF THE OMCL NETWORK GUIDELINE “QUALIFICATION OF EQUIPMENT” QUALIFICATION OF HPLC EQUIPMENT Introduction The present document is the first Annex of the core document “Qualification of Equipment”, and it should be used in combination with it when planning, performing and documenting the HPLC equipment qualification process. The core document contains the general introduction and the Level I and II of qualification, common to all type of instruments, and the present annex contains HPLC instrument-related recommendations on parameters to be checked and the corresponding typical acceptance limits, as well as practical examples on the methodology that can be used to carry out these checks. When qualifying HPLC equipment, it should be noted that it is acceptable to check at Level III and IV several of the mentioned parameters at the same time in a combined test procedure (e.g. “overall” system performance test giving information on peak area precision, retention time precision, gradient reproducibility, etc). PA/PH/OMCL (07) 17 DEF - OMCL Guideline on Qualification of HPLC equipment (Annex 1) February 2007 Page 2 of 17 TABLE III Level III. Periodic and motivated instrument checks Examples of requirements for HPLC instruments and detectors Instrument module Parameter to be checked Typical tolerance limits Solvent delivery system • Flow rate • Proportioning accuracy and precision (gradient test) • Proportioning ripple • ± 5 % • ± 2 • ≤ 0,2 % Injector • Volume precision • Carry-over • RSD ≤ 1.0 % • see Annex I Autosampler • Thermostatting accuracy and precision • ± 3 °C Oven or cooling device • Thermostatting accuracy • ± 2 °C UV/DAD detector • Linearity • Wavelength accuracy • r2 ≥ 0.999 • ± 2 nm Fluorescence detector • Wavelength accuracy excitation • Wavelength accuracy emission • Sensitivity • ± 3 nm • ± 3 nm • see Annex I Electrochemical detector • Accuracy of the signal • Stability of the signal • see Annex I • see Annex I RID detector • Signal/Noise ratio • Drift over time • see Annex I • ± 0.1 mV/min CD detector • Signal/Noise ratio • Sensitivity • Drift over time • Linearity • see Annex I • see Annex I • see Annex I • r > 0.999 Ion Trap MS detector • See Annex I • See Annex I MS Quadrupole detector • See Annex I • See Annex I PA/PH/OMCL (07) 17 DEF - OMCL Guideline on Qualification of HPLC equipment (Annex 1) February 2007 Page 3 of 17 TABLE IV Level IV. In-use instrument checks Examples of requirements for HPLC instruments with UV or DAD detectors Parameter to be checked Typical tolerance limits • System suitability check for the method According to Ph. Eur. or MAH dossier or validated in-house method • Peak area precision (applicable to the main peaks in the test solution) RSD ≤ 1.5 % (unless otherwise prescribed in the system suitability of the method, e.g. specific requirements from Ph. Eur. 2.2.46, API monographs or MA dossiers) • Retention time precision RSD ± 5 % • Carry-over (by comparing consecutive standard (of the substance being quantified) and blank injections) ≤ 0.2 % • Signal/Noise ratio (to be applied for related substances test) According to Ph. Eur. PA/PH/OMCL (07) 17 DEF - OMCL Guideline on Qualification of HPLC equipment (Annex 1) February 2007 Page 4 of 17 ANNEX I Level III. Periodic and motivated instrument checks This Annex contains practical examples of tests and their associated tolerance limits for several parameters related to the performance of the different modules of a HPLC. These examples can be considered by the OMCLs as possible approaches to perform the Level III of the equipment qualification process: “Periodic and motivated instrument checks”. HPLC SOLVENT DELIVERY SYSTEM The following tests are proposed for the periodic and motivated check of the HPLC solvent delivery system: flow rate and gradient test. FLOW RATE Materials: Volumetric flask of 5 or 10 ml Calibrated chronometer Settings: Mobile phase: degassed water No column (open end)* Flow rate: adjusted between 0.5 and 3.0 ml/min If high-pressure mixing systems are installed, this test has to be done on each solvent channel. * For certain equipment, e.g. in the case of low flow rates, the check would be performed by using a column or a backpressure regulator. Method: Set the flow rate at an appropriate level and measure the time needed to fill the volumetric flask up to the mark. Record the time needed. ! f =V / t ! f = V *60 t f.................measured flow rate [ml/min] t.................elapsed time to fill up to mark [s] V ...............volume of the volumetric flask [ml] ! D =100* f " F F D ...............deviation [%] F ...............adjusted flow rate [ml/min] f.................measured flow rate [ml/min] Limits: ± 5% PA/PH/OMCL (07) 17 DEF - OMCL Guideline on Qualification of HPLC equipment (Annex 1) February 2007 Page 5 of 17 GRADIENT COMPOSITION AND RIPPLE Settings: Stainless steel capillary e.g. 2000 x 0.12 mm installed instead of a column Detection: UV-Detector adjusted to 265 nm Mobile phase A: degassed water Mobile phase B: degassed water containing 0.5% acetone Flow rate: 1.0 ml/min Method: The test is carried out in the following way by using a gradient program depending on the number of solvent channels and the configuration of the system: A-B A-B and A-C A-C, A-B and B-D time [min] % mobile phase A (water) % mobile phase B (water-acetone mixture) 0.0 100 0 0.1 90 10 10 90 10 10.1 50 50 20 50 50 20.1 10 90 30 10 90 30.1 0 100 40 0 100 40.1 100 0 Start the test by pumping water for at least 10 min to equilibrate the system. The zero % value at the start of the test is the baseline. All steps are measured at the beginning of the horizontal part of the line either by software or manually on the paper print using a liner. The height of the 100% water/acetone mixture is used as the 100% value in the following calculation. ! %H =100* h H %H............calculated composition h................height of the measured line H ...............height of the 100% water/acetone mixture line (mobile phase B) ! d =%H "G d................deviation G ...............gradient composition adjusted [% acetone/water solution mixture = mobile phase B] PA/PH/OMCL (07) 17 DEF - OMCL Guideline on Qualification of HPLC equipment (Annex 1) February 2007 Page 6 of 17 Limits: Absolute deviation: ± 2 of the adjusted value The ripple of the gradient composition is the percentage of noise of the 50% line from the gradient program. ! %R =100* N h 50 %R ............ripple h50 .............height of the 50% line N ...............height of the noise line, measured during 1 minute in the linear region Limits: ≤ 0.2 % HPLC INJECTOR Volume precision and carry-over are the tests proposed for the periodic and motivated check of the HPLC injector. VOLUME PRECISION AND CARRY-OVER Solutions: Solvent A: methanol : water R, 60 : 40. Reference solution (a): dissolve 15.0 mg methyl-, ethyl-, and propylparabene in 100.0 ml of solvent A. Reference solution (b): Dilute 1.0 ml of reference solution (a) to 10.0 ml of solvent A. Reference solution (c): Dilute 1.0 ml of reference solution (b) to 100.0 ml of solvent A. Settings: Column: Lichrospher 100 RP8, 5 µm, 125 x 4 mm, without precolumn Mobile phase: methanol : water = 60 : 40 Flow rate: 1.0 ml/min Detection: 254 nm Injection volume: 20 µl Method: Injection scheme: − 6x reference solution (b) − 1x reference solution (a) − 1x solvent A (blank injection 1) − 1x reference solution (b) − 1x solvent A (blank injection 2) − 1x reference solution (c) Limits: Repeatability of peak areas: The relative standard deviation of the peak areas of all peaks in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solution (b) should be ≤ 1.0 %. PA/PH/OMCL (07) 17 DEF - OMCL Guideline on Qualification of HPLC equipment (Annex 1) February 2007 Page 7 of 17 Carry-over: The percentage of the peak area corresponding to propylparabene in the blank injection 1 does not exceed 0.5% of 10 times the peak area of the propylparabene peak in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solution (b) injected after the blank injection. The percentage of the peak area corresponding to propylparabene in the reference solution (c) is 0.9 – 1.1% of the peak area of the propylparabene peak in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solution (b) injected after the blank injection. HPLC AUTOSAMPLER Thermostatting accuracy and precision can be tested in the frame of the periodic and motivated check of the HPLC Autosampler. THERMOSTATTING ACCURACY Materials: Calibrated temperature probe. Method: Select a temperature along the operational or required temperature range of the equipment. Wait until the system is equilibrated. By means of the calibrated probe, measure the actual temperature in the autosampler and compare it to the selected temperature. Repeat the same procedure at different pre-selected points covering the temperature range. Limits: The actual temperature may not differ more than ± 3°C with respect to the selected temperature. THERMOSTATTING PRECISION Materials: Calibrated temperature probe. Method: Select a temperature along the operational or required temperature range of the equipment. Wait until the system is equilibrated. By means of the calibrated probe, make “n” measurements over a pre-established period of time. Compare the mean of the “n” measurements to the selected temperature. Limits: The actual temperature may not differ more than ± 3°C with respect to the selected temperature. PA/PH/OMCL (07) 17 DEF - OMCL Guideline on Qualification of HPLC equipment (Annex 1) February 2007 Page 8 of 17 HPLC OVEN/COOLING DEVICE Thermostatting accuracy is the parameter tested in this example of periodic and motivated check of the HPLC oven/cooling device. THERMOSTATTING ACCURACY Materials: Calibrated thermometer. Method: Set the column oven temperature to 40 °C, wait about 30 minutes to equilibrate the system, put a calibrated thermometer into the oven and read the temperature after 10 minutes. Limits: 38 - 42°C. HPLC UV/DAD DETECTOR The periodic and motivated check of the HPLC UV/DAD detector can be performed by testing the linearity and the wavelength accuracy. LINEARITY Solutions: Std. 1: 0.5 µg caffeine/1 ml methanol HPLC Grade Std. 2: 1.0 µg caffeine/1 ml methanol HPLC Grade Std. 3: 5.0 µg caffeine/1 ml methanol HPLC Grade Std. 4: 25.0 µg caffeine/1 ml methanol HPLC Grade Std. 5: 50.0 µg caffeine/1 ml methanol HPLC Grade Std. 6: methanol HPLC Grade (blank) Std. 5: weigh 9.0 to 11.0 mg caffeine and fill up to 200.0 ml with methanol HPLC Std. 4: dilute 50.0 ml of Std. 5 to 100.0 ml with methanol Std. 3: dilute 10.0 ml of Std. 5 to 100.0 ml with methanol Std. 2: dilute 20.0 ml of Std. 3 to 100.0 ml with methanol Std. 1: dilute 10.0 ml of Std. 3 to 100.0 ml with methanol Settings: Column: RP-18 5 µm 30-50 x 2,1-4.6 mm or capillary 2000 mm x 0.12 mm ID Mobile phase: methanol HPLC Grade Oven temperature: 40 °C Flow rate: 1.0 ml/min (adjusted by using 100% methanol) Detection: 273 nm Injection volume: 20 µl PA/PH/OMCL (07) 17 DEF - OMCL Guideline on Qualification of HPLC equipment (Annex 1) February 2007 Page 9 of 17 Method: Injection scheme: 2 x blank 1 x Std. 1 1 x Std. 2 1 x Std. 3 1 x Std. 4 1 x Std. 5 Limits: r2 ≥ 0.999 Remark: As this test employs different test solutions to be injected, it covers also the check of correct positioning vials in the autosampler. WAVELENGTH ACCURACY If there are built-in test procedures for the determination and adjustment of wavelength accuracy, follow the instructions of the instrument manual. In all other cases use the procedure described below. Solutions: DAD: caffeine Std. 5 from the linearity testing UV/VIS: 1.0 µg/ml anthracene solution in water Settings: Mobile phase: 15% acetonitrile in water Column: RP18, 5 µm 30-50 x 2,1-4.6 mm or capillary 2.0 m x 0.12 mm ID Oven temperature: 40 °C Flow rate: 1.0 ml/min (adjusted by using 15% acetonitrile in water) Detection: scan from 230 nm to 290 nm (DAD) Injection volume: 20 µl Method: DAD: Inject 20 µl of the caffeine solution and record the spectrum. The maximum is at 272 nm and the minimum at 244 nm. UV/VIS: fill the cell with the anthracene solution and change the wavelength from 248 to 254 nm in 1 nm steps; record the maximum of absorption. The theoretical value is 251 nm. Limits: ± 2 nm HPLC FLUORESCENCE DETECTOR The following three parameters are proposed for the performance of the periodic and motivated check of the HPLC fluorescent detector: PA/PH/OMCL (07) 17 DEF - OMCL Guideline on Qualification of HPLC equipment (Annex 1) February 2007 Page 10 of 17 WAVELENGTH ACCURACY EXCITATION Method: Rinse and fill the measuring cell with de-ionized water Adjust the excitation wavelength to 350 nm. Measure the emission and subtract 397 nm (theoretical value). Limits: ± 3 nm WAVELENGTH ACCURACY EMISSION Method: Rinse and fill the measuring cell with de-ionized water Adjust the emission wavelength to 397 nm. Measure the excitation and subtract 350 nm (theoretical value). Limits: ± 3 nm SENSITIVITY Solutions: Quinine HCl.2H2O solution conc. 0.015 µg/ml (=15 ppb) The quinine solution is prepared with the following mobile phase: dissolve 6.8 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate R and 3.0 g of hexylamine R in 700 ml of water R, adjust to pH 2.8 with dilute phosphoric acid R, add 90 ml of acetonitrile R and dilute to 1000.0 ml with water R. Settings: The chromatographic conditions are set according to Ph. Eur. “Quinine HCl” (01/2005:0018), test “Other cinchona alkaloids”, with modified flow rate and acetonitrile concentration. Mobile phase: as above Column: RP18, 5 µm, 250 x 4.6 mm Flow rate: 1,2 ml/min Excitation wavelength: 350 nm Emission wavelength: 397 nm Flow-cell volume: 8 µl (for this example, a Waters 2475 MultiFluorescentiedetector was used. Flow-cell volume may vary depending on the instrument manufacturer) Method: Inject 10 µl of the quinine solution and measure the peak height. Inject 10 µl of the blank and measure the peak height of the noise. Divide the peak height of the quinine solution by 3 times the peak height of the noise. Divide the concentration of the quinine solution by the previously obtained factor. Limits: ≤ 0.5 ppb PA/PH/OMCL (07) 17 DEF - OMCL Guideline on Qualification of HPLC equipment (Annex 1) February 2007 Page 11 of 17 HPLC ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTOR Accuracy and stability of the signal are the proposed parameters to be tested during the periodic and motivated check of the HPLC electrochemical detector. ACCURACY AND STABILITY OF THE SIGNAL Settings: Cell potential of a dummy cell: 800 mV Rise time filter: 0.1 s Range: 0.1 nA Temperature: 30 °C Method: Accuracy: Measure the electric current and subtract 2.67 nA (theoretical value) Stability: Measure the noise over a period of 5 minutes Limits: Accuracy (cell current): ± 0.05 nA Stability of the signal (Noise): max. 2 pA or 20 mV HPLC RID DETECTOR Signal to Noise ratio and drift over time are the parameters proposed for the periodic and motivated check of the HPLC RID (refractive index) detector. SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO Solutions: Standard solution: D-fructose concentrate solution at 4.0 mg/ml (dilute 200.0 mg fructose + 20 ml water + 25.0 ml acetonitrile up to 50.0 ml with water for HPLC) Settings: Column: spherisorb NH2 (or equivalent) 250 x 4.6 mm or other Oven temperature: 38°C Flow rate: 1.0 ml/min Injection volume: 20 µl Mobile phase: 0.253g sodium hydrogen phosphate R in 220 ml + 780 ml acetonitrile Method: After equilibration, inject three times a blank solution of mobile phase over a run time where the system is stable. Measure the baseline noise over an appropriate period. The baseline noise is accepted if the mean height of the three replicates is < 1000 µV. To calculate the signal to noise ratio, inject three times a solution of fructose at 0.4 mg/ml and calculate the mean of the three replicates. Limits: S/N > 10 PA/PH/OMCL (07) 17 DEF - OMCL Guideline on Qualification of HPLC equipment (Annex 1) February 2007 Page 12 of 17 DRIFT OVER A DEFINED PERIOD OF TIME Method: Calculate the slope of the amplitude of random variations in the detector’s signal over 1 minute. Limits: ± 0.1 mV/min Alternatively, the requirement may be expressed in ΔRI/min or in % of full scale of the selected range. HPLC CD DETECTOR The following tests are proposed to perform the periodic and motivated check of the HPLC CD (circular dichroism) detector. LINEARITY AND SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO Solutions: Reference solution (a): dissolve 25.0 mg D(-) pantolactone in 50.0 ml water Reference solution (b): dilute 2.0 ml of reference solution (a) to 10.0 ml with water Reference solution (c): dilute 4.0 ml of reference solution (a) to 10.0 ml with water Reference solution (d): dilute 6.0 ml of reference solution (a) to 10.0 ml with water Reference solution (e): dilute 8.0 ml of reference solution (a) to 10.0 ml with water Reference solution (f): dilute 0.5 ml of reference solution (b) to 25.0 ml with water Settings: Column: C18, 150 x 4 mm, 5 µm Mobile phase: acetonitrile : water = 10 : 90 Flow: 1.0 ml/min Detection: 225 nm Injection volume: 20 µl Method: Check the linearity of de CD- and UV-signal of D(-)pantolactone reference solution a,b,c,d,e. Measure the noise of the CD-signal of reference solution (f) between 0 – 10 min. - Calculate the absolute concentration (µg) in the cell - Calculate the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) for 0.01 µg in the cell - Calculate the sensitivity with the calculated S/N and the specified S/N= 2 (0.01 x 2/ S/N calculated) Limits: Linearity: The linearity of the calibration line obtained with reference solution (a,b,c,d,e) should be r > 0.999. Sensitivity: The sensitivity at S/N= 2 should be better than 0.01 µg. S/N ratio: The limit for S/N is > 1.0 and the sensitivity should be 0.020 µg at maximum. PA/PH/OMCL (07) 17 DEF - OMCL Guideline on Qualification of HPLC equipment (Annex 1) February 2007 Page 13 of 17 DRIFT OVER A DEFINED PERIOD OF TIME Settings: Column: C18, 150 x 4 mm, 5µm Mobile phase: acetonitrile : water = 10 : 90 Flow: 1.0 ml/min Detection: 290 nm Injection vol