2014高考英语阅读理解精英训练极品题（5）

2014高考英语阅读理解精英训练极品题（5）及阅读理解------CAbrahamLincolnwasbornintopoverty200yearsago.Atanyothertimeandplace,thislowlyoriginwouldhavedictatedhisfuture,butinLincoln’scase,hisself-determinationandforceofwillmadeitpossibleforhimtosecurehisseatinhiscountry'shistory.Hehasbecomearolemodelintheself-madeAmerica.Ifyouwanttolearnaboutsomebodywhodidn’tquit,looknofurther.AbrahamLincolnhadtwobusinessventuresfailed,andthesecondonemadehimbankrupt,sohehadtospendthenext17yearsofhislifepayingforthedebt.Healsolost8differentelections.Itseemedthathehadneverdonethingsrightatthefirsttime:thefirsttimeheranforstatelegislatureforCongress,forlandofficer,forSenate,allofthesefailed,andthefirsttimehesoughtthevice-presidentialnomination,hegotlessthan100votesnationally.Butheneverfoundittooshamefultocarryonhismission.Thenlaterin1860,onsucharoughroad,hemadeittotheWhiteHouse.Heliveduptohisfamoussaying,“Alwaysbearinmindthatyourowndeterminationtosuccessismoreimportantthananyother.”Hecouldhavequitmanytimes-—-buthedidn’tandbecausehedidn’tquit，hebecameoneofthegreatestpresidentsinthehistoryofAmerica.OneimportantwayLincolninfluencespresentsocietyisthatwelookbackonhislifeasarolemodelforfuturegenerations.Lincoln’shighcharacterinfluencesusbecausewecomparepresent-daypoliticianstotheexampleLincolnset.AmajorinfluenceLincolnhasontheunitedStatestodayissimplythroughthegoodexamplehesetwhenitcametohonesty,persistenceandleadership.36.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Lincolnwasbornwithasilverspooninhismouth.B.LikeLincoln,apoororiginleadstoabrightfuture.C.Americaisconsideredself-madebecauseofLincoln.D.Self-determinationandwillcontributedtoLincoln’ssuccess.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据butinLincoln’scase,hisself-determinationandforceofwillmadeitpossibleforhimtosecurehisseatinhiscountry'shistory.可知是林肯的决心和意志导致他的成功。故选D。37.WhatisParagraphTwomainlyabout?A.HowLincolnmadehiswaytotheWhiteHouse.B.Lincolnsufferedvariousfailures.C.Lincolnwasamanwhoneverquit.D.Lincolnoncelosttwobusinessventures.【答案】C【解析】段落大意题。根据Ifyouwanttolearnaboutsomebodywhodidn’tquit,looknofurther.可知林肯是个不放弃的人。故选C。38.WhichisthecorrectorderofwhathappenedtoLincoln?a.Hewaspayingoffhisdebt.b.Hefailedintherunforlandofficer,c.Hegotlessthan100votesnationally.d.hestucktohismission,e.Hewentbankrupt.A.b-c-c-d-aB.c-3.-b-c-dC.6-c-s-b-dD.d-c-s-b-c【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段的内容可知顺序是：e.Hewentbankrupt.--a.Hewaspayingoffhisdebt.--b.Hefailedintherunforlandofficer,--c.Hegotlessthan100votesnationally.--d.hestucktohismission,故选B。39.WhatisthefunctionofLincoln’sfamoussayinginParagraphTwo?A.Totellusthatdeterminationisthemostimportanttosuccess.B.Toattractreaders1attention.C.ToshowwhyLincolnwasabletocarryoninhardtimes.D.TosummarizeLincoln’sstory.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据Thenlaterin1860,onsucharoughroad,hemadeittotheWhiteHouse.Heliveduptohisfamoussaying,可知这句话是为了明为什么他能度过难关。故选C。40.WhydoesthewriterconsiderLincolnasoneofthegreatestpresidentsinAmerica?A.BecausehestillinfluencesAmericaasarolemodel.B.Becausehesetagoodexampletothepresentpoliticians.C.Becauseofhisgreatpersonalities.D.Becausehewentthroughdiversedifficulties.【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。根据Lincoln’shighcharacterinfluencesusbecausewecomparepresent-daypoliticianstotheexampleLincolnset.可知林肯还是一个榜样并影响了美国人，故选A。较难题目特训：介绍说明类-----3FormillionsofFacebookusers,choosingwhichphototouseforanonlineprofileisanimportantdecision.AccordingtoastudybyresearchersattheUTDallasCenter,thephotosweselectmayreflectindividualpreferences,buttheyalsoappeartoreflectmoredeeplyrooted,unconsciousculturaldifferences.Previousresearchhasshownthatculturecanaffectnotonlylanguageandcustom,butalsohowweexperiencetheworldandprocessinformation.Westerncultures，forexample，conditionpeopletothinkofthemselvesashighlyindependententities(实体)，whereasEastAsianculturesstresscollectivismandinterdependence.Dr.DenisePark,co-directoroftheCenteratUTDallas,andformergraduatestudentDr.ChihMaoHuangoftheUniversityofIllinois,werecuriousaboutwhetherthesepatternsofculturalinfluenceextendtocyberspace.InapaperpublishedintheInternationalJournalofPsychology,theyexaminedtheprofilephotographsofmorethan500activeFacebookusersfromtheUnitedStatesandEastAsia.Overall,theyfoundthatprofilephotosofAmericansaremorelikelytofocusontheindividual'sface，whiletheprofilesofEastAsianstendtolessemphasizethefaceandincludemorebackgroundfeatures.AmericansalsoshowgreatersmileintensitycomparedtoEastAsianFacebookusers.ThefindingsshowmarkedculturaldifferencesinthefocusofattentionamongEastAsianandAmericanFacebookusers.Moreover,theyechopreviousresearchonculturalinfluencesonvisualperception(感知），attention,andreasoningintheofflineworld.“WebelievethesefindingsrelatetoaculturalbiastobemoreindividualisticandindependentintheUSandmorecommunalandinterdependentinAsia”，saidPark.Theresearchalsofoundthatculturalinfluencesoverourself-presentationonlinecanshiftovertimeandfromplacetoplace.Inoneofthestudysamples,AmericansstudyinginJapanandJapanesestudyingintheUSbothshowedatendencytoadjusttheirprofilephotostothegeneralpreferencesoftheirhostcountry.“Facebookconstitutesanextendedsocialcontextinwhichpersonalprofilesmirrorvariousindividualcharacteristics，privatethoughts，andsocialbehaviors，”notedHuang.“Assuch，thestudypresentsanewapproachtoinvestigatecognitionandbehaviorsacrossculturesbyusingFacebookasadatacollectionplatform.”63.Theunderlinedword‘‘condition”inthefirstparagraphprobablymeans_______.A.advise　　　　B.instruct　　　　C.shape　　　　D.forbid64.WecanknowfromthepassagethatMongoliansprobablyemphasize________.A.culturalinfluences　　　　B.socialbehaviorsC.independentexistence　　　　D.collectivepower65.ItcanbeinferredthataKoreanstudyingintheUSislikelyto_______.A.useapictureofhisfaceonFacebookB.adjusttoAmericanpreferencesquicklyC.changehisprofilephotosfromtimetotimeD.putupaphotoofhisapartmentonFacebook66.AccordingtoDr.Huang,Facebookcanhelpto_______.A.makeupamoreextendedsocialcontextB.studythediversityofworldwideculturesC.promotecommunicationbetweeneastandwestD.combinedifferentculturesfromdifferentaspects【参考答案】3.63-66CDAB　　较难题目特训：介绍说明类-----4Researchershavejustofferedevidenceinastudythatsaysobesityappearstospreadthroughsocialties,muchlikeavirus.Whenonepersongainsweight,theirclosefriendsoftenfollow.Butthefindingmightalsoofferhope.Iffriendshelpmakeobesityacceptable,thenmightalsobeinfluentialinlosingthefat.Theresearchersnotethatsupportgroupsarealreadyaneffectivetoolindealingwithothersociallyinfluencedproblems,likealcoholism.ThefindingsappearedintheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine,Theresearchersusedinformationcollectedfrom12,000people.Itwascollectedbetween1971and2003aspartoftheFraminghamHeartStudy.Theinformationwashighlydetailed.Therewasevencontactinformationforclosefriendsofthepeopleinthestudy.Theresearchersexaminedmorethan40,000socialties.Theyfoundthataperson’schancesofbecomingseverelyoverweightincreasedby57%ifafriendhadbecomeobese.Asisterorbrotherofapersonwhobecameobesehada40%increasedchanceofbecomingobese.Theriskforawifeorhusbandwasalittlelessthanthat.NicholasChristakisofHarvardMedicalSchoolwasaleadinvestigatorinthestudy.Hesaysthereisadirectcausalrelationshipbetweenapersongettingfatandbeingfollowedinweightgainbyafriend.Thestudyfoundthatthesexofthefriendswasalsoaninfluence.Insame-sexfriendshipsapersonhada70%increasedriskofbecomingobese.Menhada44%increasedriskofbecomingobeseafterweightgaininbrother.Insisters,itwas67%.Theresearchersalsoconsideredtheeffectofwherepeoplelivedinrelationtoeachother.JamesFowleroftheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,wastheotherleadinvestigator.Hesaysafriendwholivesafewhundredkilometersawayhasasmuchinfluenceasoneinthesameneighborhood.Hesaysthestudydemonstratestheneedtoconsiderthatamajorpartofpeople’shealthistiedtotheirsocialconnections.Bothinvestigatorssaytheirresearchshowsthatobesityisnotjustaprivatemedicalissue,butapublichealthproblem.59.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinPara.2mean?A.Obesityhasanegativeinfluenceonaclosefriend.B.Friendsmightalsoplayapartinlosingweight.C.Onemighthaveapositiveinfluenceonone’sfriend.D.Friendsusuallydon’tfolloweachothertoloseweight.60.Whoismostlylikelytogainweight?A.Amanwhohasafatbrother　　　　B.AhusbandwhohasafatwifeC.Awifewhohasafathusband　　　　D.Awomanwhohasafatfemalefriend61.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesn’tthepassageagreewith?A.Youaresuretoloseweightifyouhaveaskinnyfriend.B.Ifonegainsweight,one’sfriendsarelikelytogetfat.C.Aperson’shealthiscloselylinkedwithhis/hersocialrelationship.D.Evenifthefriendlivesfaraway,theinfluencestillremains.62.Thereasonwhythestudyinvolvesbothfamilymembersandfriendsisthat_______.A.researchersfailtofindamoredifferentsampleB.researchershavedifferentideasforfamilymembersandfriendsC.researcherscanmeetthesepeopleregularlyD.researcherscancomparetheresults【参考答案】4.59-62BDAD　　阅读理解-----DStudentswhodate(约会）inmiddleschoolhavesignificantlyworsestudyskills,arefourtimesmorelikelytodropoutofschoolandreporttwiceasmuchalcoholandtobaccousethantheirsingleclassmates,accordingtonewresearchfromtheUniversityofGeorgia."Romanticrelationshipsareatrademarkofadolescence，butveryfewstudieshaveexaminedhowadolescentsdifferinthedevelopmentoftheserelationships,"saidPamelaOrpinas，studyauthorandprofessorintheCollegeofPublicHealthandheadoftheDepartmentofHealthPromotionandBehavior.Orpinasfollowedagroupof624studentsoveraseven-yearperiodfrom6thto12thgrade.Eachyear,thegroupofstudentscompletedasurveyindicatingwhethertheyhaddatedandreportedthefrequencyofdifferentbehaviors,includingtheuseofdrugsandalcohol.Theirteacherscompletedquestionnaires(调查表）aboutthestudents*academicefforts.Hefoundsomestudentsneverorhardlyeverreporteddatingfrommiddletohighschool,andthesestudentshadconsistentlythebeststudyskillsaccordingtotheirteachers.Otherstudentsdatedinfrequentlyinmiddleschoolbutincreasedthefrequencyofdatinginhighschool."Atallpointsintime,teachersratedthestudentswhoreportedthelowestfrequencyofdatingashavingthebeststudyskillsandthestudentswiththehighestdatingashavingtheworststudyskills,'1accordingtothejournalarticle.Studyskillsrefertobehaviorsthatleadtoacademicsuccesssuchasdoingworkforextracreditbeingwellorganized,finishinghomework,workinghardandreadingassignedchapters."Datingaclassmatemayhavethesameemotionalcomplicationsofdatingaco-worker,"Orpinassaid,"whenthecouplebreakup.theyhavetocontinuetoseeeachotherinclassandperhapswitnesstheex-partnerdatingsomeoneelse.Itisreasonabletothinkthiscouldbelinkedtodepressionanddivert(转移）attentionfromstudying.”4tDatingshouldnotbeconsideredaceremonyofgrowthinmiddleschool，”Orpinasconcluded.41.Accordingtothepassage,studentswhodateinmiddleschoolmay_____A.havepooreracademicperformancesB.bemorelikelytohurlothersC.enjoybetterschoollivesD.arelesslikelytousealcoholandtobacco【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据Studentswhodate(约会）inmiddleschoolhavesignificantlyworsestudyskills,可知约会的学生成绩一般都不好。故选A。42.Whendoinghisstudy,Orpinas_____.A.followedagroupofstudentsof6thand12thgradeB.completedasurveyandareporteachyearC.completedquestionnairesaboutthestudents’academiceffortsD.foundthatthestudents’studyskillshaveconnectionwiththeirfrequencyofdating【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据："Atallpointsintime,teachersratedthestudentswhoreportedthelowestfrequencyofdatingashavingthebeststudyskillsandthestudentswiththehighestdatingashavingtheworststudyskills,可知学生的成绩和约会的频率有关。故选D。43.StudyskillsmayincludethefollowingbehaviorsandqualitiesExcept_____A.beingdiligentB.bcingwellorganizedC.beingkindandhelpfulD.finishingassignedschoolwork【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据Studyskillsrefertobehaviorsthatleadtoacademicsuccesssuchasdoingworkforextracreditbeingwellorganized,finishinghomework,workinghardandreadingassignedchapters.可知没有提到C项。故选C。44.Whatcanpossiblyhappentotheschoolcouplesaftertheybreakup?A.Theydon’twanttoseeeachotheranylonger.B.Theirattentiontostudyingwillbeaffected.C.Theywillmisstheirex-partnerssometimesD.Theywillthinkit，sreasonableIogetdepressed.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据whenthecouplebreakup.theyhavetocontinuetoseeeachotherinclassandperhapswitnesstheex-partnerdatingsomeoneelse.Itisreasonabletothinkthiscouldbelinkedtodepressionanddivert(转移）attentionfromstudying.”可知分手的两个人会上课不专心。故选B。45.Orpinas’attitudetowardsdatinginmiddleschoolis_____A.supportiveB.positiveC.negativeD.indifferent【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据4tDatingshouldnotbeconsideredaceremonyofgrowthinmiddleschool，可知Orpinas对中学谈恋爱是消极的观点。故选C。