Unit-4-The-Professor-and-the-YoYo

Unit4TheProfessorandtheYo-YoⅠ.BackgroundInformation1)AlbertEinsteinGerman-bornAmericanPhysicistandNobelLaureate1879～1955“Imaginationismoreimportantthanknowledge.”—AlbertEinsteinAlbertEinstein,whoseSpecialTheoryofRelativityandGeneralTheoryofRelativityrevolutionizedscientificperceptionsoftheuniverse,isacknowledged,alongwithNewton,asoneofhistory’sgreatestphysicists.Sonoffree-thinking,culturedJews,Einsteinwasunabletospeakuntilhewasthreeanddisplayednospecialpromise.Anti-Semitismalsohamperedhistalentwhenitbegantoemerge.HebecameaSwisscitizenin1901,obtainingadoctoratefromtheUniversityofBernin1905.Hisresearch,whichendedinthefamousequationE=mc2,waspublishedinthesameyear.AfterWorldWarI,Einstein’sfameextendedbeyondthescientificcommunityandin1921hewasawardedtheNobelPrizeforphysics.Duringthe1920sheregardedtheriseoftheNazisinGermanywithhorror,eventuallyemigratingtotheU.S.where,in1933,hetookupapostatPrincetonUniversity.In1939hisearlywarningsofGermanscientificattemptstomakeanatomicbombpromptedthestartoftheManhattanProject.2)Einsteinexplainstheequivalenceofenergyandmatter“ItfollowedfromtheSpecialTheoryofRelativitythatmassandenergyarebothbutdifferentmanifestationsofthesamething—asomewhatunfamiliarconceptionfortheaveragemind.Furthermore,theequationEisequaltomcsquared,inwhichenergyisputequaltomass,multipliedbythesquareofthevelocityoflight,showedthatverysmallamountsofmassmaybeconvertedintoaverylargeamountofenergyandviceversa.Themassandenergywereinfactequivalent,accordingtotheformulamentionedbefore.ThiswasdemonstratedbyCockcroftandWaltonin1932,experimentally.”WhenHitlercametopower,EinsteinimmediatelydecidedtoleaveGermanyfortheUnitedStates.HetookapositionattheInstituteforAdvancedStudyatPrinceton,NewJersey.In1939EinsteincollaboratedwithseveralotherphysicistsinwritingalettertoPresidentFranklinD.Roosevelt,pointingoutthepossibilityofmakinganatomicbombandthelikelihoodthattheGermangovernmentwasembarkingonsuchacourse.Theletter,whichboreonlyEinstein’ssignature,helpedlendurgencytoeffortsintheU.S.tobuildtheatomicbomb,butEinsteinhimselfplayednoroleintheworkandknewnothingaboutitatthetime.After1919,Einsteinbecameinternationallyrenowned.Heaccruedhonorsandawards,includingtheNobelPrizeinphysicsin1921,fromvariousworldwasactiveinscientificsocieties.Hisvisittoanypartoftheworldbecameanationalevent;photographersandreportersfollowedhimeverywhere.Afterthewar,EinsteinthecauseofinternationaldisarmamentandworldgovernmentbutdeclinedtheoffermadebyleadersofthestateofIsraeltobecomepresidentofthatcountry.IntheU.S.duringthelate1940sandearly1950shespokeoutontheneedforthenation’sintellectualstomakeanysacrificenecessarytopreservepoliticalfreedom.EinsteindiedinPrincetononApril18,1955.3)TheYo-YoTheYo-Yoisasimpletoyconsistingofagrooveddoublediskwithastringaboutthecenter.Theplayerholdstheendofthestringwhichunwindsitselfasthediskisdropped.Thenbyaslightjerkonthestring,theplayercausesittorewinditself,andtoreelupbacktothehand.ThetoyissaidtohaveoriginatedinthePhilippines.Since1930ithasbecomeapopulartoyandeventodaychildrenindifferentcountriesplaytheYo-Yoandcompeteinvariouscontests.4)TheNobelPrizeNobelPrizesareannualmonetaryawardsgrantedtoindividualsorinstitutionsforoutstandingcontributionsinthefieldsofphysics,chemistry,physiologyormedicine,literature,internationalpeace,andeconomicsciences.TheNobelPrizesareinternationallyrecognizedasthemostprestigiousawardsineachofthesefields.TheprizeswereestablishedbySwedishinventorandindustrialistAlfredBernhardNobel,whosetupafundfortheminhiswill.ThefirstNobelPrizeswereawardedonDecember10,1901,thefifthanniversaryofNobel’sdeath.5)Woolworth’sFrankWinfieldWoolworth(1852~1919),anAmericanmerchant,wasborninRodman,NewYork.Heestablishedin1879afive-centstoreatUtica,NewYork,whichfailed,andthesameyearhestartedasuccessfulfive-and-ten-centstoreatLancaster,Pennsylvania.WoolworthopenedmanyothersandsoonextendedbusinessthroughouttheUnitedStatesandtoseveralforeigncountries.In1911theF.W.WoolworthCompanywasincorporatedwithownershipofover1,000five-and-tens,andhebecamedirectorofvariousfinancialfirms.(ThelastWoolworthstoreswereclosedin1998.)WoolworthhadtheWoolworthBuildingerectedinNewYorkCityin1913,thehighestbuildingintheworld(792ft/241.4m)atthattime.II.Warm-upquestions(1)Whatisaprofessor?Andwhatkindofimagedoyouassociatewithaprofessor?(2)WhatisaYo-yo?Haveyoueverhadone?(3)Whatdoyousupposetheauthorwantstotellusbyusingthetitle"TheProfessorandtheYo-yo"?Ⅲ.NewWordsandExpressions1.modest:adj.havingorexpressinganottoohighopinionofone’smerits,abilities,etc;limitHe'sgotadrawerfullofmedalsbuthe'stoomodesttowearthem.他有满满一抽屉的奖章,但是他很谦虚,从不戴它们。Pricestendedtoriseyearbyyear,butatamodestrate.物价年年上涨,但幅度不大。2.ease:n.freedomfromwork,discomfort,trouble,difficulty,worry,etcTheirteamwonthegamewithease.他们队轻松地赢了那场比赛。Theretiredcouplelivedalifeofease.这对退休夫妇过着安逸的生活Thehostessgreetedherguestswithease.女主人自然大方地迎接客人。3.display:vt.showThecakesweredisplayedinthewindow.糕点陈列在橱窗中。Hedisplayedinterestinarchaeology.他对考古学有兴趣。3.loop:vt.Sheloopedthecurtainup.她把帘子打环卷起。Heloopedtheropearoundthepole.他将绳子绕在柱子上。4.balance:n.conditionofbeingsteadyIlostmybalanceandfell.我身体失去平衡,摔了一跤5.impress:vt.haveastrongeffectonthemindorfeelingsofIwasveryimpressedbyhisstory.他的故事深深打动了我。Thewomanimpressedmemostunfavorably.这女人给我的印象极差。Impresson/uponsb.=impresssb.withsth.Myfatherimpressedonmetheimportanceofhardwork.我父亲要我牢记努力工作的重要性。Ourteacherimpresseduswiththeimportanceofindustryandeconomy.老师要我们牢牢记住勤奋节俭的重要性。6.function:vi.workTherefrigeratorisnotfunctioningwell.冰箱有点问题。Thesofafunctionsasabedatnight.这沙发在夜里可以当床。7.frustrate:vt.causetohavefeelingsofannoyeddisappointment;defeatTheymadetheirpreparationstofrustratetheconspiracy.他们作好准备挫败这个阴谋。Hewasfrustratedbyrepeatedfailures.他因一再失败而灰心丧气。8.jealous:adj.(+of)Hewasjealousofhisfriend'sreputation.他妒忌朋友的声誉。Whyishesojealous?他为何这么会妒忌?9.ambition:n.strongdesireforsuccess,power,riches,etcHersonwasfilledwithambitiontobecomeagreatinventor.她儿子一心想成为伟大的发明家。Herambitionwastobecomeafilmstar.她一心追求的是做电影明星。10.immune:adj.Someresearchgroupsarehopingtotrainimmunecellstorecognizeandgoaftercancerstemcells.(​http:​/​​/​dict.youdao.com​/​search?q=immune&ue=utf8&keyfrom=dict.index"\o"点击发音​)有些研究团队希望能训练免疫细胞，使它们能辨识并追缉癌症干细胞11.pretension:n.ItisthemostimpudentpieceofpretensionIeverheardofinmylife.(​http:​/​​/​dict.youdao.com​/​search?q=immune&ue=utf8&keyfrom=dict.index"\o"点击发音​)这是我一生中从没听说过的最厚颜无耻的一项要求了。12.correspond:vi.exchangemessages;becompatible,similarorconsistent;coincideintheircharacteristicsHaveyoubeencorrespondingwithhim?你一直和他通信吗?Iassureyoumyactionswillcorrespondwithmywords.我向你保证,我将言行一致。13.shrug:v.raiseone'sshoulderstoindicateindifferenceorresignationDon'tjustshrugyourshoulders.Saysomething.不要光耸肩。你讲讲话呀。Heshruggedatmysuggestion.他对我的建议只是耸耸肩。14.beam:1)vi.Lookorsmilehappilyandcheerfully;expressjoythroughone'sfacialexpressionUponhearingthegoodnewshebeamedwithjoy.一听到这个好消息,他高兴得眉开眼笑。2)acolumnoflight(asfromabeacon)Thebeamfromaflashlightshowedabeggarsleepingathisdoorstep.手电筒的光照出一个睡在他家门口的乞丐。15.thereafter:adv.afterthat;afterwardsHeleftNewYorkin1932andweheardnomoreofhimthereafter.他一九三二年离开纽约,自那以后再没有听到他的音讯。Hewascapturedbytheenemy,butescapedfromprisonshortlythereafter.(​http:​/​​/​dict.youdao.com​/​search?q=immune&ue=utf8&keyfrom=dict.index"\o"点击发音​)他被敌人俘虏，但很快就从敌营中逃脱。16.exclusively:adv.only,completely;speciallyThisroomisexclusivelyforwomen.这房间只对女士开放。ShewritesexclusivelyforNewYorkTimes.她专门为《纽约时报》写稿。17.application:n.using;theworkofapplyingsomethingBiologyhaspracticalapplications.生物学有实用性。Imadeanapplicationforaloan.我申请一笔贷款。Ⅳ.LanguagePoints1.Whenmyturncame,Idisplayedmyfewtricksandpointedouttohimthattheincorrectlyloopedstringhadthrownthetoyoffbalance.1)Paraphrasethesentence.IshowedmyskillsofhandlingtheYo-Yoandexplainedtohimthatthetoyhadturnedoverinsteadofrollingbackupthestringbecauseithadnotbeenloopedinaproperway.2)TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.轮到我时，我露了几手并向他指出，绕错的线圈使玩具失去了平衡。2.HewastheonlypersonIknewwhohadcometotermswithhimselfandtheworldaroundhim.1)Whatisthegrammaticalfunctionof“Iknewwhohadcometotermswithhimselfandtheworldaroundhim”?It’sanattributiveclausemodifyingtheword“theonlyperson”.2)Whatcanweinferfromthesentence?WecaninferfromthesentencethatEinsteinwasatpeacewithhimselfandtheworld.Heacceptedtheworldasitwasandknewhisownlimits.3.Heknewtherewereanswersbeyondhisintellectualreach.1)Paraphrasethesentence.Heknewthattheuniversehadmoremysteriesthanhecouldeverhopetosolvebyhisintellectualcapabilities.2)TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.他知道有许多问题的答案超出了他智力所及的范围。4.Heseemedimmunetotheseemotions.Hewasbeyondanypretension.1)Whatcanweinferfromthesentences?Einsteinseemedunaffectedbythesefeelings.Hewascompletelysincereandhonestwithouttheslightestintentiontoshowoff.5.HepursuedvarioustheoriesforseveraldaysuntilIsuggestedwetakethetoyaparttoseehowitdidwork.1)Whatistheimpliedmeaningofthesentence?Forafewdays,hecontinuedseveraltheoriestoexplainhowtheYo-YoworkedbeforeIsuggestedthatweseparateittohavealook.HerewecanseethatEinsteinwasapurelytheoristanddidnottakeinterestinpracticaluseoftheories.Sometimeshecouldnotsolvepracticalproblems.2)TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.他连续几天试着用各种理论来解释，后来是我建议把玩具拆开来看看它是怎样运转的。6.Hehaddevelopedtheoriesthatwereprofoundandcapableofexcitingrelativelyfewscientists.1)Analyzethestructureofthesentence.Itisanattributivesentencewith“that”clausemodifyingtheword“theories”.2)Paraphrasethesentence.Histheoriesweresodifficulttounderstandthatonlyasmallnumberofscientistsbecameinterestedinthem.7.Yethisnamewasahouseholdwordacrossthecivilizedworld.1)ParaphrasethesentenceNevertheless，hewasapersonwhosenamewasknownbyalmosteverybodythroughoutthecivilizedcountries.2)TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.然而，他的名字在整个文明世界都家喻户晓，人人皆知。Ⅴ.GlobalReading1.summaryinthe23yearsofourfriendship,Ineversawhimshowjealousy,vanity,bitterness,anger,resentmentorpersonalambition.Heseemedimmunetotheseemotions.Hewasbeyondanypretension.Althoughhecorrespondedwithmanyoftheworld’smostimportantpeople,hisstationerycarriedonlyawatermark—W—forWoolworth’s.Einsteinwaspurelyandexclusivelyatheorist.Hedidn’thavetheslightestinterestinpracticalapplicationofhisideasandtheories.ThepuzzlethatEinsteinwouldneverunderstandwashisfame.Hecouldneverunderstandwhyhewassingledoutassomethingspecial.2.partdivisionofthetextPartI(Line1-40)Einsteinwasaplainandsimplemaninhisdailylife.PartII(Line41-52)Thoughhewasworldfamous,Einsteinremainedpurelyandexclusivelyatheorist.PartIII(Line53-72)Einsteinneverunderstoodhisfame.3.Short-AnswerQuestionDirections:ToshowEinsteinispurelyandexclusivelyatheorist,theauthorgivesusthreeexamplesinthispart.Youarerequiredtowritethreesentencestosummarizethethreeexamples.Eachsentenceshouldbefewerthan20words.(1)Hewouldn’twalkdownthestreettoseeareactorcreateatomicenergy.(2)Hedidn’thaveanycuriosityinobservinghowhistheorymadeTVpossible.(3)Hepursedvarioustheoriesfortheworkofatoybutfailedtoknowitsoperatingprinciple.4.QuestionsandAnswers1)Whatisthebesttitleofthispart?Einstein’sattitudetowardhisfame.2)HowdidEinsteinfeelabouthisownfame?Hesaidhehadasgoodideasasotherpeopleandthathisideashadbeenacceptedbecausehehadtheluck.Hewasevenpuzzledbyhimself.Hecouldnotunderstandwhyhereceivedsomuchattentionandwassingledoutsomethingspecial.5.AnAnalysisofEinstein’sPersonalityStatementsSupportingDetailsEinsteinhadnopersonalambition.1.Hewasreadytocometotermswithhimselfandtheworldaroundhim.2.Heknewtherewereanswersbeyondhisintellectualreach.3.Hewascontenttogoasfarashecould.4.Henevershowedjealousy,vanity,bitterness,anger,resentment,orpersonalambition.Einsteinbelievedinsimplicity.HewasbeyondpretensionHeboughthisstationeryinWoolworth’s,afive-and-ten-centvarietystore.Henevercarriedmoneywithhimbecausehehadnouseforit.heusedonlywaterandsafetyrazortoshave.Heneededonlyapencilandapadofpapertodohiswork.Einsteinwaspurelyandexclusivelyatheorist.Hedidnothavetheslightestinterestinthepracticalapplicationofhisideasandtheories.Hewouldnotwalkdownthestreettoseeareactorcreateatomicenergy.HedidnothaveanycuriosityinobservinghowhisPhotoelectricTheorycouldmakeTVpossible.Hetriedinvaintodeducetheoperatingprincipleofatoybirdbutrefusedtotakeitaparttoseehowitactuallyworked.Einsteinwaseasytoapproachandwasbeyondanypretension.HewrotealongpoemofthankstoasmallboywhohadsenthimaYo-Yo.Hecorrespondedwithmanyoftheworld’smostimportantpeoplewithordinarystationery.Hethoughtthathisideashadbeenacceptedbecausehewasaluckyman.Ⅵ.UsefulExpression1.密友aclosefriend2.感到无拘无束feelatease3.指出pointout4.使玩具失去平衡throwthetoyoffbalance5.一首表示感谢的诗apoemofthanks6.在某人的能力范围内withinone’slimits7.超出力所能及的范围beyondone’sintellectuallimits8.对……心满意足becontentto9.对……具有免疫力beimmuneto10.与……通信往来correspondwith11.一本拍纸簿apadofpaper12.对某人来说毫无意义meannothingtosomeone13.信奉简朴believeinsimplicity14.回复到revertto15.实际应用practicalapplication16.相对来说次要relativelyminorinimportance17.推断其运作原理deducetheoperatingprinciple18.推理中的一个漏洞aflawinone’sreasoning19.不赞成的表情anexpressionofdisapproval20.研究出解决workoutansolution21.一个家喻户晓的名字ahouseholdname22.对……迷惑不解bebewilderedby23.受到关注receiveattention24.挑选出singleout（注：可编辑下载，若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢!）