新视野大学英语第二版第三册完形填空

Unite1Althoughtheymaynotbetheworld’sfastestorstrongestathletes,the1830competitionsinthe2005SpecialOlympicsWorldWinterGamesheldinNagano,Japancompetedwithalltheirhearts.AttheclosingceremonyPrincessTakamadoofJapanmadeaspeech.Shesaid,’Thepastweekwasallaboutsmiles,gentlenessandpeace.Itrulyhopewithinmyheartthattheentireworldcanlearnsomethinghere.Wecanalllearnfromtheexamplesthesespecialathleteshaveshownus.’TheaimoftheSpecialOlympicsisclear.Itistoencourageindividualswithintellectualdisabilitiestobecomephysicallyfit.Theyarealsoencouragedtobeproductiveandrespectedmembersofsocietythroughsportstrainingandcompetition.Ifanathletewinsincompetition,itisabonus.However,inawayeveryonewins.LilyKuhn,12,askierwithTeamUSA,couldhardlyrestrainherenthusiasmasthewrotehome.Shetoldherparents:Iwasproudofmyself.Iamhappynotsimplyforwinning,butforwinninghonestly,lovingtocompeteandworkingthehardestforthelongesttime.Thefestivalendingthegamesissomethingtoremember.Itisn’tcompletewithoutthehugs.Oneeventvolunteerwhilehuggingandhandingoutsweatshirtstosomeoftheathleteshelduphisthumbsandsaid,”Alloftheseathletesaresuper!Ican’tgoanywherearoundherewithoutgettingahug.Iprayformoreofthissortofthing.Ihopethatthespiritwithwhichtheyhavecompetedmighttouchthewholeworld.Watchingtheseyoungpeopleblossomoverthepastweekhastrulytouchedmylife.”Attheendofthefestival,thevicemayorforthecityofShanghai,whichwillhostthe2007summergames,acceptedtheflagfortheSpecialOlympicspledgingthat“thecityofShanghaiwouldopenitsarmstotheworldandtotheSpecialOlympics”.Unite2JimFixxhadbeenaheavysmokerandweighed214poundswhenhetookuprunninginthe1960s.Hesoonreapedthebenefitsfromrunning.Hisweightdecreasedby60poundsbythetimehisbook,TheCompleteBookOfRunning,waspublished.Hisbookinspiredmillionsofpeople.Inhisbookandontelevisiontalkshows,heextolledthebenefitsofphysicalexerciseandhowitconsiderablyincreasedtheaveragepeople’slifeexpectancy.Hisreadersandaudiencebecamemorehealth-conscious.However,totheirshock,Fixxdiedattheageof52afterhisdailyrun.Manywhoopposedhisbeliefssaidthiswasevidencethatrunningwasharmful.However,hissupportersrevealedthattherealcauseofFixx’sdeathwasaheartattack.Hecamefromafamilywheremenhadpoorhealthstories.Hisfathersufferedaheartattackattheageof35anddiedofoneat42.GivenFixx’sunhealthylifestyleuntilhetookuprunning,manyarguedthatrunningaddedmanyyearstohislife.“Runningdoeshaveitsshortcomings,”AcknowledgesheartspecialistPaulThomas,inarecentmedicaljournal.“Theimpactcanbehardonyourknees.Runnersaremoreatriskduringtheirtraining,particularlyiftheyrunmarathons.However,thenewsforrunnersisn’tallbad.Evidencesuggestsinspiteofitsshortcomings,moderateamountofrunningexercisecanactuallyresultinalonger,improvedlife.”Dr.DaleMacdonald,acertifiedStrengthandConditioningspecialistoncesummedupadiscussionbysaying,“Aswithallathleticendeavors,runningcomeswithbothgreatrewardandinherentrisk.Morethan60%ofrunnerswillsufferaninjurythatcausesthemtotaketimeoffrunning—eachyear!”Healsosaidthatimprovingone’sbalancecanreducethelikelihoodofinjury.Unite3Hydewasfoundedin1966toprovideeducationbasedoncharacterdevelopmentratherthanacademicachievement.Itisaplacewherewell-to-dofamiliescansendtheirchildrenwhohavedifficultyinothereducationalenvironments.Manystudentsaretherebecausetheirparentsbelieveintheeducationaltheoryofcharacterbeforeperformance.AlthoughHydeistypicallycategorizedasacollegepreparatoryschool,theschoolregardsitsprimarypurposeaspreparationforlife.Hydehelpsstudentslearn,embrace,andadoptacharactercompassthatwillguidethemfortherestoftheirlives.Emphasisisplacedonperformingartsandsports.Hydebelievesthatoneneedstoexposethemselvestogroupandcommunityinteractionsaspartofthegrowthprocess.Competitivesportsareplayedyearroundandhaveledtomanychampionships.Therearetypicalhighschoolclassesandacademics.ManyAdvancedPlacementcoursesareavailableandencouraged.Moststudentsareacceptedtofour-yearcollegesanduniversities.Thereare“GroupDiscovery”sessionsseveraltimesperweek.Studentsareencouragedtocounseleachotherwhentheythinkanotherstudent’sactionsorthoughtsdonotcorrespondtotheschool’sphilosophy.Thesesessionsfocusontheindividualstudentsandtheircurrentissuesandproblemsfacedattheschool.Studentsareencouragedtoshareintimatesecrets,doubtsandregretsaboutthemselvesandtheirfamilies.Thesesessionsareextendedtoparents.ThepurposeofthesesessionsistoinvolvethewholefamilyintotheHydecommunitysocialstructure.Truthisemphasizedoverharmony.Studentswhohavedifficultywithfollowingtheschoolrulesareassignedtoperformmaintenancejobsandlawncarefortheschool.Thepracticeisnotsolelypunitivebutalsoservestoillustratethatthetransgressorhasseparatedhim/herselffromthecommunitybytheiractions.Theideabehinditistoearnacceptancebythegroup,andworkbackintothetrustofthecommunity.Unite4WhenHenryFordannouncedhewasgoingtoproduceanautomobilethatwouldbeaffordabletothegeneralpopulation,heprobablydidnotrealizewhatagreatimpacthisachievementwouldhaveonlifeintheUnitedStatesand,eventually,theworld.Ford’suseofmassproductionstrategiestomanufacturetheModelTstartedanewerainpersonaltransportation.Asaresult,roadswerebuiltforthesakeofcarsandthegreatermobilityofpeople.Withcarsandtheroads,havingabusinessofone’sownbecamealotmorefeasible.Everytypeofbusinesssprungup.Customerscouldeasilygettothestoresnomatterwheretheywereintown,providedtherewasaroad,sobusinessesnolongerhadtobelocatedatatown’scenter.Andwhataboutthefamilyvacation?Familiespackedintotheircarsanddroveacrossthecountrytoexplorethenewfrontier,stoppingateverypossibleroadsideattractionontheway.Therewasnolimittowhereyoucouldgoandwhatyoucouldsee.Thecarofferedasenseofindependenceand,asAmericansparticularlyhatedtoberestricted,theyfellinlovewiththeautomobileinstantly.Onaverage,eachAmericanhouseholdownstwoormorecars.Astheworldgetsmorecomplicated,drivingcarsaroundhelpspeoplecopewiththedemandsofmodernlife.IfyouaskpeoplewhatqualitiesdefineAmericans,theywillprobablysaythatthetwodominatingcharacteristicsofanAmericanareinventivenessandindependence.Americaistrulythelandofcarsandcarculture.Unite5Agingisanaturalprocess.Althoughmedicaladvancementshavecomeupwithwaystocoversignsofaging,thereisnostoppingtheprocess.Duringtheclosingperiodinthelifespanofhumanbeings,peopletendto“moveaway”frommoredesirablepreviousperiods,oftenknownas“usefulness”.Agesixtyisusuallyconsideredthedividinglinebetweenmiddleandoldage.Itisthetimewhereyouareconsideredan“elderly”,meaningsomewhatoldoradvancedbeyondmiddleage.Periodofdeclinecomespartlyfromphysicalandpartlypsychologicalfactors.Thephysicalcauseofdeclineisachangeinthebodycellsduetotheeffectsoftheagingprocess.Thepsychologicalcauseofdeclinehassomethingtodowithunfavorableattitudestowardoneself,otherpeople,workandlifeingeneral.Senility,amoreorlesscompletephysicalbreakdown,willtakeplacewhenthereismentaldisorganization.Theindividualbecomescareless,absent-minded,sociallywithdrawn,andpromptlyadjusted.Duetotheunfavorablesocialattitudestowardtheelderly,treatmenttowardtheminAmerican,unlikeothercultures,makesthemfeelnolongerusefulandunwanted.Peoplewhocomefromcountrieswhererespectfortheelderlyiscustomaryusuallytreatelderpeoplewithmoreconsiderationandrespect.Infact,oldpeopleareatreasureofexperiencetosociety.Itisexpectedthatoldpeoplewillplayanincreasinglyactiveroleinsocialandcommunityaffairsaswellasinthebusinessandprofessionalworlds.Becauseofthereductioninthenumberofrolestheelderlyareabletoplay,itisverylikelythattheywilldevelopafeelingofinferiority.Itisourdutytomakethembetterrealizevalueandhelpthemleadalifeofcomfort.Unite6EarthquakeshaveplaguedourlivesforaslongaspeoplehaveinhabitedtheEarth.ThesedangerousactsoftheEarthhaveresultingreatdamagetohumanbeings.Earthquakesdamagedependsonwhatareaishit.Ifanunpopulatedregionisstruck,therewillbelowlossoflifeorproperty.Ifithitalargecitywhichisdenselypopulated,theremaybeseriousinjuriesanddestruction.Earthquakeshavethepowertouproottreesandsendthemcrashingintobuildings.Theycantriggerlandslidesandcausefloodingandtsunamis.Buildingsandstructuresarealsoatrisk.Itisinterestingtonotethattallbuildingswillsuffertheleastdamageiftheyarelocateddirectlyattheepicenter.Thisisbecausetheycanwithstandtheup-and-downmotionofP-waves.S-waves,ontheotherhand,occurfarawayfromtheepicenter,andcausethegreateststressbyshakingbuildingsfromsidetoside.Thesebuildingsareoftenknockedofftheirfoundations.Buildingswiththick,heavywallsdonotresistshockwavesverywell.Violentearthquakesoftencausestructurestocollapse,buryingpeopleunderneath.Brickbuildingsarethemostvulnerable.Theshakingoftheearthissometimesnotthegreatestdisaster.Itisinthesubsequentfiresandfoldsthatoftenthegreatestdamageoccurs.Predictinganearthquakeuntilnowhasalmostbeentechnologicallyimpossible.Withimprovementsintechnology,liveshavebeensavedandmanymorewill.Allthatremainsistoresearchtothepointthatasuccessfulearthquakepredictionistheoreticallypossible.However,accuratepredictionofearthquakemaytakemoreyears.UNIT7Attheageof21,SteveJobsandafriend,StephenWozniak,builtapersonalcomputercalledtheApple.TheApplechangedpeople’sideaofacomputerfromagigantic(巨大的)massofvacuumtubesonlybigbusinessandthegovernmentcouldaffordtoasmallboxusedbyordinarypeople.NocompanyhasdonemoretopopularizethecomputerandmakeitusedfriendlythanAppleComputerInc.TwoyearsafterbuildingtheAppleI,SteveJobsintroducedtheAppleII.TheAppleIIwasthebestbuyinpersonalcomputersforhomeandsmallbusinessthroughoutthefollowingfiveyears.SteveJobswasconsideredabrilliantyoungmaninsiliconvalley,becausehesawthefuturedemandsofthecomputerindustry.“Thepersonalcomputerwascreatedbythehardwarerevolutionofthe1970sandthenextdramaticchangewillcomefromasoftwarerevolution”,saidJobs.JobwasanorphanadoptedbyPaulandClaraJobsin1955.Whilestillinhighschool,JobsattendedlecturesattheHewlett-Packardelectronicsfirm.Therehewashiredasasummeremployeeandmetanotheremployee,Wozniak,whohadapassionforinventingelectronicdevices.In1972JobsgraduatedfromhighschoolandregisteredatReedCollegeinPortland,Oregon.AfterdroppingoutofReedafteronesemester,hehungaroundthecampusforayear,takingclassesinphilosophy.Earlyin1974JobstookajobdesigningvideogamesforAtari,Inc.But,hereallyhadhiseyeonthecommercialendoftheelectronicsbusinessandpersuadedWozniaktoworkwithhimtowardbuildingapersonalcomputer.Theysoldeverythingtheyhad,raising＄1300tostarttheirnewcompany.Withthatcapitalbaseandcreditbeggedfromlocalelectronicssuppliers,theysetuptheirfirstproductionline.JobscampupwiththenameoftheirnewcompanyAppleinmemoryofahappysummerhehadspentasanorchardworkerinOregon.Unit9Accordingtoourexperience,financialdisputesarethenumberonereasonfordivorceinAmerica.Apremaritalagreementisdesignedtoidentifyfinancialconcernsandestablishexpectations.Ratherthanbeinga“planfordivorce”,aneffectiveprenuptialagreementisdivorceprevention.Weworkcloselywithcouplestodesignprenuptialagreementthatarecustomtailored.Wewillsitdownwithyouandexamineyourentiresituationtodeterminethebesttermsfoeapremaritalagreement.Prenuptialagreementsarelegalcontractsandthus,theyshouldnotbeenteredtoslightly.Premaritalagreementshavea(n)impactonyourfinances,yourfamily,andyourfuture.Workingwithanexperiencedprenuptialagreementattorneyinsuresthatyouareenteringintoafairandrealisticpremaritalagreement.Unfortunately,someprenuptialagreementsareunfair,unrealistic,orevenillegal,andsubsequentlyunenforceable.Ifyouearfacingdivorceandyouareapartytoaprenuptialagreementthatincludestermsyoudispute,youneedanexperiencedprenuptialagreementattomeytoshieldyourrightsandinterests.WehaveextensiveexperiencedrepresentingclientsseekingtoenforceordefeattermsinpremaritalagreementsIfyouaresubjecttoaprenuptialagreementthatyoubelieveisunfair,invalid,nolongerapplicable,orillegal,ourprenuptialagreementslitigationattorneyscangotoworkforyoutocomeupwithafairangworkableprenuptialagreement.Ifyourequireassistancetodesignanddraftaprenuptialagreementthatisreliableoryouarefacingdivorceandinvolvedinadisputeoverthevalidityofaprenuptialagreement,comtactustospeakwithanexperiencedprenuptialagreementattorney.