教案新视野Unit_8_Book_I

BookOne(IntegratedCourse1)Unit1CollegeLifeTextASecretsofStraight-AStudentsTeachingObjects:Non-Englishmajors,Grade2014I.TeachingAims1.Helpstudentstorealizetheirmaintaskatcollege.2.Helpstudentstoadjusttheirstudyhabitsinordertobecomestraight-Astudents.3.Helpstudentstounderstandtheconnotationoftheproverb:nopains,nogains..4.Conductaseriesofreading,listening,speakingandwritingactivitiescentereduponthethemeoftheunit.II.TeachingEmphasis1. Sharewithstudentssometechniquestopstudentsemployintheirstudy.2. Keywordsandexpressionsconduct,attain,principle,priority,compromise,recreation,addition,perform,advocate,retention,schedule,promote,confirm,assign,undertake,pressure,motivate,etc.3. KeygrammaticalstructuretheuseofthearticleIII.TimeAllotment:Sixperiodsfortheunit1stperiod:Pre-reading;while-reading(CulturalNotes)2ndperiod:While-reading(TextOrganization&Understandingofthewholetext)3rdperiod:While-reading(LanguageStudy)4thperiod:While-reading(LanguageStudy)5thperiod:Post-reading;checkonstudents’homereading(TextB)6thperiod:Theme-relatedLanguageLearningTasksIV.TeachingSteps1.Warm-upQuestions(1).Whatarethedifferencesbetweencollegelifeandmiddleschoollife?(2).Wereyouaccustomedtocollegelifeinthefirstmonthafteryouenteredthecollege?Howdidyoufeelthen?(3).Whoisthebeststudentinyourclass?Whydoyousayso?(4).Doyouthinkastudentwhoisonlygoodatstudyisagoodstudent?Whyorwhynot?(5).Tobeastraight-Astudent,whatshouldastudentdo?2.BackgroundinformationQuotesandProverbsonEducationbyConfuciusConfuciuswasateacher,scholarandminorpoliticalofficialwhosecommentaryonChineseliteraryclassicsdevelopedintoapragmaticphilosophyfordailylife.Notstrictlyreligious,theteachingsofConfuciuswereausefulapproachtosocialharmonyanddefinedmoralobligationsbetweenindividualsandsocialsystems.AfterhisdeathhispupilscollectednotesonhissayingsanddoingsandrecordedthemastheAnalects.Thiscollectionwasaddedtoovertheyears,andmanysayingsattributedtohimareprobablyonlylooselybasedonhisteachings.HisapproachwasformalizedintoapoliticalandreligioussystemduringtheHanDynastyintheearlypartofthethirdcentury.(1)IhearandIforget.IseeandIremember.Idoandunderstand.(2)Exploringtheoldanddeducingthenewmakesateacher.(3)Tolearnwithoutthinkingislabourinvain;tothinkwithoutlearningisdesolation.(4)Knowledgeisnotequaltodevotion.Devotionisnotequaltojoy.(5)Realknowledgeistoknowtheextentofone’signorance.(6)Whenyouknowathing,toholdthatyouknowit;andwhenyoudonotknowathing,toallowthatyoudonotknowit—thisisknowledge.3.StudyofthetextPara.OneMainIdea:Studentsshouldknowhowtomakefulluseoftheirinnateabilities.Questions&Answers(1)Whatdidtheprofessorofeducationfind?Hefoundthattopgradesdonotalwaysgotothebrighteststudents.(2)Whatisimportantforastudenttobearinmind?Heorsheshouldbearinmindhowtomakethemostofhisorherinnateabilities.Para.TwoMainIdea：Topstudentsattainacademicexcellencebymasteringafewbasicprinciplesthatotherscaneasilylearn.Questions&Answers(1)Whatarethebasicprinciplesforattainingacademicexcellence?Theyare:a.setpriorities;b.studyanywhereoreverywhere;c.studyatone’spreferredtime;d.beconsistent.(2)Howdoesthewriterillustratewhatismeantby“setprioritiesright”?Asastudent,studytimeshouldalwaysbeguaranteed,anditshouldneverbecompromisedforphonecalls,televisionprogrammesorsnacks.TypicalOrganizationofThisParagraph(1)Thetopicsentence:Thestudentsatthetopoftheclassattainacademicexcellencebymasteringafewbasicprinciplesthatotherscaneasilylearn.(2)Howtoillustrate:1)Tobeginwith,…2)Inaddition,…3)Amongallthestudentsinterviewed,...4)However,...Para.ThreeMainIdea:Topstudentslearntobeorganized.Questions&Answers(1)Whatdidthefirststudentsayaboutgettingorganized?Hewon’twastehisprecioustimesearchingforthingsthathavebeenmisplaced.(2)Whatdidthesecondstudentsayaboutgettingorganized?Hewillhavetheclassnotesreadyforreviewwhentheexaminationtimecomes.Para.FourMainIdea:Topstudentsknowhowtoscheduletheirtimeproperly.Questions&Answers(1)Whyisitimportantforstudentstoknowhowtoscheduletheirtime?Ifstudentsscheduletheirtimewell,theywillreasonablypaceeachassignmentorprojecttoavoidbeingoverwhelmedbythetaskathand.Besides,bydoingso,theywillhavemoretimetoreviewandpolishtheirwork,andtheyarelesslikelytoprocrastinate.(2)Whataresomeofthelearningstrategiestopstudentsshareaboutgettingorganized?Twospecificonesaregiven:a.takingdowngoodnotesduringlessonsandusingthemforrevision;andb.jottingdownatwoorthree-sentencesummaryofthelesson’sprincipalpointsbeforeclassisoverandscanningthenotesbeforethenextday’sclass.Para.FiveMainIdea:Topstudentsareveryseriousaboutschoolandveryactiveinclass.Questions&Answers(1) Whatotherfactorsareintroducedinthisparagraphthatmaycontributetoacademicexcellence?Theyare:handinginneatwork,speakingupandaskingquestionsinclass,andactivelyparticipatinginclassroomactivities.(2)Whatdoesthestudentmeanby“Bettergradescomefrombetterunderstanding.”?Byspeakingupandaskingquestionstoclarifyanydoubts,astudentmaycometoabetterunderstanding,whichwillleadtobettergrades.Para.SixMainIdea:Studentsbenefitfromgroupstudy.Questions&Answers(1)Whathasbeenfoundaboutgroupstudy?Anexperimenthasshownthatstudentsbenefitedfromstudyingtogether.Thosewhostudiedinagroupscoredhigherthanthosewhostudiedontheirown.(2)Whatdoestheword“labour”revealaboutstudyingonone’sown?Whensomeonelabourstodosomething,thatpersondoesitwithdifficulty.Byusing“labour”todescribestudyingonone’sown,thewriteremphasizesthevalueofgroupstudy.Para.SevenMainIdea:Topstudentsdomorethantheassignedhomeworkandgetmorecontributionsfromtheirparents.Questions&Answers(1)Whydoesthestudentchoosetodomorethansheisaskedto?Becauseshebelievesthatthemoreshedoes,themoreshelearns.(2)Whatisthemostimportantsecretofsuper-achieversaccordingtoexpertsandtopstudents?Itisthecrucialcontributionbytheparentsofthosestudents.Thoseparentsusuallyemphasizetheimportanceoflearning,sethighstandardsfortheirchildrenandholdthemtothosestandards.Besides,theyarealsoencouraging,loving,gentleandmotivatingparentswhoteachtheirchildrenlessonsofresponsibility.4.Understandingofsomedifficultsentences(1)SecretsofStraight-AStudents1)Whoarecalled“straight-Astudents”?Astraight-Astudentissomeonewhoregularlygetsthebestmarksforalloftheirworkinschoolorcollege.2)TranslatethetitleintoChinese.全优生的秘诀(2)…,itisfarmoreimportantforastudenttoknowhowtomakethemostofhisorherinnateabilities.1)Whatisthepartofspeechoftheword“far”?Whatdoesitmean?It’sanadverb.Itmeansverymuch.Itcanbeusedtomodifysomeadjectives,suchasfarless/better/easier,andtomodifysomeprepositions,suchasfarabove/below/beyond.Moreexamples:Itwouldtakemefartoolongtoexplain.Thenewsystemisfarbetterthantheoldone.Heboughtitforapricethatwasfarbeyond(=muchmorethan)itsrealvalue.2)Paraphrase“makethemostofhisorherinnateabilities”.Togetasmuchadvantageasonecanfromone’sinnateabilities.(3)Studytimeisnevercompromisedforphonecalls,televisionprogrammesorsnacks.Inotherwords,itisalwaysplacedaboverecreation.Whatkindofstudyhabitdoestheauthordescribe?Talkaboutitinyourownwords.Nevermakephonecalls,watchtelevisionorhavesnackswhenit’stimetostudy.Studyisforeverthefirstchoice.(4)Theymustknowhowtopaceeachassignmentorprojectaccordingtotheirdailytimetableandworkabilitysothattheymightnotbeoverwhelmedbythetasksathand.1)Whatcanyouinferfromtheexpression“topaceeachassignmentorprojectaccordingtotheirdailytimetableandworkability”?Ourtimeandenergyarelimited,sowehavetoorganizeourassignmentsandactivitiesskillfullysothatwedonothavetoomuchtodoandstillhaveenergyleftneartheend.2)Paraphrase“thetasksathand”.Tasksthatneedtobedealtwithnow.(5)Anotherwinningformulawhichteacherspromoteliesinastudent’sabilitytohandinneatwork.Whatdoes“formula”originallymean?Whatdoesitrefertohere?Formulameansalistofthesubstancesusedtomakeamedicine,drink,etc.Herewinningformulareferstoamethodthatleadstosuccess.(6)Accordingtooneprofessor,thestudentwhoturnsinneatworkisalreadyonthewaytoscoringanA.Whatcanweinferfrom“isalreadyonthewaytoscoringanA”?ItisverylikelythatthestudentwillgetanA.(7)Theexperimentalsoilluminatedthevalueofhypotheticaltestsconductedamongthestudentsandontheirown.1)Whatisa“hypotheticaltest”?Ahypotheticaltestisatestthatisnotreal,butthatmighthappen.2)TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.研究也证明了学生间互相进行模拟测试或自我测试的好处。(8)Expertsconfirmedthatstudentswhodevisepossibletestquestionsoftenfindmanyofthesamequestionsduringtherealexaminationandthusscorehigher.Whatisthebenefitofdevisingpossibletestquestions?Bydevisingquestionsthatmightpossiblyappearinthetest,thestudentsundertakeathoroughreviewofwhatthey’velearnedandbecomebetterpreparedfortherealtest.(9)Thelattersethighstandardsfortheirchildrenandheldthemtothosestandards.Paraphrase“heldthemtothosestandards”.Helpedthemliveuptothestandards.(10)Theyimpressedthelessonsofresponsibilityontheirchildren,andthechildrendelivered.1)Explainthepart“impressedthelessonsofresponsibilityontheirchildren”.“Impresssomethingonsomebody”meanstomaketheimportanceofsomethingcleartosomeone.Theparentsmadeitcleartotheirchildrenthatresponsibilityisveryimportant.2)Whatdoes“deliver”mean?Itmeanstoprovidesomethingpromisedorexpected.3)TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.他们使孩子们铭记肩负的责任，而孩子们则将其付诸实践。5.Languagepoints(1)conduct:vt.carryoutordirect;gowithandguideorlead---Weareconductingasurveyofconsumerattitudestowardsorganicfood.---Isitreallynecessarytoconductexperimentsonanimals?Collocation:conductameeting主持会议conductaninvestigation进行调查Pleasefindsomesetphrasesofthiswordfromthistext.conductastudy进行研究conductanexperiment进行实验conductatest进行测试(2)attain:vt.gainorarriveat,esp.afterlongeffort;reach---Indiaattainedindependencein1947.---Iwouldtellthemthattheycouldattainlevelsofqualityandcustomersatisfactiongreaterthantheyhadeverimagined.CF:attain,achieve&accomplish这三个动词均有“达到、完成”之意。attain指努力去达成或实现目标，常指事先没有确信会成功而去追求的目标。例如:---Shefinallyattainedherends.她终于达到了她的目的。---Kacyattainedtherankofdeputydirector.凯茜当上副经理了。achieve指由于功绩或努力而理所当然应该得到的成功。例如:---Hewillneverachievehisobjectivesifhedoesnotworkharder.如果不加倍努力的话，他永远也实现不了他的目标。accomplish指完成规定的任务。例如:---Heaccomplishedthebuildingofthebookcase.他做完了一个橱。(3)principle:n.atruthorbeliefthatisacceptedasabaseforreasoningoraction;thegeneralrulesonwhichaskill,science,etc.isbased,andwhichabeginnermustunderstand---Hepridedhimselfonhishighmoralprinciples(=strongideasabouthowitisrightorwrongtobehave).---Schoolstrytoteachchildrenasetofprinciples.Collocation:againstsomebody’sprinciples违背原则---It’sagainstmyprinciplestoacceptgiftsfromclients.从客户那里接受礼物有违我的原则。apersonofprinciple有原则的人---Heconsideredhimselftobeamanofprinciple.他认为自己是一个有原则的人。inprinciple原则上---Inprinciple,thenewsoftwareshouldmaketheaccountingsystemalotsimpler.原则上，这个新的软件应当使会计系统简便很多。(4)priority:n.somethingthatneedsattention,consideration,service,etc.beforeothers---Afterseveralburglariesinthearea,securityisnowahighpriority.---Withsolittlemoneyavailable,repairsmustremainalowpriority.---我们应当优先考虑孩子。Thechildrenareourfirstpriority.Collocation:afirst/top/mainpriority优先考虑的问题---Roadbuildingisatoppriority.道路建设是应最优先考虑的事情。priorityover比……优先---Thisprojecthaspriorityoverothers.这个项目应放在其他一切项目之上。(5)compromise:vi.dosomethingthatisagainstone’sprinciplesordoesnotreachthestandardsthatonehasset---Thecaptainrefusedtocompromiseonanyofhisdemands.---Sheadmittedthatshewasunabletocompromise.---Theemployerswillhavetobereadytocompromiseiftheywanttoavoidastrike.Collocation:compromisewith和某人妥协----Wecannotcompromisewiththosewhoseprinciplesaredirectlyopposedtoourown.我们不能和在原则方面与我们针锋相对的人妥协。compromiseon在某事上妥协---ThePresidentmightbewillingtocompromiseondefensespending.总统可能愿意在国防开支上妥协。(6)recreation:n.[C;U](aformof)amusementandenjoyment;wayofspendingfreetime---Vancouverisacitymoreintunewithoutdoorrecreationthanculturalinstitutions.---他唯一的消遣方式就是喝啤酒和看足球。Hisonlyrecreationsaredrinkingbeerandwatchingfootball.---Theyseetheoutdoorsasarecreationactivity,notajobopportunity.CF:recreation,pastime&hobby这三个名词均有“闲暇时间的活动”之意。recreation指娱乐性放松，其含义包括了体育锻炼。例如：---Holidaycentersofferavarietyofrecreationsthatincludefolkdancing,swimmingandboating.度假中心提供各种各样的娱乐，包括民间舞蹈、游泳和划船。pastime指为消磨闲暇所做的任何事情，代表着几乎没有什么价值的活动。例如：---Heinsistedthathispaintingwasmerelyapastimethatkepthimfrombeingbored.他认为他画画只是为了摆脱无聊的一种消遣罢了。hobby指一种完善而具体的知识或对有些领域很在行的活动，尤指收集或修补活动，经常由自己在家里做。例如：---Susan’shobbiesincludereading,cooking,anddrama.苏珊的爱好有阅读、烹饪和戏剧。(7)addition:n.theactofadding,esp.ofaddingnumberstogether;somethingadded---Additionsaremadetothelistfromtimetotime.---Inthelastthreemonthstherehasbeenanewadditiontothefamily—ourdaughter,Rachel.Collocation:inaddition此外，另外---Thebossforcedhimtoworksixteenhoursadayandbeathiminaddition.老板强迫他一天工作16个小时，而且还要打他。inadditionto除了……之外---Inadditiontohissalary,heearnsalotfromroyalties.除了工资，他还挣不少版税。CF:addition&accretion这两个名词均有“增加、增添”之意。addition指数目的增加，或一样东西与另一样东西的相加。例如:---Theadditionofflourwillthickengravy.加些面粉可使肉汁变稠。accretion指自然的增加，尤指外层附加物的添加。例如:---Amineralaugmentsbyaccretion.矿物因增生而增大。---Aglacierisformedbytheaccretionofmanyparticlesoffrozenpackedsnow.冰川是由许多冻实的小雪块相加而形成的。(8)perform:vt.1)do;carryout(apieceofwork,duty,ceremony,etc.),esp.accordingtoausualorestablishedmethod---TheoperationwasperformedbyateamofsurgeonsatBrooksHospital.---Studentsperformincreasinglydifficulttasksasthecoursecontinues.2)give,act,orshow(aplay,apartinaplay,apieceofmusic,tricks,etc.),esp.inthepresenceofthepublic---Theoperawasperformedinover100cities.Collocation:performastudy/experiment/analysis进行一项研究/实验/分析---Ananalysisofthesurveydatawasperformed.调查数据经过了分析。performatask/job/duty履行任务/职责---Shewasfiredfornotperformingthedutiesoutlinedinhercontract.她因不履行上的职责而被解雇。CF:perform&conduct这两个动词均有“做、在行动中执行任务”之意。perform指履行义务、职责或执行命令，所执行的任务一般比较困难和复杂。例如:---Hewouldn’tpromisewhathecouldnotperform.他不轻率许诺。conduct指挥、实现、进行，词义接近perform，但强调指导、领导或监督。例如:---TheinterviewwasconductedinEnglish.面试用英语进行。(9)advocate:vt.speakinfavourof;support(anideaorplan),esp.publicly---It’sterriblethatsomepeoplearenowopenlyadvocatingviolence.一些人现在公开提倡暴力，这真可怕。---Theyadvocatedstatecontrolofallpublicservices.(10)retention:n.[U][fml]abilitytorememberthings;thestateoractionofretaining---Ihavearealproblemwithretentionofinformation.---Withoutwaterretentionthelandbecomesbaked.如果不能保留住水，土地就会变干变硬。(11)schedule:1)n.aplanofwhatsomeoneisgoingtodoandwhentheyaregoingtodoit---Shehasaprettytightschedule,butshemaybeabletomeetyouforlunch.---Howcanhefiteverythingintohisbusyschedule?---按照时间表，第一节课九点开始。Accordingtotheschedule,thefirstlecturebeginsat9:00am.Collocation:onschedule按照时间表，准时---Themajorityofholidayflightsdepartandarriveonschedule.aheadof/behindschedule提前/落后于时间表---Duetothebadweather,thebuildingworkwasalreadybehindschedule.2)vt.planthatsomethingwillhappenataparticulartime---I’vescheduledameetingfortomorrow.Ihopeeveryonecanattend.---Monday’sperformanceisscheduledtostartat7:30pm.Pattern:bescheduledforJune/Monday,etc.安排在六月/周一等bescheduledforrelease/publication/completion,etc.计划发布/出版/完成等bescheduledtodosomething计划做某事(12)promote:vt.helptheprogressof(something);encourageorsupport---Abalanceddietpromotesgoodhealthandnormaldevelopment.---你听说大卫被提升了吗？HaveyouheardthatDavid’sbeenpromoted?---Theaimofthemeetingistopromotetradebetweenthetwocountries.这次会议的目的是促进两国间的贸易。(13)confirm:vt.givesupportorcertaintyto(afact,belief,statement,etc.),e.g.byprovidingmoreprooforbystatingthatsomethingistrueorcorrect---I’llcallthehotelandconfirmourreservations.---Thediscoveryseemstoconfirmthatpeoplelivedhereover10,000yearsago.---Haveyoucalledtoconfirmyourflightyet?(14)assign:vt.giveasashareorduty---Afterherpromotiontookeffect,shewasassignedaresearchjob.---I’vebeenassignedthetaskoflookingafterthenewstudents.Pattern:assignsomebodytosomething分配某人到某岗位---Jan’sbeenassignedtotheAsianAffairsBureau.assignsomebodytodosomething分派某人做某事---Madisonwasassignedtoinvestigateaballoonaccident.assignsomebodysomething分配……给某人---Assigneachstudentapartner.(15)undertake:v.takeuporaccept(adutyorpieceofwork,esp.onethatisdifficultorneedseffort)---Twonewstudieshavebeenundertakentodeterminetheeffectsofthechemicals.Collocation:undertakeatask/aproject/research承担一项任务//研究---DrWhiteundertookthetaskofwritingacomprehensiveEnglishdictionary.怀特博士承担了撰写综合英语辞典的任务。Pattern:undertaketodosomething承担做某事的任务(16)pressure:1)n.theinfluenceoreffectofsomeoneorsomething;thefeelingofstressfulurgencycausedbythenecessityofdoingorachievingsomething---Inflationarypressureswillleadtohigherprices.通货膨胀压力会导致物价上涨。---Ijustcan’ttakethepressureatworkanymore.2)vt.(tryto)make(someone)dosomethingbyusingstrongorunfairinfluence;forcefulinfluence;strongpersuasion---Overthenextfewyears,Mrs.Smithwaspressuredintolendinghersonlargesumsofmoney.Pattern:pressuresomebodyintodoingsomething迫使某人做某事---Youwanttoenjoyfood,nottobepressuredintoeatingtherightthings.pressuresomebodytodosomething迫使某人做某事---Don’tfeelwearepressuringyoutogivewhatyoucan’tafford.(17)motivate:vt.provide(someone)witha(strong)reasonfordoingsomething---Everygoodteacherknowsthatcriticismdoesnotmotivatelearners.---Idon’tknowwhatmotivatespeopletocommitsuchcrimes.---Hewasmotivatedbyadesiretohelphisfellowstudent.(18)词块学习全优生/优等生：straight-Astudents;super-achievingstudents;topstudents;super-achiever;studentswhoachieveacademicexcellence学习优秀:achieve/attainacademicexcellence记忆力:memory/retentionability记下/写下:takedown;jotdown;putdown;writedown;notedown提倡:advocate;promote上交:handin;turnin6.Teacherguidesstudentsthroughsomeafter-textexercises.7.StudentsdotheTheme-RelatedLanguageLearningTasks.8.Assignment:Reviewallthetextsthatwehavelearnedthistermforthefinalexam.