GBT228-2002金属材料室温拉伸试验方法

rcs 77.040.10 I d 2 2 ffiffiil i.!{ ' # - l uR+ru t r I t r i l x+ f i GB/r 229-2002 eqv ISo 6892'1998 atrMf4 Eif,fn{+iEtffifiiE Metallic materials Tensile testing at ambient temperature 2002 03 - 10 Efr 2002-07 - 01 *ffi q = + - l ' R + f f i E I tr{?..ffi,Egf,€r&9ft&E.B,E & . f r cn/r 228-2002 EfH """ 1r tsoBfrH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N t f f iE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 EIHff i IE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 : FE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 + EX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 s ?t€ffi 'tf i.W ...... ........... 5 o j f rH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 z mfftffi&EfA(s.)H0ntlft ........... ..... T 8 trf6+,58E(r")ffi46id '.... 7 s nfi&iA&ffrtvffiE 10 i f i&g* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 11 wtrl9K4(A)fiffi#,H.{FK4ffiSlfr ..... 8 72 F tr,H.{F K # (A,, ) fil ft t r lF tv,MM+ K4 (,4" ) H0 Ul E 13 E[8,f i€{+#(,4")H0UtlE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .e 14 ttrEE9&H(R",)frTEflRtEH(R"'-)FtWE .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 i5 *Lft1Fbl,ffi lreMlE,tr(R")ffiUl€ ................. 10 16 *4,8,H,ru{+i&E(R,)B!WE .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 17 f],fre.*refFt&H(R.)B!&fii'** ...... 11 18 f i i l fudEH(R-)BtWtl€ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 le WffiLW.ffi4Q)fr+JW{ft. ..-........... 72 20 '1*6EWE4F-ry.trffJ{lbgtJ -....-..... ........... 14 27 {*BEiltIE4+flIEffiH ........-... 14 22 f i&6#4!4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 23 i{&ffi# ..... 15 pfJ* A(ffiIEF0pfJ*) FE 0. 1 mm-{3 mm #dnfn#ffi&,H80fiF44 ............... 16 pfj* B(ffrIEHtpfJ*) FH+T4tT s mm ffiflfi,H trU&.H:444FH+T4/tT 4 mm fi.fii , W+nffiHffi&ffiFEi*ffi+4 .............. 1z FfJ* c(t6IE6!pfl*) Hae*.,EP.zhT + mm4.,fr,&Mffi&ttffi-HffijfrF?€4 ........................ z0 p'614 ncffi#BlFft*) Ettffi.H#riilH#4 ........ 21 p5iA e r fzr f ip f j ) f t {+K+*L€€{ fT s%fWE}E . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - z4 BfJF( f ,Tf f * ) &f tWWEft {+K* . . . . . . . . . . . - . . - . . . . . . . . . . z4 Ffi* c(EziffiPff*) ,,\lt*ilt|ftffifr,*,ftffi#.tt+KFffiHERti,H.{FK+ ...... zs pfl* H(Ez\ffiFfJ*) E*ffiEtEUtlE*L€1FbUffiJreMt&H(R,) ........ 26 ffiifr I(€ziftpfjft) fifl73fi*UtlE*nftB',*reffife,E (R..,)+frJ ......,..... 2? itrE GB/r 228-2002 PFf rt J(E,riffiPFJ*) FfJ+ K(EarH!PFJ*) PfJ* L(RzsfrtFFJ*) RE RflF,n Y*,ffi it &,fF ifr h H0 nll € 6 ffi F. E fv{F # I H fm rE,lt frv a fls ffi re€ xf fl€ 28 3 1 34 GB/"r 228-2002 +t --r-.H U _ A+,i}E+*IXHEhffilE rso 68e2,1ee8(aEff#l affifr{Fifr&)" 4t4&^h6t5 rso osez : 1 ee8 fH lE, {E *FA&^ ^ d& h 1+ffitfl RW, ffiE #ffi6ft axf D . ?Fn,E 6EWl E#R& E w lb ?l F >R fr ifr W.ffi R Nw" rg fi jfr H 4 4 . tr|I * pf} * F ( € zi Bt PfJ *) it H ffiMffi & ffi ifr F tr ffi tn EE H it H El R; ffl*FFJ* L(ffizr frt Yrl&)+?Xffi H *. ,HtrFFFj* H(Ez\ f0 pft *>6#E)EnEU{8fl, F*IFLU,RI ro{+9AE (R,) ; }gfi FfJft L(84\ ffipFf ft)# lEf6 WbfiA&ffifntr€xf FR. A +6 IE A # lb1'f IRE, Xtr l& GB/T 228- 1 e 87 <<# tr fn {+ fi & }- E ). cB /T 3 0 z 6- 1 e 8 2 ( # tr W d[(ffi)&,f+ifrqofrA)fi GB/'t 63e7-1e86(atrfn{+ifr&}e#)" xfF&5}E4UT}-EH!&^ frafr.I1 T #it[behffi+t fr,, - 9lH4firE; -ft.\ffi?#E; r i .u H t T , r i r ^ - . .5 -].A,trqy'(; _,t*BEUII€tr*; -,|+fi'Eu{F-ry^RWtr164; -,t4FEU|I€4R}E&H tErS. H 4 t6 lE * ffi Z E E, {t # GB/T 228-7e 87 K# tr fn {F ifr & i- E ). cB/T 307 6-rs 82( A tr ffi d[(ffi )fi {+ifr &f E )fi Gs/r 63e7-1 e86(atrfi {+ jfr&ifrF ). A+,ilEPtpFJ+ A-D AF€ffiGB!ptf *" A&nlEffiFff * E-L AFEEzrHiPff +. 4+,n1ft H tr E XiAATiLEES . AtllIE H A E fi +6IE tL#.^* fr.+ E n . 4 4fi & E H + li, ffi *Uf fi ,B H . W ffi jfr A ft E A pn A rt . H il ffi #.^ A . h # r jr {H,g tn }E ffi nw. +f,nlFEH ^,W*frf+. + ffi . 6nt€. + ffi +. Hffi * . AffirET 1e63 + 1,2 EHtR-afr ,wze + s Effi l tklblr,rc82 4 z Effi z wlrTfi " cB/r 228_-2002 $o H'ilH ISo ( El ffi ti tiltimg,> EH & E ffi IE 4t El 6 (ISo fr -F E {6 ) 9s. fr ft! t[ F{t ffi ffi A A' ft'J E E tr f'r }E B! r {f iB H, f; ISo HE &^ 4 E a fr fr,, & ffi,E E,{+#xf + &^ 4 E A B ffi n ffi 4 E ffi X ffi , frH & gfrnv#.** R *" 5 rso {* ffi ffi 6 F9 & gW tilg,( -g', }' B! 4 lF E t ffr > &^lWtF. a B r & ^ +6 iE qLfrffi rso .5 E hBa*EA(IEC)RftMt)J#tFxa " H & ^ 4 F e iE il H! E ffi ffi # H * F t 6 fr F El'ff t R, E ffi tfi IE f;$ gw4+4.',].- z s % *In&H * RffifrF E,If BE IflH7J.FEfi*Effi. BhffiIE rso 68e2 H lso/rcl oq, &E)1Y{eHE}fi&e **ft+ sct S-ffifi&r}484ft{8. #ffi =ffiwft#=ffi clso 68e2 : 1e84) . Fff * A-D *FE&5}EB!pf}*" Ffj* E-L *FEEfrffitrf *. + # / \ R * f n t r t r * & i H 1 f f i E 4 fln lE *4, E T # R tt Nfr {F ifr & }' r& kt tr 4 . E X . ffi € ffi ii, EE . ifi F & H R t utl E . ifr & iA 6 . iil A fn /E iE H T A tr f/ Fl B ffi fn f+{4 FE ffi ilil E . {e xf T zJ' ffi & E R t F0 # tr F ffi , FItn #.tr f6, ffim tL fin +,fr tr + H! fn,f+ jd & ffi g fir' iI . 2 I IEff iE T ttJ+f tEFfr @,8 #J & X., iE t A 4 +6 IE + d I H fra f6 fi t +t6 # ffi AI . 4A5 IE S ftn W, Ffr 8 ffi+ W *r H W. " Fn H ffi Wffi + & lb rt, t€ H 4 46 Ift ffi & fr M.ffi it{F ffi T t'J An }E ft ff ffi + ft! r[ BE,l+ . GB/T 2e75-1ee8 ffih-ffiPF" n+'H6Eifr&nffi&HfiifrHftl6(eqv ISo 377,1ee7) GB/T 8170-1e82 Wtrlby!*LNJ cB/T 72760-2002 -+ffi ifr &,H I l,fFif HIDIE Ciat ISO esi 3 : 1 see ) GB/T 16825-ieeZ tn fitfr,Wtftf!f&&(idt rSO 7500-1 :1e86) GB/T 17600. 1-1ee8 ffik1l4K*&H ffi tts?",ff iHflf i{ft##ffi(eqv ISO zs66-1:1e84) Ge/r 12600. 2-ree8 ff iffJlry'KF&H ffi z#h,4R,f+fl(eqv rSo zs66-z:1e84) 3 FIg if & ,H &' ti,fF if F, - ftfi a f *, il f.f 4 F E x f - fq. nrMr + +kfa " h iF E a *nF., ifr &- flt & € iH r o c - 35 c ffi ffl FJ it ti " xf iHE F * tr ffi H! ifi e, ifr & ffi E & t 23'C + 5 'C . 4 E v ++,nIEX,HTttjEX. 4.1 f6EE sause length n|I E{+ KH kt jfr ffi E &4&fr#r} H! KE " 4.1.1 tr i f f f i iEE(1,.) or iginal gauge length mrEfiH0ifrH&$EE" 4.1.2 ff i tr f6tr(L") f inal gauge length ifrFBf #trH!ENEE. 4.2 +11KtrQ'") paral lel length idffi m**FEIffi * f+*Fr) (;Fffi * ifr F ) Z H +4i*FA Ft KE . 4.3 l#K elongat ion *#z\R^nfnEEfiEEHS&S&E,S.E 2002- 03- 10 #E GB/r 228-2002 AEffifJ+ Btfiffi{+iEtffif,}E eqv rso 68s2,1ee8 Metallic materials-Tensile testing at ambient temperature {te SB/T ?'rir:i|[, GB/T 6397-1986 2002- 07- 01 *tE cB/'r 228-2002 4.4 'fFK# percentage elongation trifi' tiEE f9'fF K 5 tr ifi' fxfF.r.J) ZVY'ffitr h 4 " 4.4.1 Wtrl+K$G) percentage elongation after fracture trtr+frrFkt *,*l+Ke"-L)ElF.ffiffiW.Q)ZbY#Jtr/l#(-til,El 1) " xf Ttt&tjifrF ,#lF-ffi+fitrtr 6h s.65 ^/s""(s" !+{TKEH!trtftffiffiEfq) ,reg AMpfJD-tTHtti'HEEtr{FHffrbLffilAW'M\!n' A,,.,#frJH fAtfEEl./-">*r n. s ^ /s"ffiffitr{+K+. xf+lFtt&Uifrffi ,re+ ADPfJt}TmeiHryEtF&H H! tr i6&nH, DJ € X (mm ) #.ts' MJII' A'o *'tfr JH lff &iF (r" ) X 80 mm H! ffi tr'f+ K +' 4. 4.2 ffi4{,H.'f+K4(a,) percentage total fracture W Rglt r\lR,iA fd E B!,H. {+ K ( tF'l+ Q,">zvu,#JEils uL EI I > " 4. 4. 3 e)r.J..JlfK# Percenta RJt-t Ff tri6{6EEHt'f+K ,H.,f+K+(A,,)fi&trlF bV6tJlFK4(A-) (4,K 1). 4. 5 9l,fFit46EE(1 ffi91'fFitifl{trid L.>-L./z. illl€E flR 3&H,I46EHf fEF )EII))++ L," 4.6 tr l+ extension ifr&H14,fI-aEFJ 4.6.1 FXA^re{:+# Percen iff#ffin f i+" 4.6.2 lf.b\$JrelqF Percentase jd& + {1 - h ft.Et r\41,f+ ii ffi EE ffi Q)zb\wtrh4" 4. 6. 3 ,H,G'fFB percentage total extension ifr&+{f - Htatltf+ittmEEH!,H.rA,f+ (r$,lsiE,f+fi4't+€'fF)5Bl'fFifDnw-Q)ZbY'tu1H+14" 4'6. 4 ffi ER,F.fE'f+ 4G) percentage vield point extension g , qE e E f F ( 6 i€ 4 8 ff> ft ^ f #.t f/ Ft, E BR + if E f a JrE r4F.It * f zli5 l {F it fm sE kl tE ,fF-551,f+if 4.7 #fiffiLlkffiFQ) percentage reduction o{ area ,t4,fFK)5tr 5ngation alggliq force ffi lr,nwJdzrt fi! tr rr +)htrr) e t ional extension zYY,ffiHh4;, ftKE.*F4,d.H!KE. &iEi1ZtrffJ'ft 1 ) 5 . 6 5 , / X : s GB/r 228-2002 ffi 49 tr id# ffi & H frR H! ft /t ffi )il €t (s. - s, ) 5 F iff, ffi & E trR (s. ) Z. VU,ffJ H h 4 " 4.8 F t t ( f - ) max imum force fi F A tr XE W W.Z tr Ffi BE ffi fiil ffi R )t Jr .xt + fiEE -tr tr XR ( i€ 4 tr nR ) 6! # tr ft ft, t lfr & S fq H! & )th " 4. 9 t-tLh stress ifr &H f4,ff -Ht Zl ffJ rt ffi tJ ifr #trth ffi & Ffl (s. ) Zffi . 4.9.1 ti l&tqH(R-) tensile strength fEDf ,t, (F^) H0M-, . 4.9.2 E[EtqH yield strength 5 A tr ff #lE fln m flF.il^B'f , & jfr &H fi T.tE fin ffiD r,fi , D tr rlt tr FE gE EfiTEXR9EE. 4.9 .2 .1 t t rXFgqH(R.H) u JfrffiH4,EflRM71E.NT 4.9.2.2 TEf lE$&H(R.,) EEIEHI{,61+nffi c ) d ) K Z A IE#4 ffi 4 ftt-LE IF'AEfi Ttr [F'&H (R.Hf,II R"L) 4. 9. 3 *4,EXF yf,MlreffilEtr e) proof strength,non-proportional extension lFvY'ffiJreffi++T*IEHtSl'fFifffiFEtrA+Bf Bitfr.Jr(nW 3)" ,fFHB!ffi€EPff D-lTffiilii,EEtr f],fr. trJH h 4, ffiJin Roo,, * fr *I ft.18 bU, FrJre IF 4 h o. z % Et tuI fr^ h " ) r (nW z) . % cB/r 228-2002 El s *LEIFtb@JG{+9&H(R,) 4. g. 4 *LE,H'E{rF9&H (R,) proof strength,total extension ,H. rC {+ + + T fl, E B! 6 | {+ itti ffi H r}+ Bf H0 D Jr < nW o " IF.HB! tr € D FfJ pl T ffi & iB EA Fn ffiE B! trr|+, fiJ lg R,o. u, *fr *IE,H. Wlf 4h 0. 5 % N #J M. JJ " EI + *TE,H.IE{+3BH(R.) 4. 9. 5 fl]'ftffif.re{FdAHCn'> permanent set strensth ffi W M. h tr *,^re l+ 4+ T #[ E Ft I | {F if Dn EE (r" ) E r} + F I xf fr B! E7: ( -tL Kl 5 ) " FfJ 2l T H & inq tfr fl,E fr+J tr h 4 " FI tE R, 0.,, f-7s *flflffitr.re l+ 4 h o. z % Et #t fiL h " trHffiffi€M El s inft.*,^ref+tEH(R.) GB/r 229-2002 5 ff€+nilH,HE # r re+ffiihBA r e E + { n fr, nA F a mm ffi9ffiffimi{#JFE4€&JFH a u mm ffi B ffi & mifr #W 4 E ffi ffi41 R zJ'F E b mm ffi tf ffi ffi mifr #+'fr Ktr htr fr,tr &,8 #r ^H FJ *ff tr 4 R r! fr,E DN mm ffi#&ffiffiifr#w#.trffiffiaFittrH d mm E ft' ffi & ffi fi H Y 4t K H B! H.14&W r2 Ha& d. mm EiD&& D mm E^'.e L" mm Fffi,'NEE f l mm il|IE a* f$trih&TEE(4,fff rt c> L" mm +ftKH L, mm 9l{+i+&n$E L, mm ifrF,H.KE mm t&trfi+44 L" mm ffiEt,NEE L| mm u|lE A" 89tr,tr&nEEU[,Ff]* c> m t< EE p g/cmt fftr q mm' F46&&mfi q mmz trEF4.ffi&FfX tt EEI+(art-E 4 MAN.W.+) h btBt&w Z % t rEe#S,\&"too {F K AL^ mm Fl(i(r-),H.tE{s mm ffitr{'+KQ"-L,) % Wtrl+K#,ff*roo A' % ffi#,H,{FK+ A. % trfiftF.r4{FS Ae % &*.h o^)lFrxFrJIFK4 A*, % <, (r'.),H.1+K4 GB/r 228-2002 fl,f iF Lu,FJrc[fiF *L€,H.rs,fF# ffi,E*,*ftt+4 tr[Feetr-*[,Ee&H-iil TtrflR'&tr IS(RTF ai l l lG ' . r . , -mrvr . : o r l * * [ e . r + n e M,6M,++ffi'ffin-h#. & r \ ) E ) 6 fififfi 6 .1 M\X5 6 .1 .1 - f f i ifr,trffiM ^fr)t"hnrftiJFx trJu^. ilLhn tL&ffiw.+nBffi6 frf{ffiEiFffiA#.) idFffi&E jfrHtrifi,{6 t{FH tulbt,FrJa&k ffitr i s.0s. trifi{mEE AWk t s.0s ffJ€.;f.frAre A:t-tr4.+, EEg>F rrfiJifrffi" lFMfildffiHtr ihffiEE(2.)5Htrtftffi& ifrHH0R. ,l ^ #,rfr,r++ 6.1.2 dlrHrHlifrffi iE ifr ffi H! *f+ffi 5 +{] Ktr B! R t' n zf4DlJswl/[ i€f*(-![,El ro.El 11 fiEl 13). ft 9/[Atit&+44H0RtEEV&E.9-,fifEDfr!FfJrt (n 6.2> trxf trW+:t4.*tF}'Lft.Bf 'eil 'DAfHJeP ffif6IE +*I,€ " iilffi * ++ffi W M ffi ffi.)frA ifr & d[ Fl * * . ifr H ffi*, M. 5 )1 ffr tF H *,86 " ifrffi+?TKH (r")4iilffi68€.ilWilfiBf ** 14 B! H H KHMtf trffi&rEE (2") . 6.1.3 ^?AtILhnT-Hliilffi ff ifr ffi N * %$L JrH T-WF ffi 4id ffi H! * e KE ( nE n fs Kl 1 4 ), ffi * * f{ Fl K H D,e W, U M-!.F. *.ffitnEA l) Epif&Tm*LEt"6zjrf 20 mm"" *.ffi,h"T{'T 15 mm"DlEilffi9j'HHtllfiIF! 3 mm H"'e*Rljfr#. GB/r 228-2002 i6 f,n EE frt Fr id 5 * * A A B H! H H t -tL FfJ rt A - D ( f,i )E B! pff * ) I " 6 E ifr ffi D A E * ++ ffi ffi + 4- K p.Z fBJ tx ff & $j[ jg & . rtr tn B0 ff W + {e 6! R -t EI FE tF E 4, :€:iytr. fE Je F ffi fm rE + *L E . ifr ffi * ++ ffi ffJ M,tr tfriLA T ifr & tIL H! * * " + ll K H (r" ) D t T F ffi tr H (r. ) . 6.2 idffiB!44 Fff+ A-D(ffiIEH!pffft) tr&trffi WM:|ftI'/"ET ifrFH!+4X4.,n*. z" fHieFffiffil$e,q*LE 4{&ifrffi+4" 6.3 ifrffir0ftJ6 D&fl€fHx 7 FffiffiffiEi ifrFtrffi,ffi >F. U{EBfeil. ,)'FsW 4InH-f.&xRt s frH w+" mm B Hffi&rEE(2.)Ht&rid, Mffizj'trid ,ffiIlJ*,*,ffi B!ftn tEffij,t" xf T ttf[ jfrH , D:l+Hl6ffirP ift ffi EE H! ffi iED r&rfi 9J *r % " ry,+H&EE&t- i - {6q. IR 9n Y Tt K tr Q ") bV' lRM ffi W-Ki+ *' MJ tnZ^. ^ilLfi r H0 lfr H, trI t){ 46 id - 4t \ tr &. #J IRtfr tn EE " H F{, EI DJ A ifr ++ t H tt| * * + ?l T ifr # ^ffi tuI *,, + E tu*, _Lffi ie IF.ffi fi H . 9 ffimiq€HiEffiE ifr&iltD&fl€ cB/T 16825 )t41t&#.,+rfr.iJ 1ry,fi,frt+ r w.tFffiE . 5l{+if Pt}EEfrEefr\rfrreaGB/r 12160 H!4>&" ifltrErtrnRtqH.TEiF9gE.tr[F,f;E,fF+.*4, ft.libU,ffiref+9e8.*r,E,H.16{F$EH.fl,E&AiE{FrqH,U,&.*rE&,+iE,fFtEHffi&ff}{&,D&ffi6 *H'X,HA zl Etrr&rrE**LErlLtFtF*. tHinft4rFt-l,f+ffi*ffitrffi '&#FflH!l[!lE]ftrfitrtrA*4EHtg*. #. z ifrffiB!tF+4 iFDF!Ff}* 0. 1 mm(FH{3 mm JFH): mm H- lil{ E ffi }-}* fi }Effi tr D ffi A FfJ * A -D (tr}g H! Fff + ) }4, E*8. treffi U{.- rtfiEiff,ffi ffi E its rH rHtrFflLE rMlr{61-€ tr + M?\E&.&tE s cB/r 228-2002 hX t WtEffiEWtl,fFii;WtrEE{&Ed#il.rem+H!'l4FE'frJlntilflu9&H.ftJtn,H'G{+*til&.frrt 18. binlrel$+ . ffi €g,K {+ K4, D) &.Wtr,f+ K +, M.ffi.H^',A + 2 &Wffi E ffi 5 l',f+ it " 10 fifi&F* 10.1 i fr&84 h l F P ffi {,i w n d f}"8, ifr & E # E R T f' f+ ++'lt * Ifr re + T tlj 4 * 10. 1. 1 ilIEEflR'EHf[*T€9EEffiJd&E+ 10. 1. 1. 1 t .EERiEiH(R"H) A'S,I* IE E f[ H E t. E [E9B H, d & dI * * H!'} H B +D tr EI €E R T+{E E + A *, 4 *fl'F-H! M' B #BTff iHFJ. *. + Ifrir6#- frf+IF{+HE E/(N/mm'?) D-r t r+/ (N/mmz) 's - ' & zJ. E / \ <150 000 20 >150 000 o 6 0 10 .1 .1 .2 TEEEtqF(R"L ) #{nruETEER3&H,A16H+{TKHHtEERSfFJM{if$frtr 0. 000 25ls- 0.002 5/s zfnl. + ft K E Fr HT D A E + & E E"J FE{* fS'tr 8 " fi 6 68 H & ifi t i* - D A B +' D iE S iE is E iF Ep {€ lF iff Hfr H! D n E+X lHM, &Eflftfr ffi,zffiFFiE 1f d&trt B! EtrtJ . {f {4 {F n, T, tS'14 ffi E ^ B! E i E #7|i {+ ffi d # 4 *4, E H0 F t E * " 10. 1. 1. 3 ttr[ftdEEf[TE[RggIf (4"'fi R.r-) iu lE -if & + U{ E t E [83& H fn T E fRdE H, iU E T E [E re,E f R l+ fiLf h 1 0' 1' 1' 2 H! 4 * . 1 0. 1 . 1 . 4 *nF*lF LY,b\re1+E&H.(R, ) . *LE,H.G {S 9e H (R, ) fl #[,€fi aG',fF lE H (R' ) MNE+Da.#. + *I ,EHITEEtr. a4,Ef6 ffi fiHE*r,EreH (*4,EtF ftfiJrE,f+$&H. *rE,H.C',fF$&H fr*r€ftac'f+$eE)fr4i8 :FTfrffi i l 0.002 5/s. 1 0 . 1 . 1 . 5 * * A H S + in ifr & dt fi €E 7: Ur| € 4 +A fi'l D 4 B +, H 5 E fl E ft fi ' D * H + *l T * a f}'F-ffJ M rt E + Ht id & fX *XAHE+. 10. 1. 2 Ul|EfifrgEE(R-)Htifr&E# 10.1.2.1 E ' f+ f f i8 YT-r KE ffiDAE+nDffi S 0. 008/s " 10.1.2.2 iF'l4lEffi fiifrqft6€,ffi8 flEt&Eq*r,Etgtr Biu{E ,ifr&tnFiiE+trJ uitgJH{+ffi E FJ ^j.+H!fttB#. 10.2 *ffitrx rfi. ffi. ffi $Jtn eM * *. f,R 4 * * . € t6 * * s A i6 Ht * F * ++ ifr H . M E ft ;t * rt ffi R*#B! ifr H q ffi fi fr fi w tF ffi . g ifr &ffi '14 ft Ft 4 ull E *r, E lF vv' mre ffi re E' fi' E,H. rE,fF dE E . *flF.*,^rg {+ 9B H 4 E iR t& H Hf )rh @E " 11 ffiE{+fi* (A)+r ffi*,8'f*K* (A,) HtilllE 11.1 M&flR 4.4.1 BlEXU|lEff i t r{FK+. n T u{ E ffi tr l+ K4, M {+ ifr f+ ffi 4.tu1 ffi tl 4(4 !U m f* a - E& 4ffi *. b+ H - H*, t'' + X 4t t+ R Gs/r 229-2002 friJffiffiffilrsid#ffi4$Frli€g&fi4,trUtl€ifiHffitr4,rH"itxfzj'&&Eifrffifi{ft{+KSifrffiittEg. N.lfr.H4'}+*hffi,X 0. 1 mm flEFfrn|JE*EruEffitrArEE(r"),lSffiFjto. 25 mm. i[*LEB!& zJ' ffi tr fF K *zJ. T 5 %, @iy*' ffi retl"rt *ff {1 Ul E tril, Fff * E ( Fzs H! FfJ * ) I " tr n[ t .R, A Bf # A 5 e +* iE m An rp +6 id fi! E H 6 zJ' T F tft +]f W *1 = tl Z -'ffi mfr h A N. " IEW tr {+ K + ;,t T *, + + *L fr . ffi ", 6 tr W *{n H A T.1-'l 4l Wtl E 4 i €. }t . 11.2 FEH 9l'fFiiull€ffi*rE{+ H!ifr&tft,9l{Fil+, m <2.)D+Tjilffi tfl.ffiffiw.o.) , fiffiffi H ifrffitr ffi'tfiBEH0anid. PJffi€gBf 6!,H.rE,fFfFtfFKi[{EW,hT4+BJtrtr,f+K*,Dr'.,H.lE{++fihrF1tl6{+ w ? ^ . tr I{ -h, W-,.9 fr. +. EB I i+ ii +fi EE u fr fr h H *!., IHW tr l+ K+ + f EI Jt T *r, fr E, 6 € ffi €{ {i E iI T{FJ4!iluEfrjt.yHM." it' fi F ffi tr G *4 € H - H € t,n rE U|l E ffi tr I+ K4, 4 | I+it ffi EE & S T,t - 4,n ffi . 1 1 . 3 ifr &Bf iE t$ Vf iy' EI uE^- tr fr 46ffi t Ut| E ffi tr l+ Ks., f tr &ffi &H a\rt 4& H, #WH&H ffi bu,ffiJ+s+trtutrwniqr*il,*,fr1J#.trflf+,rt iE &W )J -re I+ q, h - 4n& ffi4 El' 4AUtr n H &, E nfi sSS E + H! ft t h " ei(. hh tJ id# tr iff ffi ffi H {R (s.) 1+F[tilfrtqtr . XHiNEA 5 I E h &T IE * *Lfr th& fr E " n T &,qR E -J[ a. g. 1 ff ,l? E {+UlJ E, +f Ji tht" * f],fr. " l 1 {FteH,EIr)rxHpFf * r( ffi^ #ie&6*Hrtri'E. ,tI-R+'fr T*I,E,H.G M.'LW H AwifiafrW T*I,E,H.C iE,r+ f fJ)J, (Ro) ( cB/r 228-2002 ET pJ &H H A#E@JtBM.ftWilL+ ) 4 H drWIffi nU|I EfiilfntE E.,EI tilT*tr'J fn'f+ ffi 4 K . Kl s &fJ1@*) 19 ffiE&ffi4(z)HtflUE 19. 1