fast reading训练英语快速阅读的技巧

FastReadingSkimmingandScanning(P77andP112,BookII).110wpm,slowreader.240wpm,oralreader.400wpm,auditory听觉的reader.1000wpm,visualreader..Fastreadinginvolvesthreemajorareas:1.comprehension,2.recognitionofnewwordsand3.flexibility灵活性inreadingspeed.Thebestwaytoimproveyourfastreadingabilityis,ofcourse,toread.Trainingthevisualsysteminconjunctionwithanalysis,criticismandsynthesis综合分析isthekeytoreadingimprovement.Efficientreadingrequirestheuseofvariousproblem-solvingskills,suchasskimming略读readingandscanning快读reading,detailedreadingandguessingunknownwordsandsoon..Skimming.SkimmingunderstandingthemainideaofthematerialpartialreadingusedforlightreadingorreviewingfastestspeedComparatively相对的，比较的lowerlevelofcomprehensionselectivelyomittingpartsofthematerialrememberingasmanydetailsaspossible.Howtoskim?Readthefirstoneortwoparagraphs(usu.Entirely完全地)soastogetanoverallpictureofthematerial;(introduction)Readthekeysentences(usu.thefirstandthelast)oftheparagraphsinthemiddle;whiledoingthis,trytoremembersomeimportantwordsrelatedtothetopic;Readtheconcludingparagraphs(usu.entirely)soastofindtheconclusion/summary.(Introductionoftopic/subjectmatter/writingpurpose,etc.–Illustration/supportingdetails–conclusionthatechoestheintroduction).Usetheskillofrecognizingtypesofparagraphsinordertosavetimewhensummarizingthemainideaefficiently.Ifthemainideaisnotsummarizedinanyonesentence,trytodetectitfromseveralsentences.Takeadvantageoftypographical印刷上，排字上details,suchbolded-facedwords,italicizedwords,titlesandsubtitles,footnotes,etc.Payattentiontowordsandphraseswhichindicatelogicalrelationship逻辑关系inthecontext.(e.g.Adversativeconjunctions转折连词andcoordinatingconjunctions并列连词).SkimmingExercises.Theconceptofanationalparkdiffersfromnationtonation.InAustralia,theUnitedStatesandJapanthelandinnationalparksisgovernment-ownedandthemanagementoftheseparksisdecidedbygovernmentpolicy.Activitiessuchashousingorindustrywithintheparksarediscouraged.InBritain,nationalparksarequitedifferent.ParkssuchastheLakeDistrict,DartMoorandExmoreincludetownsandvillageswherelargenumbersofpeoplelive.Muchofthelandinthesenationalparksisprivatelyowned,buttherearestrictcontrolsonitsuse,andontheappearanceofthelandscapeandbuildings,someofwhich(includingwholevillages)areheritageitems.ThisstyleofnationalparkiswellsuitedtothescenicareasofBritainwherehumaninfluencessuchashouses,farmsandfieldsarepartofthebeauty,andcombinewithnaturalscenerytoproduceanoverallattractiveness.InAfricaandSouthernAsia,largenationalparkshavebeensetuptopreserveanimalsinparticular.Thelandwithinthesenationalparksisownedbythegovernment,buttherearemanyprivatedevelopments,suchashotelsandshops,forthevisitorswhocometoseetheanimals..Thispassagemainlydiscusses________.a.Thepurposeofnationalparksb.Nationalparksindifferentnationsc.Thelocationsofnationalparksd.Theconceptofnationalparks.Para.1:theconceptofanationalparkdiffersfromnationtonation.Para.1:Australia,theUnitedStatesandJapanPara.2:BritainPara.3:AfricaandSouthernAsia.Theaveragehumanspends1/3ofhisorherlifetimesleeping.Imaginehowmuchpeoplecouldaccomplishiftheyspentlesstimesleeping.Formanyhighschoolstudents,gettingenoughrestisnotapriority.ANationalSleepFoundationsurveyconfirmsthatteensarestayinguptoolateatnight,usuallygetting7hoursofsleepinsteadoftherecommended9hours.Althoughteenagers’internalclocksarepartiallytoblamefornotsleepingearlier,manystudentslosesleepbecauseofschool.Schoolsshouldallowstudentsampletimeforsleep,takingjobs,sports,andotherextracurricularactivitiesintoconsideration.Studentswhoareextremelybusyandlosesleepasaresultshouldnothavetodroptheiractivitiesinordertogetmorerest.Withcollegesbecomingincreasinglycompetitive,itisunreasonableforstudentstobeforcedtochoosebetweensleepingandexcelling..Thewriterisconcernedabout________.a.sleeptimeoftheaveragehumanb.thepriorityofsleepc.teenagers’internalclocksd.teensandtheirsleep.Para.1:highschoolstudents,teens,teenagers,sleeping,sleepPara.2:Schoolsshouldallowstudentsmuchtimeforsleep.Para.3:Studentsshouldhaveenoughsleepandexcelatthesametime..ThetemperatureoftheSunisover5,000degreesFahrenheitatthesurface,butitrisestoperhapsmorethan16milliondegreesatthecenter.TheSunissomuchhotterthantheEarththatmattercanexistonlyasagas,exceptatthecore.InthecoreoftheSun,thepressuresaresogreatagainstthegasesthat,despitethehightemperature,theremaybeasolidcore.However,noonereallyknows,sincethecenteroftheSuncanneverbedirectlyobserved.SolarastronomersdoknowthattheSunisdividedintofivelayersorzones.StartingattheoutsideandgoingdownintotheSun,thezonesarethecorona,chromosphere,photosphere,convectionzone,andfinallythecore.ThefirstthreezonesareregardedastheSun’satmosphere.ButsincetheSunhasnosolidsurface,itishardtotellwheretheatmosphereendsandthemainbodyoftheSunbegins..Thesecondparagraphmainlydealswith________.a.thedivisionbetweenatmosphereandtheSun’smainbodyb.thestudyoftheatmospherec.thestudyofthesund.thestructureoftheSun.Para.1:ThetemperatureoftheSunPara.2:theSunisdividedintofivelayersorzones.Stutteringiscausedbypoorconnectionsbetweentwoareasinthelefthemisphereofthebrain,Germanresearcherssaidrecently.Althoughscientistsknewthatstuttering–theinvoluntaryrepetitionofconsonants,soundsorwords–hadageneticlink,howandwhyitoccurshasremainedamystery.Germanscientists,usingmagneticresonance（共振）imaging(MRI)tolookintothebrainsofpeoplewhostutter,haveuncoverednewclues.“Fibersbetweenthespeechareaandlanguageplanningareaofthebrainseemtobedisrupted”,saidDr.ChristianBusheloftheUniversityofHamburg.Thedisturbedtiminginthespeech-relatedareasinthebraincausesthedifficultythatusuallybeginsbetweentheagesofthreeandfiveandaffectsupto7percentofchildrenandonepercentofadult..Thislastparagraphmainlydiscusses________.a.whatstutteringisb.causesofstutteringc.solutiontostutteringd.peopleliabletostuttering.Para.1:IntroducingthatGermanresearchers’recentfindingsaboutthecauseofstuttering.Para.2:researchquestionsParas.3–4:detailsoftheirfindings.Scanning.ScanningUsedforlookingforspecificinformationPurposefulnessAccuracy.Howtoscan?keepinmindexactlywhatitisyouaresearchingfor;letyoureyesrunrapidlyoverseverallinesofprintatatime;payattentiontothewordingoftheinformationthatmaybedifferentfromthewordingofwhatyouwant;(wordclassandwordassociation)Ifthematerialisfamiliarorrelativelybrief,youmaybeabletoscantheentirebodyofthetextinasinglesearch;Ifthematerialislengthyordifficult,apreliminary准备，开始skimmingtofindthepartofthetextinwhichtoscanforparticularinformationwillbemorehelpful..ScanningExercises.ScanningExercise1:EyeMovementsReadacrosstheline,fromlefttoright,asfastasyoucanandcirclethewordsthatarethesameastheunderlinedword.fatfarfatfatherfuturespeakspellspokespeaksspeakherehearheardherehimtelephonetalktelephonetypetalkfiftyfifteenfiftyfivefourChinaChinesechairChinacamepeoplepersonpeopleprivatepullterribletelltypetypicalpencilhandsomehandhandlehandsomehurtstreetstrongstopstarestreet.ScanningExercise2:ScanningforinformationHereisaTableofContentsfromabeginner’sbookinEnglishasaSecondLanguage.Lookatitandanswerthequestions.Whatunittellsyouaboutmeat,fruitandvegetables?Whatunittellsyouabouthats,coatsanddresses?Whatunittellsyouabouttelevisions,calculatorsandcars?Whatunittellsyouaboutbrothers,sistersandcousins?WhatunittellsyouaboutJanuary,FebruaryandMarch?TableofContentsUnit1SayHello!----------------------------------------------3Unit2TheClothesYouWear----------------------------12Unit3TheJobsYouDo-----------------------------------24Unit4TheFoodsYouEat--------------------------------38Unit5ThePeopleinYourFamily-----------------------44Unit6TheRoomsinYourHouse-----------------------60Unit7TheDaysoftheWeek-----------------------------68Unit8TheWeather-----------------------------------------74Unit9ThePlacesYouGo---------------------------------83Unit10TheMachinesYouUse----------------------------92Unit11TheSortsYouPlay--------------------------------104Unit12ThePartsofBody----------------------------------114.ScanningExercise3:ScanningforinformationLookoverthebusschedulequickly,andthenanswerthequestions.1.ThefirstbusfromYorktown:Departingtimeis________.a.11:00a.m.b.4:00p.m.c.6:00a.m.2.ThebustripfromYorktowntoBoxfordis________.a.twohoursb.onehourc.threehours3.ThefirstbusfromBoxfordtoYorktownisat________.a.1:20p.m.b.8:30a.m.c.6:00a.m.4.Thereare________morningbustripstoBoxford.a.oneb.twoc.three5.Thepriceofaone-wayticketfromBoxfordtoYorktownis________.a.$5.00b.$10.00c.$15.00BusScheduleHudsonBusCompanyYORKTOWN–BOXFORDTIMEOFTIMEOFDEPARTINGDEPARTUREARRIVINGARRIVALYOURTOWN6:00a.m.BOXFORD8:00a.m.BOXFORD8:30a.m.YORKTOWN10:30a.m.YORKTOWN11:00a.m.BOXFORD1:00p.m.BOXFORD1:30p.m.YORKTOWN3:30p.m.YORKTOWN4:00p.m.BOXFORD6:00p.m..Skimmingvs.ScanningFindingawordinthedictionary;Locatingacertainstreetortownonamap;Findingacertaintrain'sdeparturetimeinatraintimetable;Lookingfornewsofaspecificathlete,meeting,ortrafficaccidentinthenewspaper;Findingthesubject,author,ortitleyouwantinthelibrary'scardcatalogorontheshelf;Locatinginformationinabookindexortableofcontents.Rereadingmaterialyouhavealreadystudied.Lookingoverandsortoutyourmail.Flippingthroughanewbookormagazine.Keepinginformedinageneralwayaboutthenews..Skimming:generalScanning:specific.SpeedReading.VisualSpanThevisualspan视觉广度orattentionwindowistheareathatthebrainhasselectedtoanalyzewithfulldetailduringafixation.注视Theeyeshavethecapacitytoperceive看见withsufficientdetailtextinanareaofroughly30characterswideby10lineshigh.Howeverasreadingisnotonlyseeing,thislargespancannotbeexploited开发.Fortheaveragereadervisualspancorrespondstooneword;whileforthegoodreaderitisaboutfivewordsatatime..Mostpeoplereadonewordatatime,sayingthewordtothemselves.Thisisaslowwayofdoingthetask,especiallywhenyourmindiscapableofprocessinginformationatamuchhigherrate.LookatgroupsofwordsOneoftheprimarytricksinspeed-readingistolookatphrasesandgroupsofwordsinsteadofindividualwords.Insteadofreadingword-by-word,youreadinchunks大量的ofinformation.Youdon'thavetosaythewordtounderstandwhatitmeans.Groupingwords.Thedogisgoingtothestoretoeatbacon.Thedogisgoingtothestoretoeatbacon.Bybreakingthissentencedowninthoselocations,youcanreaditmuchfastersinceyouonlyhavetostopandprocessfivetimes(withchunking)asopposedtotentimes(word-by-word)..PracticewithnewspaperTryreadingseveralwords,aphrase,orevenasentenceatatime.Agoodwaytopracticethisistoreadnewspaperarticlesbyscanningdownthecolumn专栏，列,digestingallthewordsacross,insteadofreadingeachwordatatime.Anewspapercolumnusuallyhas4or5wordsperline,andyoushouldbeabletoprocessallofthematonce.Thismethodisoneofthebestforgettingusedtoreadingphasesinsteadofwords.Justpracticingreadingthiswayshouldnoticeablyincreaseyourspeed..BritishGasisatyourserviceallwinter.Theweatherforecastsaysthatcoldweatheriscoming.Afalloffivedegreescentigradecancausea20%increaseintheuseofgas,sotheengineersatBritishGassentouttheweatherinformationtotheircompressorstation.Thelocalworkersturnonthejetengines,whichincreasetheflowofgasthroughthepipelines.So,withplanningandtheskillsofitsengineeringforce,BritishGasmeetsthechangingdemandsthattheBritishclimatemakes.Partsofthecountrymaybecutoffbysnow,butthegasneverfails..BritishGasis//atyourservice//allwinter.Theweatherforecastsays//thatcoldweatheriscoming.//Afalloffivedegreescentigrade//cancausea20%increase//intheuseofgas,//sotheengineersatBritishGas//sentouttheweatherinformation//totheircompressorstation.//Thelocalworkers//turnonthejetengines,whichincreasetheflowofgas//throughthepipelines.So,withplanningandtheskills//ofitsengineeringforce,//BritishGasmeets//thechangingdemands//thattheBritishclimatemakes.//Partsofthecountry//maybecutoffbysnow,//butthegasneverfails..Islamabad,PakistanJune22nd–Twomountainclimberssurprisinglysurvivedafallofover500feetonthe2553-footmountaininPakistanSaturday.Thetwoclimberswereclimbinganice-coveredwallofthemountainwhentheysuddenlylosttheirfootingandfellabout560feettoanarrowsnow-coveredledgebelow.“Wewereluckythatledgewasthere,”saidtheclimbers,“otherwise,wewouldhavefallenover2000feet.”Iftheledgehadnotbeenthere,thetwoclimbersalmostcertainlywouldhavemettheirdeath..Islamabad,PakistanJune22nd–//Twomountainclimbers//surprisinglysurvived//afallofover500feet//onthe2553-footmountain//inPakistanSaturday.Thetwoclimberswereclimbing//anice-coveredwallofthemountainwhentheysuddenlylosttheirfooting//andfellabout560feet//toanarrowsnow-coveredledgebelow.“Wewereluckythatledgewasthere,”saidtheclimbers,//“otherwise,wewouldhavefallenover2000feet.”//Iftheledgehadnotbeenthere,//thetwoclimbersalmostcertainly//wouldhavemettheirdeath..ToSumup:Skimmingandscanningarepartial不完全的readingonly,thustheyresultinpartialunderstanding.Choosingspeedflexiblyisonlyoneofthefactorsforbecominganefficientreader.Otherfactorsincludegoodcomprehension,theabilitytoreadchunksofwordsandtheintegrated综合的useofvariousreadingskills.Thesimplefactisthatthenumberonethingthatyouhavetodoeverydayistoread..