大学英语四级2019年真题-2019级四级真题

2019年12月四级真（第一套）PartIWritingDirections:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoaforeignfriendwhowantstoteachEnglishinChina.Pleaserecommendacitytohim.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.A)Manyfacilitiesweredestroyedbyawanderingcow.B)Awanderingcowknockeddownoneofitsfences.C)Sometouristswereinjuredbyawanderingcow.D)Awanderingcowwascapturedbythepolice.2.A)Itwasshottodeathbyapoliceofficer.B)Itfounditswaybacktothepark’szoo.C)Itbecameagreatattractionfortourists.D)Itwassenttotheanimalcontroldepartment.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.A)Itisthelargestofitskind.B)Itisgoingtobeexpanded.C)Itisdisplayingmorefossilspecimens.D)Itisstartinganonlineexhibition.4.A)AcollectionofbirdfossilsfromAustralia.B)Photographsofcertainrarefossilexhibits.C)SomeancientwallpaintingsfromAustralia.D)Picturesbywinnersofawildlifephotocontest.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A)Pickuptrash.B)Amusevisitors.C)Delivermessages.D)Playwithchildren.6.A)Theyareespeciallyintelligent.B)Theyarechildren’sfavorite.CTheyarequiteeasytotame.D)Theyarecleanandpretty.7.A)Childrenmaybeharmedbytherooks.B)Childrenmaybetemptedtodroplitter.C)Childrenmaycontractbirddiseases.D)Childrenmayoverfeedtherooks.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)ItwillbeproducedatHarvardUniversity.B)Itwillbehostedbyfamousprofessors.C)Itwillcoverdifferentareasofscience.D)Itwillfocusonrecentscientificdiscoveries.9.A)Itwillbemorefuturistic.B)Itwillbemoresystematic.C)Itwillbemoreentertaining.D)Itwillbeeasiertounderstand.10.A)Peopleinterestedinscience.B)Youngsterseagertoexplore.C)Childrenintheirearlyteens.D)Studentsmajoringinscience.11.A)Offerprofessionaladvice.B)Providefinancialsupport.C)HelppromoteitontheInternet.D)Makeepisodesforitsfirstseason.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Unsure.B)Helpless.C)Concerned.D)Dissatisfied.13.A)Heistooconcernedwithbeingperfect.B)Helosesheartwhenfacedwithsetbacks.C)Heistooambitiousinachievinggoals.D)Hetakesonprojectsbeyondhisability.14.A)Embarrassed.B)Unconcerned.C)Miserable.D)Resentful.15.A)Trytobeoptimisticwhateverhappens.B)Comparehispresentwithhispastonly.C)Alwayslearnfromothers’achievements.D)Treatothersthewayhewouldbetreated.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Theyhaveastrongersenseofsocialresponsibility.B)Theyaremorelikelytosucceedinthehumanities.C)Theyaremorelikelytobecomeengineers.D)Theyhavegreaterpotentialtobeleaders.17.A)Praisegirlswholiketospeakupfrequently.B)Encouragegirlstosolveproblemsontheirown.C)Insistthatboysandgirlsworktogethermore.D)Respondmorepositivelytoboys’comments.18.A)Offerpersonalizedteachingmaterials.B)Provideavarietyofoptionalcourses.C)Placegreatemphasisontestscores.D)Payextraattentiontotopstudents.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)Itoftenrainscatsanddogs.B)Itseldomrainsinsummertime.C)Itdoesnotrainasmuchaspeoplethink.D)ItisoneofthemostrainycitiesintheUS.20.A)Theydrivemostofthetime.B)Therainisusuallyverylight.C)Theyhavegotusedtotherain.D)Theraincomesmostlyatnight.21.A)Ithasalotofplacesforentertainment.B)Ithasneverseenthunderandlighting.C)Ithasfewercloudydaysthananyothercoastalcity.D)Ithasmildweatherbothinsummerandinwinter.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)Itoccurswhenpeoplearedoingarepetitiveactivity.B)Itresultsfromexertingone’smusclescontinuously.C)Ithappenswhenpeopleengageinanuncommonactivity.D)Itcomesfromstrainingone’smusclesinanunusualway.23.A)Bloodflowandbodyheatincreaseintheaffectedarea.B)Bodymovementsintheaffectedareabecomedifficult.C)Theybegintomakerepairsimmediately.D)Theygraduallybecomefragmented.24.A)Aboutoneweek.B)Abouttwodays.C)Abouttendays.D)Aboutfourweeks.25.A)Applymusclecreams.B)Drinkplentyofwater.C)Haveahotshower.D)Takepain-killers.PartIIIReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Whentravellingoverseas,doyoubuywaterinplasticbottlesortakeyourchanceswithtapwater?ImagineyouarewanderingaboutonaThaiislandor26theruinsofAngkor.It’shotsoyougrababottleofwaterfromalocalvendor.It’sthesafethingtodo,right?Thebottleis27,andthelabelsays“purewater”.Butmaybewhat’sinsideisnotso28.Wouldyoustillbedrinkingitifyouknewthatmorethan90percentofallbottledwatersoldaroundtheworld29microplastics?That’stheconclusionofarecently30study,whichanalysed259bottlesfrom11brandssoldinninecountries,31anaverageof325plasticparticlesperlitreofwater.Thesemicroplasticsincludeda32commonlyknownasPETandwidelyusedinthemanufactureofclothingandfoodand33containers.ThestudywasconductedattheStateUniversityofNewYorkonbehalfofOrbMedia,ajournalismorganisation.Aboutamillionbottlesareboughteveryminute,notonlybythirstytouristsbutalsobymanyofthe2.1billionworldwidewholivewithunsafedrinkingwater.Confrontedwiththis34,severalbottled-watermanufacturersincludingNestleandCoca-Colaundertooktheirownstudiesusingthesamemethodology.Thesestudiesshowedthattheirwaterdidcontainmicroplastics,butfarlessthantheOrbstudysuggested.Regardless,theWorldHealthOrganisationhaslaunchedareviewintothe35healthrisksofdrinkingwaterfromplasticbottles.A)adequateB)admiringC)containsD)defendingE)evidenceF)instantG)liquidH)modifiedI)naturalJ)potentialK)releasedL)revealingM)sealedN)solvesO)substance SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.ThequietheroismofmaildeliveryA)OnWednesday,apolarwindbroughtbittercoldtotheMidwest.Overnight,Chicagoreachedalowof21degreesFahrenheitbelowzero,makingitslightlycolderthanAntarctica(南极洲),Alaska,andtheNorthPole.Windchillswere64degreesbelowzeroinParkRapids,Minnesota,and45degreesbelowzeroinBuffalo,NorthDakota,accordingtotheNationalWeatherService.Schools,restaurants,andbusinessesclosed,andmorethan1,000flightshavebeencanceled.B)EventheUnitedStatesPostalService(USPS)suspendedmaildelivery.“DuetothisarcticoutbreakandconcernsforthesafetyofUSPSemployees,”USPSannouncedWednesdaymorning,“thePostalServiceissuspendingdeliveryJan.30insome3-digitZIPCodelocations.”TwelveregionswerelistedasunsafeonWednesday;onThursday,eightremained.C)Asglobalsurfacetemperaturesincrease,sodoesthelikelihoodofextremeweather.In2018alone,wildfires,volcaniceruptions,hurricanes,mudslides,andothernaturaldisasterscostatleast$49billionintheUnitedStates.AsmycolleagueVannNewkirkreported,PuertoRicoisstillconfrontingeconomicandstructuraldevastationandresourcescarcityfrom2017’sHurricaneMaria.Naturaldisasterscanwreckacommunity’sinfrastructure,upendingsystemsformonthsoryears.Someservices,however,remindusthatlifewilleventuallyreturn,insomeform,tonormal.D)Daysafterthedeadly2017wildfiresinSantaRosa,California,adrone(无人机)caughtfootage(连续镜头)ofaUSPSworker,TrevorSmith,drivingthroughburnedhomesinthatfamiliarwhitevan,collectingmailinanaffectedarea.Thevideoisstriking:Theoperationisfamiliar,butthescenelooksliketheendoftheworld.AccordingtoRaeAnnHaight,theprogrammanagerforthenational-preparednessofficeatUSPS,Smithwasfulfillingarequestmadebysomeofthehomeownerstopickupanymailthatwasleftuntouched.ForSmith,thiswasjustanotherdayonthejob.“IfollowedmyroutelikeInormallydo,”Smithtoldareporter.“AsIcameacrossaboxthatwasupbutwithnohouse,Ichecked,andtherewasmail–outgoingmail–init.AndsoIpickedthoseupandcarriedon.”E)USPShassophisticatedemergencyplansfornaturaldisasters.Acrossthecountry,285emergency-managementteamsaredevotedtocrisiscontrol.TheseteamsaretrainedannuallyusingaframeworkknownasthethreePs:people,property,product.Aftermailservicestopsduetoweather,theagency’stoppriorityisensuringthatemployeesaresafe.Thenitevaluatesthehealthofinfrastructure,suchastheroadsthatmailcarriersdriveon.Finally,itdecideswhenandhowtore-openoperations.Ifthedevastationisextreme,mailaddressedtotheareawillgetsentelsewhere.InresponsetoHurricaneKatrinain2005,USPSredirectedincomingNewOrleansmailtoexistingmailfacilitiesinHouston.MailthatwasalreadyprocessedinNewOrleansfacilitieswasmovedtoanupperfloorsoitwouldbeprotectedfromwaterdamage.F)Assoonasit’ssafeenoughtobeoutside,couriers(邮递员)startdistributingaccumulatedmailonthestill-accessibleroutes.USPSurgesthosewithoutstandingaddressestofilechange-of-addressformswiththeirnewlocation.AfterHurricaneKatrinahitin2005,mailfacilitiesweresetupindozensoflocationsacrossthecountryinthetwoweeksthatUSPSwasunabletoprovidestreetdelivery.G)Everyday,USPSprocesses,onaverage,493.4millionpiecesofmail–anythingfrompostcardstoSocialSecuritycheckstomedicine.SpokespeoplefrombothUSPSandUPStoldmeallmailisimportant.Butsomemailcanbeextremelysensitiveandtimely.AccordingtodatareleasedinJanuary2017,56percentofbillsarepaidonline,whichmeansthatjustunderhalfofpaymentsstillrelyondeliveryservicestobecompleted.H)ItcanbehardtoidentifywhichparcelsarecarryingcrucialitemssuchasSocialSecuritychecks,butUSPSandUPStrytheirbesttoprioritizesensitivematerial.TheywillcoordinatewiththeSocialSecurityAdministrationtomakesurethatSocialSecuritychecksreachtherightpeopleinatimelyfashion.AfterHurricaneFlorenceandHurricaneMichaellastfall,USPSworkedwithstateandlocalelectionboardstomakesurethatabsenteeballotswereavailableandreceivedontime.I)Mailcompaniesarelogistics(物流)companies,whichputstheminaspecialpositiontohelpwhendisasterstrikes.Ina2011USPScasestudy,theagencyemphasizeditsmassiveinfrastructureasa“uniquefederalasset”tobecalleduponinadisasterorterroristattack.“Ithinkwe’reuniqueasafederalagency,”USPSofficialMikeSwigarttoldme,“becausewe’reinliterallyeverycommunityinthiscountry…We’reobligatedtodelivertothatpointonadailybasis.”J)Privatecouriercompanies,whichhavemoredollarstospend,usetheirexpertiseinlogisticstohelprevitalizedamagedareasafteradisaster.Formorethanadecade,FedExhassupportedtheAmericanRedCrossinitsefforttogetemergencysuppliestoareasaffectedbydisasters,bothdomesticallyandinternationally.In2012,thecompanydistributedmorethan1,200MedPackstoMedicalReserveCorpsgroupsinCalifornia.Theyalsodonatedspacefor3.1millionpoundsofcharitableshippingglobally.LastOctober,thecompanypledged$1millionincashandtransportationsupportforHurricanesFlorenceandMichael.UPS’scharitablearm,theUPSFoundation,usesthecompany’slogisticstohelpdisaster-struckareasrebuild.“Werealizethatasacompanywithpeople,trucks,warehouses,weneededtoplayalargerrole,”saidEduardoMartinez,thepresidentoftheUPSFoundation.Thecompanyemploysitstrucksandplanestodeliverfood,medicine,andwater.ThedaybeforeIspoketoMartinezinNovember,hehadbeentouringthedamagefromHurricaneMichaelinFloridawiththeAmericanRedCross.“Wehaveanobligationtomakesureourcommunitiesarethriving,”hesaid.K)Rebuildingcantakealongtime,andeventhen,impressionsofthedisastermaystillremain.Returningtoanormallifecanbedifficult,butsomesmallroutines–maildeliverybeingoneofthem–mayhelpresidentsrememberthattheircommunitiesarestilltheircommunities.“Whentheyseethatcarrierbackoutonthestreet,”Swigartsaid,“that’sthefirstsigntothemthatlifeisstartingtoreturntonormal.36.TheUnitedStatesPostalServicehasasystemtoensureitsemployees’safety.37.OneofficialsaysUSPSisuniqueinthatithasmoredirectreachtocommunitiescomparedwithotherfederalagencies.38.Naturaldisasterscanhavealong-lastingimpactoncommunitylife.39.Maildeliveryserviceisstillresponsibleforthecompletionofalmosthalfofpayments.40.Thesightofamailmanonthestreetisareassuringsignoflifebecomingnormalagain.41.AfterHurricaneKatrinainterruptedroutinedelivery,temporarymailservicepointsweresetup.42.PostalserviceinsomeregionsintheU.S.wassuspendedduetoextremecoldweather.43.Privatepostalcompaniesalsosupportdisasterreliefeffortsbydistributingurgentsupplies.44.AdedicatedUSPSemployeewasonthejobcarryingoutdutiesinspiteofextremeconditions.45.Postalservicesworkhardtoidentifyitemsthatrequireprioritytreatment.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ProfessorAshokGoelofGeorgiaTechdevelopedanartificiallyintelligentteachingassistanttohelphandletheenormousnumberofstudentquestionsintheonlineclass,KnowledgeBasedArtificialIntelligence.ThisonlinecourseisacorerequirementofGeorgiaTech’sonlineMasterofScienceinComputerScienceprogram.ProfessorGoelalreadyhadeightteachingassistants,butthatwasn’tenoughtodealwiththeoverwhelmingnumberofdailyquestionsfromstudents.Manystudentsdropoutofonlinecoursesbecauseofthelackofteachingsupport.Whenstudentsfeelisolatedorconfusedandreachoutwithquestionsthatgounanswered,theirmotivationtocontinuebeginstofade.ProfessorGoeldecidedtodosomethingtoremedythissituationandhissolutionwastocreateavirtualassistantnamedJillWatsonwhichisbasedontheIBMWatsonplatform.GoelandhisteamdevelopedseveralversionsofJillWatsonbeforereleasinghertotheonlineforums.Atfirst,thevirtualassistantwasn’ttoogreat.ButGoelandhisteamsourcedtheonlinediscussionforumtofindall40,000questionsthathadeverbeenaskedsincetheclasswaslaunched.ThentheybegantofeedJillthequestionsandanswers.Aftersomeadjustmentsandsufficienttime,Jillwasabletoanswerthestudents’questionscorrectly97%ofthetime.Thevirtualassistantbecamesoadvancedandrealisticthatthestudentsdidn’tknowshewasacomputer.Thestudents,whowerestudyingartificialintelligence,wereinteractingwiththevirtualassistantandcouldn’ttellitapartfromarealhumanbeing.Goeldidn’tinformthemaboutJill’strueidentityuntilApril26.Thestudentswereactuallyverypositiveabouttheexperience.ThegoalofProfessorGoel’svirtualassistantnextyearistotakeoveranswering40%ofallthequestionsposedbystudentsontheonlineforum.ThenameJillWatsonwill,ofcourse,changetosomethingelsenextsemester.ProfessorGoelhasamuchrosieroutlookonthefutureofartificialintelligencethan,say,ElonMusk,StephenHawking,BillGatesorSteveWozniak.46.WhatdowelearnaboutKnowledge-BasedArtificialIntelligence?A)Itisarobotthatcananswerstudents’questions.B)Itisacoursedesignedforstudentstolearnonline.C)Itisahigh-techdevicethatrevolutionizesteaching.D)Itisacomputerprogramthataidsstudentlearning.47.WhatproblemdidProfessorGoelmeetwith?A)Hisstudentswereunsatisfiedwiththeassistants.B)Hiscoursewastoodifficultforthestudents.C)Students’questionsweretoomanytohandle.D)Toomanystudentsdroppedoutofhiscourse.48.WhatdowelearnaboutJillWatson?A)Sheturnedouttobeagreatsuccess.B)Shegotalongprettywellwithstudents.C)Shewasunwelcometostudentsatfirst.D)Shewasreleasedonlineasanexperiment.49.HowdidthestudentsfeelaboutJillWatson?A)Theythoughtshewasabittooartificial.B)Theyfoundhernotascapableasexpected.C)Theycouldnotbutadmireherknowledge.D)Theycouldnottellherfromarealperson.50.WhatdoesProfessorGoelplantodonextwithJillWatson?A)Launchdifferentversionsofheronline.B)Feedherwithnewquestionsandanswers.C)Assignhertoanswermoreofstudents’questions.D)Encouragestudentstointeractwithhermorefreely.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thinkingsmall,beingengaging,andhavingasenseofhumordon’thurt.Thoseareafewofthetraitsofsuccessfulsciencecrowdfundingeffortsthatemergefromarecentstudythatexaminednearly400campaigns.Buthavingalargenetworkandsomepromotionalskillsmaybemorecrucial.Crowdfunding,raisingmoneyforaprojectthroughonlineappeals,hastakenoffinrecentyearsforeverythingfrommakingmoviestoproducingwater-savinggadgets.ScientistshavetriedtotapInternetdonors,too,withmixedsuccess.Someraisedmorethantwicetheirgoals,butothershavefallenshortofreachingmoremodesttargets.Todeterminewhatseparatessciencecrowdfundingtriumphsfromfailures,ateamledbysciencecommunicationsscholarMikeSchäferoftheUniversityofZurichexaminedthecontentofthewebpagesfor371recentcampaigns.Fourtraitsstoodoutforthosethatachievedtheirgoals,theresearchersreportinPublicUnderstandingofScience.Forone,theyuseacrowdfundingplatformthatspecializesinraisingmoneyforscience,andnotjustanykindofproject.AlthoughsiteslikeKickstartertakeallcomers,platformssuchasExperiment.comandPetridish.orgonlypresentscientificprojects.Foranother,theypresenttheprojectwithafunnyvideobecausegoodvisualsandasenseofhumorimprovedsuccess.Mostofthemengagewithpotentialdonors,sinceprojectsthatansweredquestionsfrominteresteddonorsfaredbetter.Andtheytargetasmallamountofmoney.Theprojectsincludedinthestudyraised$4,000onaverage,with30%receivinglessthan$1,000.Themoremoneyaprojectsought,thelowerthechanceitreacheditsgoal,theresearchersfound.Otherfactorsmayalsosignificantlyinfluenceaproject’ssuccess,mostnotably,thesizeofascientist’spersonalandprofessionalnetworks,andhowmucharesearcherpromotesaprojectontheirown.Thosetwofactorsarebyfarmorecriticalthanthecontentonthepage.Crowdfundingcanbepartofresearchers’effortstoreachthepublic,andpeoplegivebecause“theyfeelaconnectiontotheperson”whoisdoingthefundraising–notnecessarilytothescience.51.Whatdowelearnaboutthescientiststryingtoraisemoneyonlinefortheirprojects?A)Theydidnotraisemuchduetomodesttargets.B)Theymadeuseofmixedfundraisingstrategies.C)Notallofthemachievedtheiranticipatedgoals.D)Mostofthemputmoviesonlineforthepurpose.52.WhatisthepurposeofMikeSchäfer’sresearchofrecentcrowdfundingcampaigns?A)Tocreateattractivecontentforsciencewebsites.B)Toidentifyreasonsfortheirdifferentoutcomes.C)Tohelpscientiststolaunchinnovativeprojects.D)Toseparatescienceprojectsfromgeneralones.53.Whattraitcontributestothesuccessofacrowdfundingcampaign?A)Thepotentialbenefittofuturegenerations.B)Itsinteractionwithprospectivedonors.C)Itsoriginalityinaddressingfinancialissues.D)Thevalueoftheproposedproject.54.Whatdidtheresearchersthinkofthefinancialtargetsofcrowd-fundingprojects?A)Theyshouldbesmalltobesuccessful.B)Theyshouldbebasedonactualneeds.C)Theyshouldbeassessedwithgreatcare.D)Theyshouldbeambitioustogainnotice.55.Whatmotivatespeopletodonateinacrowdfundingcampaign?A)Theeaseofaccesstothecontentoftheweb-page.B)Theirdesiretocontributetothecauseofscience.C)Thesignificanceandinfluenceoftheprojectitself.D)Theirfeelingofconnectiontothescientiststhemselves.PartIVTranslationDirections:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.中国家庭十分重视孩子的教育。许多父母认为应该努力工作，确保孩子受到良好教育。他们不仅非常情愿为孩子的教育投资，而且花很多时间督促他们学习。多数家长希望孩子能上名牌大学。由于改革开放，越来越多的家长能送孩子到国外留学或参与国际交流项目，以拓宽其视野。通过这些努