北师大版九年级（初三）英语全一册PPT课件：The Silk Road_课件2

TheSilkRoadofSouthwesternChinaTheoriginofthenameAstheroadtothewestwaspopularlyknownforitstradeofsilk,whichwaspricedasvaluableasgold,thatcommercialroutecametobeknownastheSilkRoad.ItisveryhardtosayexactlywhentheSilkRoadstarted.Manyincoherentsmallscaletraderouteshaveexistedlonglongago,theycanbeconsideredastheearliestSilkRoadbeginningform.BeginningTheSilkRoadformallystartedafterZhangQian’sasanenvoytoWesternHanDynasty.Hewenttheretwiceseparatelyin138B.Cand119B.C,whoplaysanimportantroleinexploringtheSilkRoad.HanDynastyHanDynastyAfterZhangQian,BanChaotookonamissiontotheWesternRegion,smoothingtheSilkRoadthathadbeenblockedbyexternalwars.HisassistantGanYingreachedDaqin(ancientRome)andevenwenttoPersianGulf,deepenedtheSilkRoad.TangDynastyTheTangDynastygovernmentpaidmoreattentiontotheSilkRoad.UnliketheSilkRoadinHanDynasty,TangDynastyhadcontrolledoversomeareasofWesternRegionandCentralAsiaalongtheroad,establishingeffectiveandsturdyorders,whichclearedobstaclesforChinesebusinessmen.TangDynastyAfterAnShiRebellioninTangDynasty,theempirefelldown.TheTangGovernmenthadlostcontroloftheWesternRegionandthetradeontheSilkRoadwashalted.YuanDynastyItrevivedtremendouslyundertheYuanDynastyduringtheeleventhandtwelfthcenturieswhenChinabecamelargelydependentonitssilktrade.GenghisKhanconqueredallthesmallstates,unifiedChinaandbuiltalargeempireunderhisrule.YuanDynastyTradealongtheSilkRoadreacheditszenithduringthisperiod.ThefamoustravelerMacroPolotraveledalongtheSilkRoadvisitingDaDuthatistoday’sBeijingandwrotehisfamousbook《TheTravelsofMarcoPolo》,whichintroducedChinatowesterncountriessystematically.DeclinationAsoverlandtradebecameincreasinglydangerous,andtravelbyseabecamemorepopular,thetradealongtheSilkRoadonthelanddeclined.GraduallyitwasreplacedbytheSilkRoadonthesea.DifferentRoutesoftheSilkRoadThefollowingthreeroutesareactuallyoneroutebeforetheyreachLoulan,Xinjiang,thatisfromXi’an—Lanzhou—theHexiCorridor—Wuwei—Zhangye—Jiayuguan—Dunhuang—Loulan.ThenorthrouterunsfromLoulan—Turfan—Hami—Urumqi—Yining—Yili—westtocoastoftheCaspianSea.ThemiddlerouterunsfromLoulan—Kuche—Aksu—Kashi—westtoIranandtoRomealongthecoastofMediterraneansea.ThesouthrouterunsfromLoulan—Qiemo—Hetian—Shache—southtoIndiaandSoutheasttothedirectionofAfghan.Xi’an(西安）ThestartoftheSilkRoad.ItwascalledChang’aninancienttimesandwasthecapitalof13dynasties.Themarvelous（不可思议的）TerraCottaWarriorsandHorses（兵马俑）werealsostationedhere.Lanzhou（兰州）NowthecapitalofGansuprovince.Thegreatyellowriverbasincivilizationbeganhereasthelandbecamewellnourished（滋养）bytheJinandWeiriverswhichformedtheHexiCorridor.LanzhouwasanimportantalongtheSilkRoad.Jiayuguan（嘉峪关）Animportantfortress（要塞）inancientChinaguardedbygarrisons（驻军）.itwastheoutpost（前哨）andalsothelastfrontierofthemiddlekingdom,thuspossessingtheuniquevalueofbeingcrucialfornationaldefence.Dunhuang（敦煌）ThecavesofMogaokutogetherwiththeBuddha（菩萨）andthewallpaintingsinside,havebeenpreservedaspartoftheworldculturalheritagescheme（世界文化遗产）.Loulan（楼兰）theancientcityofLoulanwasbelievedtohavebeenfoundedinthe2ndcenturyBCinanoasis（绿洲）witharichwaternetwork.However,itsuddenlywaned（衰落）intohistoryafterabout800yearsTheancientSilkRoadlinkedChineseculturewiththatofIndia,Greece,RomeandPersianfromonecenturytotheother,carriedthegreatChineseinventionsofsilk,gunpowder,papermakingandprintingtotheWestandbroughtBuddhism,Nestorianism,andIslamandtheirrelatedartsandcultureintoChina.Fromtimeimmemorial,theSilkRoadhasbeenarouteoffriendlyintercoursebetweentheChineseandforeignpeople.TheancientSilkRoadyieldsawealthofworldfamoustreasures.Aseriesofpasses,castles,grottotemples,courierstations,burialsitesandbeacontowersshinewithbrilliance.TheintroduceofsilkSilkgarmentsisregardedascharacteristicofthearistocratic（贵族的、高贵的）andthegenteel（上流社会的）.Asanimportantvarietyoftheclothworld,undertheinfluenceofa“greenrevolution”,thetrendofreturningtonature,peoplefindsilktobeanidealchoiceforitshealth-keepingpropertiesofnaturalfiber.scarfQuiltcoverComputerbaghandbagFanThankyou!