英语词汇学课后答案张维友编

《英语词汇学教程》（2004年版）练习答案【Chapter1】7．tart:loosewomanbloke:fellowgat:pistolswell:greatchicken:cowardblue:fightsmoky:policefull:drunkdame:womanbeaver:girl8.haply=perhapsalbeit=althoughmethinks=itseemstomeeke=alsosooth=truthmorn=morningtroth=pledgeere=beforequoth=saidhallowed=holybillow=wave/theseabade=bid12.DenizensAliensTranslationloansSemanticloanskettlediewallskirthusbandconfrerepropatriaWunderkindmikadoparvenuchopsticktyphoonblackhumourlongtimenoseedream【Chapter2】Ex.1TheIndo-EuropeanLanguageFamilyisoneofthemostimportantlanguagefamiliesintheworld.ItismadeupofmostofthelanguagesofEurope,theNearEastandIndia.EnglishbelongstothisfamilyandtheothermembersoftheIndo-EuropeanhavemoreorlessinfluenceonEnglishvocabulary.AknowledgeoftheIndo-EuropeanLanguageFamilywillhelpusunderstandEnglishwordsbetterandusethemmoreappropriately.2.Indo-EuropeanLanguageFamilyBalto-SlavicIndo-IranianCelticItalianHellenicGermanicRoumanianHindiBretonSpanishGreekEnglishLithuanianPersianScottishFrenchSwedishPrussianIrishItalianGermanPolishPortugueseNorweigianSlavenianIcelandicRussianDanishBulgarianDutch6.Wheninthecourseofhumanevents,itbecomesnecessaryforonepeopletodissolvethepoliticalbondswhichhaveconnectedthemwithanother,andtoassumeamongthepowersoftheearthseparateandequalstationtowhichthelawsofnatureandofnature'sGodentitlethem,adecentrespecttotheopinionsofmankindrequiresthattheyshoulddeclarethecauseswhichimpelthemtotheseparation.MostofthecontentwordsareeitherofGreekorLatinorigin.Whatareleftaremostlyfunctionalwords.ThisshowsthatGreekandLatinplayaveryimportantpartintheEnglishvocabulary.8.eventful[Latin+English]hydroplane[Greek+Latin]falsehood[Latin+English]pacifist[Latin+Greek]saxophone[German+Greek]heirloom[French+English]josshouse[Portuguese+English]television[Greek+Latin]9.amateur(late)finacé(late)empire(early)peace(E)courage(E)garage(L)judgement(E)chair(E)chaise(L)grace(E)servant(E)routine(L)jealous(E)savaté(L)genre(L)gender(E)début(L)morale(L)state(E)chez(L)ballet(L)11.allegro,f轻快andante,j行板diminuendo,g渐弱largo,d缓慢pianoforte,a轻转慢alto,i女低音crescendo,b渐强forte,e强piano,h轻soprano,c女高音12.cherub(Hebrew)snorkel(G)coolie(Hindi)tulip(Turk)lasso(Sp)wok(Ch)shampoo(Indian)chocolate(Mex)tepee(AmInd)jubilee(Gr)kibitz(G)Sabbath(Heb)chipmunk(AmInd)tamale(Mex)cotton(Arab)voodoo(Afr)loot(Hindi)sauerbraten(G)13.a.alligatorb.lococ.rodeod.bonanzae.igloof.blitzkriegg.wigwamh.canoei.hurricanej.boomerangk.panchos【Chapter3】1.a.morphemeb.allomorphc.boundmorphemed.freemorphemee.affixf.informationalaffixg.derivationalaffixh.rooti.stemj.base3.individualisticindividualist+ic[stem,base]individual+ist[stem,base]individu+al[stem,base]in+dividu[root,stem,base]undesirablesun+desirable[stem,base]desir+able[root,stem,base]freemorpheme=freerootmorphemeboundrootboundmorphemeinflectionalaffixaffixprefixderivationalaffixsuffix【Chapter4】Affixation5.non-smokerincapableimpracticaldisobeyinsecurityirrelevantimmatureinability/disabilityunofficiallyunwillingnessillegaldisagreementillogicaldisloyalinconvenientnon-athletic6.hardenhorrifymodernizememorizefalsifyapologizedeepenglorifysterilizelengthenintensifybeautifyfattensympathizea.apologizedb.beautifyc.lengtheningd.sympathizede.fattenf.falsifyg.memorizingh.Sterilize7.a.employeeb.politicianc.participantd.waitresse.conductorf.teacherg.pianisth.examinee/examiner8.trans-=across:transcontinental,trans-worldmono-=one:monorail,monoculturesuper-=over,above:superstructure,supernaturalauto-=self:autobiography,automobilesub-=bad,badly:malpractice,malnutritionmini-=little,small:minicrisis,miniwarpre-=before:prehistorical,preelectionex-=former:ex-teacher,ex-filmerCompoundingheartbeat[S+V]brainwashing[V+O]movie-goer[place+V]bakingpowder[V+adv]far-reaching[V+Adv]dog-tired[adv+a]lion-hearted[adv+a]love-sick[adv+a]boyfriend[S+complement]peace-loving[V+O]snapdecision[V+O]easychair[a+n]on-coming[V+adv]tax-free[adv+a]light-blue[a+a]goings-on[V+adv]4.well-bred/well-behavedculture-bound/homeboundneedlework/homeworkpraiseworthy/respectworthybar-woman/sportswomannation-wide/college-wideclear-minded/strong-mindedmilitary-style/newstyleself-control/self-respectbudget-related/politics-relatedwater-proof/fire-proofonce-fashionable/once-powerfulnews-film/news-lettermock-attack/mock-sadnesssister-in-law/father-in-lawhome-baked/home-producedhalf-way/half-doneever-lasting/ever-greenage-conscious/status-consciouscampus-based/market-basedConversion7.a.stomach[n→v]b.room[n→v]c.wolf[n→v]d.come/go[v→n]e.familiar[a→n]f.innocent[a→n]g.flat[a→n]h.ah/ouch[int→v]i.warm[a→n]j.has-been/might-have-been[finitev→n]k.Hamlet[propern→v]l.buy[v→n]m.smooth[a→v]Blendingmotel(motor+hotel)　　humint(human+intelligence)advertisetics(advertisement+statistics)psywarrior(psychologicalwarrior)hoverport(hovercraft+port)chunnel(channel+tunnel)hi-fi(high+fidelity)cinemactress(cinema+actress)Clippingcopter(helicopter)dorm(dormitory)lab(laboratory)prefab(prefabricatedhouse)gas(gasoline)prof(professor)scope(telescope)champ(champion)sarge(sergeant)mike(microphone)ad(advertisement)tec(detective)Acronymy2.kg=kilogramft=footcf=confercm=centimeter$=dollaribid=ibidemetc.=etceteraVIP=veryimportantpersonOPEC=OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountriesTOEFL=teachingofEnglishasaforeignlanguage3.a.SALTb.radarc.AIDSd.BASICe.Laserf.WHOg.sonarh.G-manBackformation2.lase(laser)escalate(escalator)babysit(babysitter)peeve(peevish)orate(orator)commute(commuter)CommonizationofProperNamesa.tantalize—Tantalusb.Argus-eyed—Argusc.narcissism—Narcissusd.sabotage—sabotse.martinet—Martinetf.yahoo—Yahoog.Shylock—Shylockh.hoovering—Hooveri.utopia—Utopiaj.UncleTommism—UncleTom　【Chapter5】6.apes—bbirds—acattle—mcricket—ndoves—cfoxes—jgeese—ksheep—fwolves—gmonkeys—epigs—lhyenas—hturkeys—dswans—i9.a.Ascientistworkinginaprojecttodevelopindustrialusesfornuclearpowermighthaveallthepositiveassociationswith“atomic”,suchas“benefit,energy”,etc.b.AJapaneseresidentofHiroshima,victimoftheatomicexplosionattheendofWorldWarII,mighthaveallthenegativeassociationswith“atomic”,suchas“suffering,killing,death,horror",etc.c.Toastudentofnuclearphysics,“atomic”mightbeassociatedwith“mystery,science,knowledge”,etc.10.talkative:implyingafondnessfortalkingfrequentlyandatlength(neutral)articulate:expressingoneselfeasilyandclearly(positive)gossip:indulginginidletalkorrumoursaboutothers(negative)rambling:talkingaimlesslywithoutconnectionofideas(negative)fluent:speakingeasily,smoothly,andexpressively(positive)mouthy:overtlytalkative,especiallyinarudeway(nagative)11.NoAppreciativeNeutralPejorative1particularfastidious/fussy2criticalfault-finding/picky3style/voguefad4artfulcunning/sly5unstablefickle/capricious6developingunderdeveloped/backward7encourage/promoteinstigate8groupclique/gang14.bull[-HUMAN+MALE+ADULT+BOVINE]cow[-HUMAN-MALE+ADULT+BOVINE]calf[-HUMAN+MALE-ADULT+BOVINE]rooster[-HUMAN+MALE+ADULT+GALLINE]hen[-HUMAN-MALE+ADULT+GALLINE]chicken[-HUMAN+MALE+ADULT+GALLINE]-HUMANbullcowcalf+BOVINEroosterhenchicken+GALLINE+MALE-MALE+ADULT【Chapter6】Polysemy4.Homonymy4.1)Makebothendsmeatisaparodyofmakebothendsmeetwhichmeans“haveenoughmoneyforone’sneeds”.Herethebutchercleverlyusesthepairofhomonymsmeatandmeettomakeapun.Itmakesaproperanswertothelady’squestion.(1)Butcherscannotmakebothendsmeat(makewholesausageswithallmeat)becausetheycannotmakebothendsmeet(Iftheymadesausageswithallmeat,whichismorecostly,theywouldnotearnenoughmoneytosurvive.)(2)Don’tcomplain.Allthebutchersdothesame.Iamnottheonlyonewhoismakingsausageswithbread.2)Swallowisabirdwhichisseeninsummer.Butbyoneswallowwesee,wecannotdeducethatitisalreadysummertime.Swallowcanalsomeanamouthfulofwine.Onacoldwinterday,ifonehasaswallowofwine,onemayfeelwarm.3)armshastwomeanings:weapons;thehumanupperlimbs.Since“acannonballtookoffhislegs”,thesoldierwasnotabletofighton,sohe“laiddownhisarms”,whichmeans“surrender”.Itcanalsomeanhelaiddownhisupperlimbs.Synonymy3.avaricious:greedycourteously:politelyemancipate:setfreecustomary:usualwidth:breadthadversary:opponentgullible:deceivedremainder:residueinnocent:sinlessobstacle:obstructionvexation:annoyance5.a.identifiableb.safetyc.motivatesd.delicatee.surroundingsf.artificialg.prestigeh.perspirei.accomplishmentj.silentk.impressivel.evaporate6.runmovespinturnwhirlroll7.a.steadb.gee-geec.riped.maturee.effectivef.efficientg.fatigued,childrenh.tired,kidsi.declinedj.refusedk.rancidl.addledm.Penaltiesn.fineso.rebukedp.accusedAntonymy5.a.similar/sameb.safec.sharp/smartd.sende.stingy/selfishh.simplef.significant/sensiblei.sureg.skeptical/suspiciousl.smoothj.slipshod/slovenly/sloppyk.sleepiness/sleep/slumberm.subjectiven.sob/scowl　6.a.old-fashionedb.completelyc.moistured.speciale.essentialf.similarityg.innocenth.rigidi.loosenj.clarityk.desertedl.fruitfulm.peremptoryn.depressedo.indifferent7.a.feed—starve,cold-feverb.wisdom—folliesc.haste—leisured.penny—pound,wise—foolishe.speech—silencef.absence—presenceg.admonish—praisei.wisemen—foolsh.young—oldprivate—publicsaint—devilj.mind—bodyk.foul—fairl.danger—securitym.deliberate--promptn.children—parentso.bully—cowardp.head—tail　8.right—wrongsingle—returndry—sweethard—easystrong—faintrough—calmlight—darkcold—warmhigh—low/deep　Hyponymy3.furniture:desk,chair,table,bedmatter:liquid,gas,solidmeat:pork,beef,muttongo:run,fly,walk4.professionworkplacesurgeon:clinic,hospitalplumber:house,buildinglawyer:office,lawcourtsmechanic:garagephotographer:studioforeman:worksite,factory5.6.InSentence1,got,furniture,recentlyaresuperordinatesbecausetheyaregeneralandconveyaveryvagueideawhereasinSentence2,thethreewordsarereplacedrespectivelybybought,cupboard,threedaysago,whicharesubordinates,conveyingadefiniteandclearidea.SoSentence2isbetterthanSentence1.In3,itissaid,magnificentbuilding,destroyed,yesterdayaresuperordinateterms,whicharecomparativelymuchmoregeneralthanthenewssays,RoyalHotel,burntdown,lastnightrespectivelyin4,whichcanbedescribedassubordinates.Since4isclearerthan3inmeaning,itisbetter.Semanticfield3.Group1issynonymouslysemanticfieldandGroup2issemanticfiled.Thedifferencelies:In1thewordsaresynonyms,noneofthemcoversthemeaningofanother,andtheydifferonlyinstyleandemotivevalues.In2thewordsarenotsynonyms,buteachreferstoaspecifictypeofhorse.Horseisacovertermorsuperordinate,andothersaresubordinates.Thesetermshavenodifferenceinstyleoraffectivemeaning.【Chapter7】4.1)extension2)extension3)narrowing4)degradation5)elevation6)narrowing7)extension8)extension9)narrowing10)elevation11)narrowing12)degradation13)degradation14)degradation5.a.associatedtransferb.abstracttoconcretec.abstracttoconcreted.abstracttoconcrete　　e.abstracttoconcretef.abstractofconcreteg.associatedtransfer　h.associatedtransfer　　i.synesthesiaj.synesthesia6.a.objectiveb.subjective,objectivec.objectived.subjectivee.subjectivef.subjectiveg.subjectiveh.subjective,objective7.a.dieb.graveyardc.bedlam疯人院d.oldpeoplee.strikef.Policemang.stupidpupilh.poorpeoplei.toiletj.fatpersonk.unemployedmother【Chapter8】2.a.torepairb.  measurementanddeterminationofone’spositionc.  predicamentd. injectiona. asinglecompletedividingpart(ofarocket)b. thetheatreoractingasaprofessionc.  aparticularpointorperiodinaprocessofdevelopmentd. toplan,arrangeandcarryouta.  interchangeanddiscussionofideas,esp.formutualunderstandingorharmonyb.  conversationc.  awrittenconversation(ofaplay,etc.)3.a.synonymb.explanation/definitionc.antonymd.examplee.relevantdetailsf.relevantdetailsg.relevantdetails4.a.  stoppeopledrinkingstopdrinkingbythemselvesb.  astonehousewhichisbigahousebuiltofbigstonesc.  apicturepossessedbyBettyaphotographofBettyd.  auntswhoarevisitingpayingavisittoauntse.  takeJaneashiswifepresideoverJane’sweddingf.aweaponthatcanflyoverlongdistanceandthatitexplodeswhenithitsthethingitaimsatanobjectthatisthrownatsomebodyinordertohurthim【Chapter9】6.a—2)b—9)c—3)d—6)e—1)f—8)g—5)h—4)i—7)j—10)7.a.standoutagainstb.approveofc.get…overwithd.lookingintoe.comeupwithf.complywithg.cashedinonh.gowithouti.toprofitby/fromj.dutdown…to8.acoolcat=areallycalmpersonblowone'sstack=losecontroloveroneselfflyoffthehandle=becomeexcessivelyangrywhat'smore=furthermoregetawaywith=commitanillegitimateactwithoutpenaltyofcourse=naturallygeton=getoldpepperandsalt=grey(hair)makeupfor=compensateforlosttime=timewastedtakeiteasy=relax,notworrygetup=risefrombedturnin=gointobedtakecareof=manageorlookafterlikeabreeze=withouteffortoreasilytimeoff=timeforrestgetitmade=besuccessfulthisisit=beinapositionorplace,orhavepossessionofanobjectbeyondwhichmoreofthesameisunnecessarySamisreallyacalmperson.Heneverlosescontrolofhimselfandhardlyeverbecomestooangry.Furthermore,heknowshowtomanagehisbusinessfinanciallybyusingafewtricks…Needlesstosay,he,too,isgettingolder.Hishairisbeginningtoturngrey,butheknowshowtocompensateforwastedtimebyrelaxing.Herisesearly,exercises,andgoestobedearly.Hemanageshisfrankfurterdispensarywithoutvisibleeffort,untilitissomeoneelse'sturntoworkthere.Samissuccessful,hehasreachedhislife'sgoal.　9.a.“Well,it'stheoldstoryofthestitchintime,”hesaid.Astitchintimesavesnine.b.Fleur'sheadwaslostinthetool-box,buthervoicewasheardsaying:“Toomanycooks,betterletme.”Toomanycooksspoilthebroth.c.Butnotmanyotherpeopleheldthatviewdiscerninghisfingerstillverylargeineverypie—somuchsothatthereoftenseemedlesspiethanfinger.haveafingerinthepied.I’mthinkingofputtingupa“Silenceisgolden”placardinhisoffice.Nobodycanhearthemselvesthink.Speechissilver,silenceisgolden.e.Theyfourhadonelikeness:theirappearanceandtheirworkwasasitwereawheelinthemiddleofawheel.wheelwithinwheelsf.Hequotesthemextensivelynevertheless,togetherwithotherequallysuspectevidence,becauseotherwisehewouldhavenostrawwithwhichtomakehisbricks.makebrickswithoutstraw10.windandweather　　wheelinganddealingwaifsandstrays　　townandgowntopandtail　　　　　timeaftertimerulesandregulationsriseandfallragsandtatterspuffandblowpickandshovelpeaceandquietoverandabove　　oneandonlyoffandon　　　　　neckandneckshouldertoshouldermoanandgroanmilkandwater　　　manandbeast　11.a.好奇伤身。b.闻声知鸟。／闻言知人。　c.种瓜得瓜。／种豆得豆。d.美貌只是一层皮。／不可以貌取人。e.良药苦口。f.谨慎是安全之本。g.子为人之父。／从小看大。h.不满是前进的第一步。／不满就是进步的开始i.入乡随俗。j.吃一堑，长一智。k.烈火试真金，逆境炼意志。【Chapter10】14.draft(AmE)—draught(BrE)gaol(BrE)—jail(AmE)aesthetic(BrE)—esthetic(AmE)check(AmE)—cheque(BrE)travel(AmE)—travell(BrE)catalog(AmE)—catalogue(BrE)16.subway(AmE)=underground/tube(BrE)subway(BrE):undergroundpassagewayacrossaroadpublicschool(AmE)=privateschool(BrEesp.boardingschool)17.TheinformationcanbefoundinLongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish(NewEdition1987,reprintedalmostyearly)p590.18.TheexpressionscanbefoundinLanguageNotesentitledThanksinLongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish(NewEdition1987,reprintedalmostyearly)p1097.19.TheinformationcanbefoundinCollinsCOBUILDEnglishDictionary(1995Britain;2000上海外语教育出版社)。rich:◆◆◆◆◇=belongingto1200wealthy:◆◆◇◇◇=belongingto3200affluent:◆◇◇◇◇=belongingto8100Thesewordscannotbeusedinterchangeablybecausetheydifferinintensityofmeaning,inrangeofmeaningandinformality.Generallythehigherthefrequencyofuse,themorecommonitis.Comparatively,affluentisthemostformal,strongestandmostinfrequently-usedword.20.dullhas9meanings;5synonyms;4antonyms;6superordinates(CCED1987,p439)21.blurthastwomeanings,formeaning1,theinformationgivenintheExtraColumnis:V+O/REPORT-CL/QUOTE+A(out),orV+QUOTE;≠bottleup.Thatmeansblurtisaverbfollowedbyobjectorobjectclause,orbydirectquote(直接引语)followedbyadverbialout;itsantonymisbottleup.Formeaning2,wefind:V+O/REPORT/QUOTE+A(out).22.onanemptystomach=Routetofindinformation:empty(keyword)→emptystomach→EAT12(EAThas14meanings),meaningwithouthavingeatenanything.corporalpunishment=Routetofindinformation:punishment→corporalpunishment,meaningpunishmentbyhittingusuallywithastick.友情提示：本资料代表个人观点，如有帮助请下载，谢谢您的浏览！combmirrorhairbrushsleepersrugdressingtableBEDROOMcarpetdressinggownbedmattresswardrobeclothessheetspillowspyjamasblankets整理为word整理为word格式整理为word格式