2021届北京市西城区高三下学期一模英语试题（解析版）(1)

西城区高三统一测试英语本试卷共15页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Somedreamstakelongertocometruethanothers,butwiththehelpof21st-centurysocialmediaandhergreat-grandson,attheageof110,oneBritishwomanis____1____hersatlonglast.AttheendofWorldWarI,AmyHawkinswasa7-year-oldchildwholovednothingmorethanto____2____.Asateen,Hawkinssether____3____onbecominganentertainer.Hawkinswasonherway,touringthecountrywithadancetroupe(歌舞团)—untilherambitionwas____4____byhermom,whodidn’tseeitasarespectable____5____forayounglady.Alltheseyearslater,the110-year-oldladylivesathomeinMonmouth,SouthWales,surroundedbyherlovedones.Thefour-generationfamilyunitincludeshergranddaughter,HannahFreeman,andFreeman’s14-year-oldson,Sacha.Eventhoughshe’snolongerdoingit____6____,Hawkinshasneverstoppedsinging.“She’slikeaclock,onceyouwindherupshewon’tstop,”Freemansaidinaninterview.“Shejustkeepsasking,‘Wouldyou____7____anotherone?’.”OnHawkins’110thbirthday,Sacha____8____hisgreat-gransingingoneofherfavoriteWWItunes.WhenFreemanjokinglysuggestedSachapostittoTikTok,neitherofthemcouldhave____9____theoverwhelminglypositiveresponseitwouldreceive,reaching100,000viewsandalargenumberofemotionalpraisesinjustdays.Somejourneystakelongerthanothers.Sometimes,we’redetoured(绕路)alongtheway.Dreamscananddocometrueeveryday.Whileit’sbeenalongtimecoming,AmyHawkinsis_____10_____awholenewgenerationoffans.1.A.reflectingB.realizingC.recallingD.researching2.A.singB.studyC.paintD.film3.A.valuesB.limitsC.sightsD.hands4.A.cutbackB.cutinC.cutthroughD.cutshort5.A.methodB.gradeC.levelD.occupation6.A.nervouslyB.professionallyC.reasonablyD.secretly7.A.bringB.haveC.likeD.read8.A.caughtB.videoedC.reportedD.remembered9.A.imaginedB.noticedC.missedD.suspected10.A.entertainingB.becomingC.representingD.inviting【答案】1.B2.A3.C4.D5.D6.B7.C8.B9.A10.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了AmyHawkins从小喜欢唱歌并立志当一名艺人，却不被妈妈看好，直到她110岁时还在坚持歌唱梦想的故事。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些梦想要比其他的更久才能实现，但在21世纪的社交媒体和她曾孙的帮助下，一位110岁的英国女性终于实现了自己的梦想。A.reflecting反思，反射；B.realizing实现，意识到；C.recalling回忆；D.researching研究。根据上文“Somedreamstakelongertocometruethanothers”可知，空后的“hers”指代的就是dream“梦想”。因此这里要用realizing。故选B项。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：第一次世界大战结束时，艾米·霍金斯还是个7岁的孩子，她最喜欢的就是唱歌。A.sing唱歌；B.study学习；C.paint画画；D.film电影，摄制电影。根据下文“Hawkinswasonherway,touringthecountrywithadancetroupe(歌舞团)”和“Hawkinshasneverstoppedsinging.”可知，霍金斯最喜欢唱歌。故选A项。【3题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：霍金斯十几岁时就立志要成为一名艺人。A.values价值；B.limits限制；C.sights视力，景象，眼界；D.hands手。根据本句结构可知，这里是短语setone’ssighton“力求，立志于”。由此可见，十几岁时的霍金斯立志要当一个艺人。故选C项。【4题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：霍金斯当时正在路上，她和一个舞蹈团在全国巡回演出，直到她的梦想被她的母亲终止了，她的母亲认为这不是一个年轻女士应该做的体面职业。A.cutback削减，修剪；B.cutin插嘴，超车；C.cutthrough刺穿，抄近路走过；D.cutshort缩短，打断。根据下句“whodidn’tseeitasarespectable 　5　forayounglady”可知，霍金斯的妈妈认为当艺人不体面，由此可判断出是不赞同她去走这条路的，因此霍金斯的雄心被中断了。故选D项。【5题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：霍金斯当时正在路上，她和一个舞蹈团在全国巡回演出，直到她的梦想被她的母亲终止了，她的母亲认为这不是一个年轻女士应该做的体面职业。A.method方法；B.grade年级，分数；C.level水平；D.occupation职业。根据上文中的“Hawkinssether　3　 onbecominganentertainer.”以及“untilherambitionwas 　4　 byhermom”可判断出，霍金斯长大了想把当艺人当成一份工作，但是被妈妈不认同，因为她妈妈认为艺人是一个不受尊重的职业。故选D项。6题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管霍金斯已经不再是职业歌手，但她从未停止过唱歌。A.nervously焦虑地；B.professionally专业地；C.reasonably合理地；D.secretly秘密地。根据第二段第三句“untilherambitionwas 　4　 byhermom,whodidn’tseeitasarespectable 　5　 forayounglady.”可知，霍金斯由于妈妈的阻挠，没有从事唱歌这个职业，因此就有了，她不是职业歌手，但是从未停止唱歌。故选B项。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她一直在问，你想再来一杯吗？A.bring带来；B.have有；C.like喜欢；D.read读。根据上文中的“She’slikeaclock,onceyouwindherupshewon’tstop,”Freemansaidinaninterview.”可知，此处是在采访中的情景，采访者再问霍金斯是否还想再喝一杯。故选C项。【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在霍金斯110岁生日那天，萨夏拍下了他曾祖母唱她最喜欢的WWI歌曲之一的视频。A.caught抓住；B.videoed录制；C.reported报告；D.remembered记得。根据第五段第二句“WhenFreemanjokinglysuggestedSachapostittoTikTok”可知，此处是把录制的视频发布到抖音上去。故选B项。【9题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们俩谁也没有想到它会在短短几天内得到如此压倒性的积极回应，点击量达到了10万次，还有大量的情感赞扬。A.imagined想象；B.noticed注意到；C.missed想念；D.suspected怀疑。根据空后“neitherofthemcouldhave 　9　 theoverwhelminglypositiveresponseitwouldreceive,reaching100,000viewsandalargenumberofemotionalpraisesinjustdays.”可知，录制的视频发布到网上以后有很大的相应，这很难想象的到。故选A项。【10题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在漫长的等待之后，艾米·霍金斯迎来了新一代的粉丝A.entertaining娱乐，招待；B.becoming成为；C.representing代；D.inviting邀请。根据空前一句“Whileit’sbeenalongtimecoming”可知，由于母亲的原因霍金斯没有从事歌唱事业，但是在110岁的时候一举成名迎来了自己的第一批粉丝。故选A项。第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Invented____11____earlytwentieth-centuryAmericabyRichardDrew,Scotchtapecanbeusedtofixalmostanything.However,thereismoretothisfix-it-allthanjustthat.Stickyyeteasilyremoved,Scotchtapewasdesignedforuseinpaintingcars—tomaskoffareasthatshouldnot____12____(paint).Thetapesoonfoundotheruses.Duringthe1930s,peopledidn’thavemuchmoney,sotheycouldn’tthrowawaydamagedthings;theyhadtorepairthem.Drew’spaintingtapebecameapopular,money-savingfixforeverythingfromtornclothingtobrokeneggs.Sincethen,people____13____(find)allsortsofcreativewaystousethestickytape.【答案】11.in12.bepainted13.havefound【解析】【分析】本文是说明文，介绍了透明胶带的发明和运用史。【11题详解】考查介词。句意：在20世纪早期的美国，理查德·德鲁发明了透明胶带，它可以用来固定几乎任何东西。语法填空题中无提示词的情况下，通常填介词、冠词、连词和代词。结合句意可知介词in与earlytwentieth-centuryAmerica构成地点状语，表示“在20世纪早期的美国”。故填in。【12题详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：透明胶带是为汽车喷漆而设计的，用它来遮盖不应该涂漆的地方。分析句子结构可知that为定语从句修饰先行词areas。再分析定语从句结构可知paint是从句中谓语动词，且和主语that即areas之间有被动关系，所以应该使用被动语态,又因前有情态动词should，因而应用bepainted。故填bepainted。【13题详解】考查动词时态。句意：从那时起，人们找到了各种有创意的使用胶带的方法。分析句子结构可知find在句中作谓语动词，同时句中有常与现在完成时态连用的Since时间状语，所以应使用现在完成时态，又因people作主语时谓语动词常用复数，所以应用havefound。故填havefound。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Afteralotofpreparation,JosephLockwoodandPhilippaAmoswerefinallyreadytostarttheirjourneyintotheAmazonrainforest.Theywerefeeling____14____(cheer)astheysaileddownthegreatriver.Eventually,theygotoutoftheboatandwalkedintothedarknessofthejungle.Neitherofthemhadeverbeeninsuchanextremesituationbefore,usingjustacompass(指南针)tofindtheareawherethekindoffrogtheywantedtostudy____15____(live).Suddenly,Joseph,whowasholdingthecompass,trippedandlostitinariver.Thesituationseemedhopeless—howwouldtheyfindthefrogsnow?Butjust____16____theystartedtofeelreallysadandworriedthattheirjourney____17____(be)afailure,theysawthefrogstheyhadcometolookfor.【答案】14.cheerful15.lived16.as17.wouldbe【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍约瑟夫·洛克伍德和菲利帕·阿莫斯在亚马逊雨林寻找青蛙之旅。【14题详解】考查形容词。句意：他们沿着大河航行，心情很愉快。系动词feel后接形容词作表语。故填cheerful。【15题详解】考查时态。句意：他们俩之前都没有经历过如此极端的情况，只需要用一个指南针就能找到他们想研究的这种青蛙生活的地方。分析句子结构可知，定语从句中主语为thekindoffrog，后接省略关系代词的定语从句theywantedtostudy修饰主语，所以从句缺少谓语动词。根据文章时态可知，用一般过去时。故填lived。【16题详解】考查连词。句意：但是正当他们开始感到非常难过，担心他们的旅程会失败的时候，他们看到了他们来寻找的青蛙。句中用连词as，表示“当……时候”。justas正当……的时候。故填as。【17题详解】考查时态。句意：但是正当他们开始感到非常难过，担心他们的旅程会失败的时候，他们看到了他们来寻找的青蛙。分析句子可知，用过去将来时，表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或呈现的状态。故填wouldbe。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。TheLongjiRiceTerraces(龙脊梯田)werebuiltbythelocalZhuangandYaopeople,towhomGuangxiishome.StartingintheYuanDynasty,workontheterracestookhundredsofyears.Theterracesare____18____(clever)designed,withhundredsofwaterwaysthatconnectwitheachother.Duringtherainyseason,itisalongthesewaterwaysthatrainwater____19____(move)downthemountainsandintotheterraces.Theseterracesalsoprovideaperfectenvironmentforbirdsandfish,someofwhichfeedoninsects____20____canharmthericecrops.TodaytheLongjiRiceTerracesattractthousandsofvisitorswhocometoadmirethisgreatwondercreatedbypeopleandnatureworkingtogether.【答案】18.cleverly19.moves20.that/which【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要简要介绍了龙脊梯田的设计和历史。【18题详解】考查副词。句意：梯田设计巧妙，数百条水道相互连接。根据下文动词“designed”可知设空处应填副词进行修饰。故填cleverly。【19题详解】考查时态。句意：在雨季，雨水沿着这些水道从山上流下，进入梯田。根据分析句子，“rainwater”为主语，设空处为谓语。根据上文“is”及语意，可知此处时态应为一般现在时。主语rainwater不可数，谓语用单数形式。故填moves。【20题详解】考查定语从句。句意：这些梯田也为鸟类和鱼类提供了完美的环境，其中一些以危害水稻作物的昆虫为食。根据分析句子，此处应为定语从句。设空处在从句中作主语，且先行词为insects，应填that/which。故填that/which。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AImmersiveVanGoghFromthecreatorsoftheblockbustershowinParisseenbyovertwomillionvisitorsandstillwowingcrowdsinToronto,thewestcoastpremiere(首场)oftheImmersiveVanGoghExhibitwillbringtheartofVincenttolifeinLosAngeles.Immersiveartisnotjustatechnicalwaytorepresentvideoandaudioinhugespaces.Thewordimmersiveindicatesadeepcommitmentofintentionswhichconnectimagesandsoundsinawaythattheaudienceisabletoexperienceadifferentwayoftheart.Truetoitsname,thisexhibitiontransformstheiconic(偶像的)paintingsofVincentvanGoghintomoving,wall-fillingprojections.“ImmersiveVanGogh”promiseshalf-a-millioncubicfeetofprojectionsthatpullfromsomeofthepost-impressionist’smostrecognizablepieces,includingTheBedroom,Sunflowersand,yes,TheStarryNight.Youwillexperienceartlikeneverbefore—loseyourselfinentrancing,movingimagesthathighlightbrushstrokes,detail,andcolor—trulyilluminating(照亮)themindofthegenius.LOCATIONTheImmersiveVanGoghExhibitislocatedatasecretplacesituatedintheheartofLosAngeles.Tobeannouncedbeforetheexhibitopens,existingticketholderswillreceiveanemailwiththeplacenameandlocationonceitismadepublic.TICKETPRICESVIPTICKETS—$99.99●Priorityaccess●VanGoghcushion(agiftforyou)●LimitededitionposterPREMIUMTICKETS—$59.99●VanGoghcushion(rental)●LimitededitionposterBASICTICKETS—$54.99●AdmissiononlyCHILDTICKETS—$29.99●Ages6—16(children5andunderdonotrequireaticket)●Admissiononly●ChildticketsarenotsubjecttochangeofdatefeesTicketsareavailableonlineatwww.vangoghla.com.GIFTSHOPStopbyourExhibitGiftShoptotakethemagicofVanGoghhomewithyou!Fromclothingandjewelrytohomedécor,children’sbooks,andsomuchmore,youwillfinduniqueandthoughtfulsouvenirsattheImmersiveVanGoghExhibit.Alsobesuretocheckoutatouronlinestore!ExperiencetheorganiclandscapesofVanGogh’simagination,andjourneythroughhisbrillianceandmadnessinacompletelynewandunforgettableway.21.Accordingtothepassage,theImmersiveVanGoghExhibit________.A.presentsVanGogh’sartinamodernwayB.beginsajourneytoVanGogh’shometownC.displaysVanGogh’spaintingsonmovingwallsD.designsprojectsonVanGogh’slearningexperience22.Fromwherecanpeoplefindinformationabouttheexactlocationoftheexhibit?A.Anemail.B.Awebsite.C.Theticketoffice.D.Thegiftshop.23.Howmuchshouldacouplewitha5-year-oldchildwhowouldliketoownaVanGoghcushionatleastpayforthevisit?A.$109.98.B.$154.98.C.$159.98.D.$199.98.【答案】21.A22.A23.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了这场沉浸式梵高作品展在西海岸的首映式将在洛杉矶让梵高的艺术重现人间。【21题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Immersiveartisnotjustatechnicalwaytorepresentvideoandaudioinhugespaces.Thewordimmersiveindicatesadeepcommitmentofintentionswhichconnectimagesandsoundsinawaythattheaudienceisabletoexperienceadifferentwayoftheart.(沉浸式艺术不仅仅是在巨大空间中表现视频和音频的技术方法。沉浸式这个词表明了一种深刻的意图，通过将图像和声音连接起来，让观众能够体验到一种不同的艺术方式)”以及第三段“Truetoitsname,thisexhibitiontransformstheiconicpaintingsofVincentvanGoghintomoving,wall-fillingprojections.“ImmersiveVanGogh”promiseshalf-a-millioncubicfeetofprojectionsthatpullfromsomeofthepost-impressionist’smostrecognizablepieces,includingTheBedroom,Sunflowersand,yes,TheStarryNight.(正如它的名字一样，这次展览将文森特·梵高的标志性画作变成了移动的、充满墙壁的投影。ImmersiveVanGogh承诺将使用50万立方英尺的投影，呈现出印象派最著名的作品，包括《卧室》、《向日葵》，没错，还有《星夜》)”可知，沉浸式艺术是一种将图像和声音连接起来的新型艺术形式。本次梵高绘画展演就是要通过沉浸式艺术展现。由此推知，本次展演将通过一种新的方式呈现。故选A。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Tobeannouncedbeforetheexhibitopens,existingticketholderswillreceiveanemailwiththeplacenameandlocationonceitismadepublic.(在展览开始前宣布，一旦公开，现有的门票持有者将收到一封附有地点和地点的电子邮件)”可知，想要得到本次展演的确切地点，只能通过电子邮件。故选A。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据题干“acouplewitha5-year-oldchildwhowouldliketoownaVanGoghcushion(一对夫妇和一个5岁的孩子，并且想拥有一个梵高坐垫)”可知，一共有两个成人，一个五岁的小孩，并且想要梵高坐垫。再结合“Ages6—16(children5andunderdonotrequireaticket)”可知，五岁以下的小孩不需要门票。再根据题干中“ownaVanGoghcushion”可知，想要得到一份VanGoghcushion必须其中一人购买VIPTICKETS，即需要$99.99。另一个人只需要购买BASICTICKETS(基本门票)，即需要$54.99。所以acouplewitha5-year-oldchildwhowouldliketoownaVanGoghcushion(一对夫妇和一个5岁的孩子，并且想拥有一个梵高坐垫)至少需要$154.98。故选B。BIdaNelsonandhersisterwererelaxingandenjoyingthemselvesinthesauna(桑拿室)whensheheardaseriesoflonglowsoundsfromasmallairplanecirclingthenearbyairport.Itwas11:30atnightintheAlaskanvillageofIgiugig,population70,and,asshetoldthereporter,“Anytimeaplanefliesoverthatlate,youknowsomethingiswrong.”Nelsonandhersisterleapedoutofthesauna,rantothewindow,andsawtheproblem:Theairport’srunwaylightswereout.Nelsonthrewonsomeclothes,jumpedintoherATV,andflooredittotheairport,whereshefoundalocalpilottryingtoturnonthelightsmanually.“Normally,ifyoupushthebutton10or15times,thelightswilljustlightup,”NelsontoldKTOOoutofJuneau.Notthistime.Meanwhile,sheandthepilotlearnedoftheplane’surgentmission:Itwasamedevac(医疗救护直升机),theretotransportaseriouslyilllocalgirltothenearesthospital,280milesawayinAnchorage.Nelsonhadaplan.DrivingherATVtotheendoftherunway,sheshoneherheadlightsfortheplanetofollow.Greatidea,butitwasn’tenough.Morelightwasneeded,soaneighborcallednearlyeveryhomeinthevillage—32ofthem.Within20minutes,20vehiclesarrivedattheairport,manyofthedriversstillinpajamas(睡衣).Followingdirectionsfromthemedevacpilot,thecarslinedupononesideoftherunway.Themedevacmadeitsfinalapproachand,guidedbytheheadlights,landedsafely.Theyoungpatientwasloadedontotheaircraft,andtheplaneimmediatelytookoffagain.Herillnesswasneverpubliclyrevealed,butshehassincebeenreleasedfromthehospital.Inaworldfilledwithuncertainty,thelittlecommunity’spositiveactivismwasabigdeal.NotsomuchforNelson.Asshetoldthereporter,inIgiugig,comingtogether“iskindofanormaldeal.”24.Whatproblemdidthemedevachave?A.Itarrivedlate.B.Itslightswerebroken.C.Itcouldn’tlandsafely.D.Itneededalocalpilot.25.WhatwasNelson’splantohelp?A.Helpingthepilottorepairthelights.B.Callingherneighborstohelptogether.C.Shiningtheheadlightsfortheplanetofollow.D.SendingtheseriouslyillgirltothehospitalinherATV.26.Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?A.Knowledgestartswithpractice.B.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.C.Nothingisimpossibletothemanwhowilltry.D.Asmallactofkindnesscanmakeabigdifference.【答案】24.C25.C26.D【解析】本文为记叙文。文章讲解了艾达·纳尔逊和她的妹妹帮助救护直升机安全着陆，使得飞机把重病的女孩送到医院。这个故事想告诉我们一个小小的善举可以带来很大的影响。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Nelsonandhersisterleapedoutofthesauna,rantothewindow,andsawtheproblem:Theairport’srunwaylightswereout.（尼尔森和她的妹妹跳出桑拿房，跑到窗前，发现了问题所在:机场的跑道灯熄灭了）”和第四段“Nelsonthrewonsomeclothes,jumpedintoherATV,andflooredittotheairport,whereshefoundalocalpilottryingtoturnonthelightsmanually.（尼尔森穿上衣服，跳上她的沙滩车，踩着油门驶向机场，在那里她发现一名当地飞行员正试图手动开灯）”以及倒数第二段“Themedevacmadeitsfinalapproachand,guidedbytheheadlights,landedsafely.（救护直升机在前灯的指引下完成了最后的着陆）”可推知，因为机场跑道的灯熄灭了，医疗救护直升机无法安全着陆，最后在前灯的指引下完成了最后的着陆。故选C项。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段“Nelsonhadaplan.DrivingherATVtotheendoftherunway,sheshoneherheadlightsfortheplanetofollow.（尼尔森有一个。她开着她的沙滩车走到跑道的尽头，她点亮车头灯，让后面的飞机跟着）”可知，尼尔森的计划是点亮沙滩车前灯，让飞机跟随着过来。故选C项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Inaworldfilledwithuncertainty,thelittlecommunity’spositiveactivismwasabigdeal.（在一个充满不确定性的世界里，这个小社区的积极行动是一件大事）”可知，这个小社区的积极行动产生很大影响，因此，这个故事想告诉我们一个小小的善举可以带来很大的影响。故选D项。CHumans’overconsumptionofresourcesisaleadingcontributortoglobalclimatechange,saysUniversityofArizonaresearcherSabrinaHelm.Therefore,it’sincreasinglyimportanttounderstandthechoicesconsumersmakeandhowthosedecisionsaffectthehealthofaplanetwithlimitedresources.Inanewstudy,publishedinthejournalYoungConsumers,Helmandhercolleaguesexplorehowmaterialisticvaluesinfluencepro-environmentalbehaviorsinmillennials,whoarenowthenation’smostinfluentialgroupofconsumers.Theresearchersfocusedontwomaincategoriesofpro-environmentalbehaviors:reducedconsumption,whichincludesactionslikerepairinginsteadofreplacingolderitems;and“greenbuying,”orpurchasingproductsdesignedtolimitenvironmentalimpacts.Theresearchersalsolookedathowengaginginpro-environmentalbehaviorsaffectsconsumerwell-being.Morematerialisticparticipants,theresearchersfound,wereunlikelytoengageinreducedconsumption.However,materialismdidnotseemtohaveaneffectontheirlikelihoodofpracticing“greenbuying.”That’sprobablybecause“greenbuying,”unlikereducedconsumption,stilloffersawayformaterialiststofulfilltheirdesiretogetnewitems,Helmsaid.Studyparticipantswhoreportedhavingfewermaterialisticvaluesweremuchmorelikelytoengageinreducedconsumption.Consuminglesswas,inturn,linkedtohigherpersonalwell-beingandlowerpsychologicalsuffering.Greenbuying—whichmayhavesomepositiveenvironmentaleffects,althoughtoasmallerdegreethanreducedconsumption—wasnotfoundtoimproveconsumerwell-being,Helmsaid.Thetake-homemessageforconsumers:“Thekeyistoreduceconsumptionandnotjustbuygreenstuff.Havinglessandbuyinglesscanactuallymakeusmoresatisfiedandhappier,”Helmsaid.“Ifyouhavealotofstuff,youhavealotonyourmind,”shesaid.“Forexample,itrequiresmaintenanceandthere’salotofburdensofownership,andifyourelieveyourselfofthatburdenofownership,mostpeoplereportfeelingalotbetterandfreer.”Helmandhercolleaguesadditionallylookedathowmaterialismaffectsmillennialconsumers’proactivefinancialbehaviors,suchasbudgetingandsaving.Examiningfinancialbehaviorsalongsidepro-environmentalbehaviorsprovidesapictureofhowyoungadultsproactivelydealwithresourcelimitationsintwocontexts:environmentalandfinancial,Helmsaid.Asexpected,Helmandhercolleaguesfoundthatthosewhoreportedhavingmorematerialisticvaluesengagedinfewerproactivefinancialbehaviorsthantheirlessmaterialisticcounterparts(对应的人).Theresearchersalsofoundthat,consistentwithpreviousstudies,proactivefinancialbehaviorswereassociatedwithbetterpersonalwell-being,lifesatisfactionandfinancialsatisfaction,aswellaslowerpsychologicalsuffering.Understandinghowmaterialisticvaluesimpactconsumerbehaviors,andhowthosebehaviorsinturnaffectpersonalandenvironmentalwell-being,isimportant,Helmsaid.However,sheacknowledgesthatformanyconsumers,shiftingbehaviorstobemorefinanciallyproactiveandconsumelesswillbechallenging.27.Whatdoweknowaboutpro-environmentalbehaviors?A.Theyareacauseofclimatechange.B.Theyleadtoamoresatisfyinglife.C.Theyvaryindifferentagegroups.D.Theyareaffectedbymaterialism.28.ItcanbelearnedfromHelm’sstudythat________.A.ownershipofgreenproductsbringsasenseofhappinessB.materialistspreferpracticinggreenbuyingtobuyinglessC.greenbuyinghelpscontrolpeople’sdesiretobuynewitemsD.buyinglessandgreenbuyinghavesimilareffectsonpeople29.Accordingtothestudy,whichofthefollowingcanimproveone’swell-being?A.Replacingolderitems.B.Developingnewresources.C.Buyinggreenerproducts.D.Beingcarefulwithexpenses.30.WhatisHelmprobablygoingtoexplaininthenextparagraph?A.Whenpeopledevelopproactivefinancialbehaviors.B.Whichfinancialbehaviorsleadtomentalwell-being.C.Whyitishardtochangepeople’sfinancialbehaviors.D.Howmaterialisticvaluesinfluencefinancialbehaviors.【答案】27.D28.B29.D30.C【解析】【分析】本文是说明文，说明了物质主义消费观对环保行为的影响以及与个体幸福感之间的关系。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据第一自然段中“Helmandhercolleaguesexplorehowmaterialisticvaluesinfluencepro-environmentalbehaviorsinmillennials,...”（Helm和她的同事探索了物质主义价值观如何影响千禧一代的环保行为，……）可知，materialisticvalues即materialism对pro-environmentalbehaviors有影响。故选D项。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第三自然段中“Morematerialisticparticipants,…,wereunlikelytoengageinreducedconsumption.However,materialismdidnotseemtohaveaneffectontheirlikelihoodofpracticing“greenbuying.””（更崇尚物质的参与者不太可能减少消费。然而，物质主义似乎对他们进行“绿色购买”的可能性没有影响。）可知，物质主义者不太可能减少消费，但他们愿意“绿色购买”。故选B项。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第四自然段中“Consuminglesswas,inturn,linkedtohigherpersonalwell-beingandlowerpsychologicalsuffering.”（反之，消费越少，个人幸福感越高，心理痛苦越少。）可知不崇尚物质，消费少的个体幸福感更高，因此“Beingcarefulwithexpenses”也就是精打细算的人更幸福。故选D项。【30题详解】推理判断题。在末段尾句“However,sheacknowledgesthatformanyconsumers,shiftingbehaviorstobemorefinanciallyproactiveandconsumelesswillbechallenging.”（不过，她也承认，对许多消费者来说，改变消费行为，在财务上更加主动，减少消费将是一个挑战。）中作者说改变消费行为很难，按逻辑推理可知下一段中会解释为什么难。故选C项。DPlants,andtheinsectswhichrelyonthem,arethelivingfoundationsofourplanet.Butthesefoundationsareunderstressbecausewehaveatendencytoreplacefieldsandforestswithdecorativetreesandshrubsimportedfromaroundtheworld.Addingtotheproblem,ourobsession(痴迷)withperfectionleadsustousealotofpesticides(杀虫剂).Theseactionsarepartofthereasonglobalbiodiversityiscrashing.ThereareoverthreebillionfewerwildbirdsinNorthAmericathantherewerein1970.Recentresearchshowsthatinsectnumbers,eveninnaturereserves,havefallen,and40percentofallinsectspeciesmaybeextinctwithinafewdecades.Thisisdiscouragingnews;however,thereareactionswecantaketohelpbringatleastsomespeciesback.Thefirststepistoredefineourconceptof“garden”toincludemorethanjustplants.Weneedtointentionallyshareourspace,andnotjustwiththebirds,beesandbutterfliesthatvisitourflowers,butalsowiththelittleinsectsthatmayeatapart(veryrarelyall)ofourplants.Therefore,wemustlimitpesticideuse.It’scrucialtosupportnature’srecovery,andit’smuchbetterforeveryone:nodoctorhaseverrecommendedlon