21世纪大学实用英语综合教程(第1册第2单元)

nullUnit2Unit2Ⅰ. ObjectivesⅡ. Suggested Teaching PlanⅢ. Background InformationⅣ. Class PresentationPreviewprev.prev.Preview This unit tells about people who invented new things and helped the development of our society. In the Listening and Speaking section, you will learn how to offer help and express willingness to help. In the Reading and Writing section, Text A tells the story of the blind young man who invented the Braille system; Text B tells how tomatoes become part of the American diet; and Practical Reading includes the copyright page of a book.Obj.Obj. grasp the basic skills necessary to offer help and express willingness to help; 2. understand the main ideas of Texts A and B, and master the useful sentence structures and words and expressions found in the relevant exercises of the texts; 3. know how to use the comparative degree and the superlative degree of adjectives and adverbs; 4. know how to fill in a book order form; 5. read the copyright page of a book; 6. understand the difference between the general idea and the details contained in an English paragraph.Ⅰ. ObjectivesAfter studying this unit, the students are expected to be able to s.t.p.1s.t.p.1Ⅱ. Suggested Teaching PlanSuggested Time and Teaching Plan for Unit 2 Time Contents Plan C.2 periodsPreview The teacher explains the Preview so the students will have some knowledge of what they are about to learn in this unit. Then the teacher asks the students to do the following:s.t.p.2s.t.p.2 1) Offering HelpListen to the short talk in Exercise 1 twice and then fill in the missing words;B. Listen to the whole short talk and then do Ex. 2;Go through the new words in the first conversation of Ex. 3 and then 2) Expressing Willingness to HelpTime Contents Plan s.t.p.3s.t.p.3Answer the questions about the conversation by way of group discussion or traditional teacher student interaction;B.D.Do Ex. 4 in pairs or groups.C. Go through the second conversation with the same steps as above;Time Contents Plan listen to the conversation twice while filling in the missing words;s.t.p.4s.t.p.4Time Contents Plan Before ending class, the teacher tells the students how to do Ex. 5-10 as their assignment. The teacher also tells the students that they should be prepared to answer the questions in Ex. 9 and give an oral presentation when they next come to class. 3) Listening Practices.t.p.5s.t.p.5Time Contents Plan 3 periods Review of the listening and speaking skills the students have learnedThe teacher asks some students to answer the questions in Ex. 9 of the Listening and Speaking section and invites a few others to give their opinions on “To live is to give.” Then the teacher turns to Text A. (This section should be completed in half a period.)s.t.p.5s.t.p.5Time Contents Plan Text A & text-related exercises The teacher organizes students in group discussion in order to name three inventions or discoveries that they think are the most important in human history, and explain the reasons; then asks one student from each group to1) Starters.t.p.6s.t.p.6report their discussion. If the students have difficulty doing this, the teacher can give them the information provided in the following Part III Background Information, and Some Famous Inventions and Discoveries. (half a period) 2) Text A The teacher Time Contents Plan s.t.p.7s.t.p.7A. lets the students answer the text related questions which they have prepared, helps them identify the main idea of each paragraph and analyzes some difficult sentences and some language points while discussing the whole text with the students; (one and a half periods)Time Contents Plan s.t.p.7s.t.p.7B. guides the students through the exercises, focusing on certain items or leaving some exercises as the students homework, according to the students different levels of English. (one period)Time Contents Plan 1 period Grammar Review 1) Grammar ReviewThe teacher talks about the use of the comparative degree and the superlative degree of adjectives and adverbss.t.p.8s.t.p.8Practical Writing and, at the same time, asks the students to do the grammar exercises in class.2) Practical WritingThe teacher tells as well as shows the students how to fill in an English book order form by doing Ex. 12 of Practical Writing, and then requires the students to complete the form in Ex. 13 and do Ex. 14 as well with his/her help.Time Contents Plan s.t.p.9s.t.p.9Time Plan Text B & text-related exercises Contents 1) Text BWhile discussing the text with the students, the teacher calls on the students to pay attention to the structure of the paragraphs of the text, introducing briefly the concept of the topic sentence. Ex.16 and Ex.17 can be done either in or after class.2 periods 2) Practical Reading This part should be read as homework by the students themselves.Practical Readings.t.p.10s.t.p.10Basic Reading Skills3) Basic Reading SkillsThe teacher makes the most of Texts A and B, analyzing and explaining some of the paragraphs in the texts and, at the same time, inviting students to analyze others.Time Plan Contents BIBIⅢ. Background InformationLouis Braille (1809－1852) BrailleThe Village of Coupvray The Braille Family HomeSome Famous InventionsSome Famous DiscoveriesBI-LouisBI-Louisfor Blind Youth in Paris (now the National Institution for Blind Youth) when he was 10. Braille was a good student, especially of science and music, and he became a church organist. He remained at the Institute as a teacher. There he developed his system of reading. (From the 1998 World Book Multimedia Encyclopedia)Louis Braille (1809—1852) Louis Braille was a blind Frenchman who invented the braille system of printing and writing for the blind. He was born near Paris. An accident at age 3 followed by a serious infection left him blind. He entered the Royal InstitutionBI-Braille-1BI-Braille-1Braille Braille is a code of small, raised dots on paper that can be read by touch. Louis Braille, a 15-year old blind French student, developed a raised dot reading system in 1824. The idea came to him from the dot code punched on cardboard that Captain Charles Barbier used to send messages to his soldiers at night. In 1829, Braille published a dot system, basing it on a “cell “of six dots. From the 63 possible arrangements of the dots, Braille worked out an alphabet, punctuation marks, numerals, and, later, a system for writing music. His code was not officially accepted at once. But later it won universal acceptance for all written languages and for mathematics, BI-Braille-1BI-Braille-1science, and computer notation. Blind people read braille by running their fingers along on the dots. They can write braille on a 6-key machine called a braillewriter, or with a pocket-size metal or plastic slate. Braille books are pressed from metal plates. The characters are stamped on both sides of the paper by a method called inter-pointing. Dots on one side of the page do not interfere with those printed on the other. In the early 1960’s, publishers began using computers to speed up production of braille books. The text is typed into a computer that automatically translates it into braille. The computer BI-Braille-2BI-Braille-2then transfers the raised braille figures onto paper or onto metal plates for use in a press. By another method, a vacuum braille former duplicates hand-transcribed braille pages on plastic sheets, which are then bound in volumes. (From the 1998 World Book Multimedia Encyclopedia)BI-Village-1BI-Village-1The Village of Coupvray The village of Coupvray is situated on the slopes of a grassy hill set between the Brie region of France and that of the Champagne province. In spite of the proximity of the Marne Valley, it retains even today the character of a rural village. One may still see the small brown-tiled roofs, the farmyards, the farmhouses and a village green surrounded by trees where are clustered together St. Pierre Church (where Louis Braille was christened on January 8, 1809), the village hall, and the monument set up in 1887 and topped by a bust of the inventor of the alphabet for the blind. The body of Louis Braille rested in the village cemetery till 1952. On his tomb canBI-Village-1BI-Village-1be seen a casket in which the remains of his hands are preserved — those hands which were the first in the world to finger the raised dots of the Braille alphabet. All around is still open country. Here and there amid the gardens and orchards, small grassy paths meander across the hillside. And, on the lower slopes, is an old wash-house with wooden posts and mossy tiles where the clear waters flow swiftly by, gently murmuring. (From www.blind.net/bg410002.htm)BI-cac1BI-cac1The Braille Family Home The Braille family home is in the lower part of Coupvray at the end of a small street which in the past went by the name of Knoll Street. It is a large solid house, built in the latter half of the 18th century and restored at various times since then. The Braille family also owned several farm buildings in the yard and on the opposite side of the street. A marble tablet was affixed in 1952 to the wall of the house facing the yard. The text, in French and English, reads: BI-cac2BI-cac2The Braille Family HomeIn this house on January 4, 1809 was born Louis Braille inventor of writing in raised dots for use of the blind. He opened the doors of knowledge to those who cannot see.(Picture from fbraille.com.uy /louisb/index.htm) (From www.blind.net/bg410002.htm)BI-inventions1BI-inventions1Some Famous Inventions Invention Year Inventor Papermaking（造纸术） 105AD Cai LunCompass （指南针） 3rd century AD unknownGunpowder（火药） 8th century AD unknownPrinting from movable type（活字印刷术） 1045AD Bi ShengDynamite（炸药） 1867 Alfred NobelTelephone（电话） 1876 Alexander Graham BellBI-inventions1BI-inventions1Some Famous Inventions Invention Year Inventor Incandescent lamp（白炽灯） 1879Thomas A. EdisonAirplane （飞机） 1903 the Wright brothersComputer（计算机） 1936 Konrad ZuseMicrowave oven（微波炉） 1947 Percy L. SpencerCredit card（信用卡） 1950 Frank McNamaraArtificial satellite（人造卫星） 1957 the former Soviet UnionCell phone （手机） 1973 Dr. Martin CooperBI-inventions2BI-inventions2Stanely Cohen and Herbert Boyer Invention Year Inventor The World Wide Web（万维网)The technique of DNA cloning（DNA克隆技术） 1973 1989-1991Tim Berners LeeBI-DiscoveriesBI-DiscoveriesCopernicus published his sun centered theory of the universe （哥白尼发日心说）. Discovery Year1543161017th century1905Some Famous DiscoveriesEinstein published his special theory of relativity（爱因斯坦发表狭义相对论）. Newton discovered gravity（牛顿发现万有引力）. Galileo discovered 3 large moons of Jupiter, supporting the Copernican theory （伽利略发现木星的三颗大卫星，证明了哥白尼的理论）. BI-DiscoveriesBI-Discoveries Discovery Year191619241928-1945Some Famous DiscoveriesFleming discovered penicillin（弗莱明发现青霉素）.Hubble identified a new galaxy（哈勃发现新星系）. Einstein published his general theory of relativity（爱因斯坦发表广义相对论）.Class list-mainClass list-mainⅣ. Class PresentationListening & SpeakingReading & WritingTime for FunClass list1Class list1Offering HelpExpressing Willingness to HelpListening PracticeListening & SpeakingCP-offering-1CP-offering-1A librarian is going to provide you with some information about the use of the library. Listen to the short talk carefully and fill in the blanks with the missing words. Offering Help1. This is our library. It’s well stocked (藏书). It’s open . You can borrow all the books in the library except the rarest(珍奇的) ones, or those that only here. You can borrow them for several days to several months, but must return themmust be readseven days a week___________________________CP-offering-1CP-offering-1 , or you’ll be charged(罚款) for overdue(过期的) books. It’s bad from(行为) to write in public books or mistreat(破坏) them . To use the library, you will have to show your student ID(学生证). By the way, you can go online(上网) here or read your textbooks in the evening. Enjoy your reading.by their due dates_______________in any way_________in the library__________in the reading room________________CP-offering-2CP-offering-22.Now help one of your classmates to use the library for the first time. Try to use the language you have just learned in Ex. 1.CP-help-1CP-help-13.Expressing Willingness to HelpBefore you listen to the first conversation, read the following words and expressions which may be new to you. straightforward 简单的terminal (电脑)终端periodical 期刊accounting 会计；会计学click on 点击database 数据库enter 输入author 作者title 书名wow (表示惊奇、 钦佩,欢乐) 哇I got it. 我明白了。CP-help-2CP-help-2Librarian: Yes? Is there anything ? Wang Ying: This is my first time in the library. Can you show me Librarian: Sure. It’s fairly straightforward. Let’s go over to a terminal and . Wang Ying: Thanks. Librarian: Here . Are you looking for a book or a periodical? Listen to the conversation twice and fill in the blanks with the missing words. Wang Ying: Excuse me. how to use the computer I can do for you__________________________________?I’ll show you __________you go______CP-help-3CP-help-3Wang Ying: A book on accounting. Librarian: Now you can the books database. Wang Ying: Now what? Librarian: You can enter or the title of the book. Wang Ying: OK. Wow! I got it. Thanks again . Librarian: .the author’s name_______________for you help__________Glad to help__________click on______CP-help-4CP-help-4Now listen to the conversation again and answer the following questions.1. What book is Wang Ying looking for?She’s looking for a book on accounting.2. Why is Wang Ying asking for help ?Because she uses the library for the first time.3. Has Wang Ying got the book? How? Yes, she has. She got it through the computer.4. Is it easy for Wang Ying to get her book? Why?Yes, it is. Because the librarian helps her find it through the computer.5. What do you think of the librarian? He’s helpful. CP-help-5CP-help-5Did you find all the books you neededLi Ming: ? Wang Ying: Most of them, but a couple were checked out._______________________________Listen to the conversation twice and fill in the blanks with the missing words. check out 借出 get used to 习惯于，适应于 Have a good read! = Enjoy your reading! See you around. 回头见。2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words which may be new to you.CP-help-6CP-help-6Li Ming: Wang Ying: Well, it was my first time, and I was a bit slow learning it. Li Ming: It takes a little getting used to. Wang Ying: That’s very kind of you, but I think I can manage. Li Ming: Wang Ying: Thanks. Li Ming: Wang Ying: You too. Bye. Li Ming; See you around. Did you have any trouble using the computerI know you are a fast learnerHave a good read_____________________________________?_________________________.________________!CP-help-7CP-help-7Now listen to the conversation again and answer the following questions.1. Where has Wang Ying been? She’s been to the library.2. Did Wang Ying get all the books she needed? No. She got most of them. 3. Did Wang Ying use the computer? What happened? Yes, she did, but she spent some time getting used to it.4. What did Li Ming try to do? He tried to be of help to her.5. What did Li Ming say about Wang Ying? He said that she was a fast learner.CP-help-8CP-help-84.Make a dialogue with one of your classmates, stating a problem, expressing willingness to help, asking someone to do something and offering help. You can use the structures given below for the task.Would you like me to (do)…? I could (do)… (for you), if you like. Do you want me to (do)…? Is there anything I can do for you? If there’s anything I can do, I’d be happy to help. Can I do anything? Can I help?Lp-mainLp-mainListen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing words. The talk is given twice. Listening PracticeListen to people talking and decide what they are talking about.Listen to five questions and choose the appropriate answers. Listen to five short dialogues and choose the appropriate answers.5768Lp-mainLp-mainListening PracticeListen to the talk again and then answer the following questions orally. Have an open discussion on the topic given below.910CP-lp1CP-lp1Listening PracticeListen to people talking and decide what they are talking about.1.A) Cake. B) Money.D) Help. W: I’d rather have another piece of cake, if I may. M: Certainly. Please help yourself. C) Coke. 5.CP-lp2CP-lp22.A. Weather.B) Lunch. C) Work.D) Time. M: Excuse me, do you have the correct time? W: Yes, it is just after twelve. CP-lp3CP-lp33.A) A method. B) A trip. C) A place.D) A city.W: What’s the best way to get from here to Beijing? M: By train, I believe. CP-lp4CP-lp44.Work. B) Future. D) Life. C) Help.W: Thanks for the help. M: That’s okay. Where would we be if we didn’t help each other? CP-lp5CP-lp55.A) A book. C) A play.B) A plan.D) A film.W: Did you see the end of the play? M: No, I only saw the beginning, the first few minutes. CP-lp6CP-lp61.A) Yes, please. B) Not too bad. D) Oh, pretty good.C) No, have a seat.Listen to five questions and choose the appropriate answers.6.Do you mind if I sit here? CP-lp7CP-lp72.C) It’s a pleasure.A) What a pity! B) Oh, not at all.D) That’s all right.Wang Ying is sick. CP-lp8CP-lp83.C) Yes, I like it. B) No, thanks.D) No, it was a lie.A) Yes, I do. Are you telling the truth?CP-lp9CP-lp94. Well, I’m glad to be of help. B) That’s very kind of you. C) That’s for sure. D) I’m ready.Shall we go now? CP-lp10CP-lp105.B) That’s what I want to say. C) Me, too. D) You bet.I tried, but no one answered. I thought you’d call. CP-lp11CP-lp111. A) Continuing to watch TV. B) Reading in the library. D) As usual. C) Going to the cinema.Listen to five short dialogues and choose the appropriate answers. 7.M: Well, we could always stay at home and watch TV? There’s a good film on tonight. W: Let’s do just that. Why didn’t we think of that before? Q: What are they doing tonight? CP-lp12CP-lp122. Right way. Surely he is. C) He’s not sure. D) Certainly not.W: You must take some rest. You’ve been working much too hard. M: But how can I? I’ll take the exam tomorrow. Q: Is the man going to take any rest? CP-lp13CP-lp133.A) An accountant. C) A salesman. D) A scientist. B) A technician.W: Come on, you really must think of the future. M: I’ll tell you what. I’d really like to be a technician. Q: What does the man want to be in the future? CP-lp14CP-lp144.The woman got a surprise. B) The man got a surprise. D) The man got sick.C) The woman got sick. M: What’s the matter? W: I don’t feel very well this morning. I’ve got a headache. Q: What can we learn from the conversation? CP-lp15CP-lp155.A) Because he caught a cold. B) Because he made a mis