Depressionandhowtobeatit,如何战胜抑郁症,多维教程探索

DepressionandHowtoBeatIt*Para7~Para10ByWangNo.B16-46**½Woman:20%½Man:10%*Atanygivenmoment,3%ofmenand6%ofwomenaredepressed.*Baby-boomersandbustersare3~6timesmorelikelytoreportadepressionthansomeonebornattheturnofthecentury.Reasons:1.Successivegenerationshavehigherexpectationsfromlifeandaremorelikelytobedisappointed;2.Familystabilitydiminished.*Manicdepression躁狂抑郁症Moodsswingfromwildeuphoriatodeepdespair.Chronichypomania慢性轻度躁狂Morelikelytohithighlyintelligentpeople.Before:extraordinaryenergy,remarkablecreativity,atalentforsynthesizingseeminglydisparatebitsofdata.After:depression70%ofthetimeandtowardmaniamostothertimes.*Whatcausesdepression?Depressionislikelytobecausedbyacomplexcombinationoffactors.*Physicalchangestothebrain–itisknownthatsomepartofadepressedbrainshowlessactivitythannormalwhenstimulated;somepartsofthebrainevenreduceinvolume.Neurotransmitters(神经递质)–thesechemicalmessengersinthebrainhavebeenimplicatedinthecauseofdepressionsincethe1970s.Acentralnervoussystemdisruptioninserotonin,norepinephrineanddopaminearethoughttobeadirectcauseofdepression.Hormones(荷尔蒙)–hormonechangesmaytriggerdepression.Hormonechangesareseeninthyroidproblems,menopauseandinotherconditions.Withchangesinnoradrenergic,dopaminergicandserotonergicneurotransmitterlevelstheorized.Biological*NeurotrophinTheparents,siblings,andchildrenofadepressedpersonarefourtimesmorelikelytogetdepressedthananonrelative.Depressedperson’sidenticaltwinisattentimestherisk.* Abuseofrecreationaldrugs-includingalcohol,amphetamines-canaccompanydepressionorresultinit.Thereisahighlevelofcomorbiditybetweendrugabuseanddepression.Someprescriptiondrugs-includingcorticosteroids,somebeta-blockers,interferon,andreserpine-canleadtodepression.**TreatmentsAntidepressantstoTreatDepressionSelectiveSerotoninReuptakeInhibitors(SSRIs)Thisclassincludessertraline;citalopram;escitalopram;paroxetine;fluoxetine;fluvoxamine.SSRIsare:themostcommonlyprescribedantidepressantsinAustraliaoftenadoctors'firstchoiceformosttypesofdepressiongenerallywelltoleratedbymostpeoplegenerallynon-sedating.SerotoninandNoradrenalinReuptakeInhibitors(SNRIs)Thisclassincludesvenlafaxine;desvenlafaxine;duloxetine.SNRIs:havefewersideeffectscomparedtotheolderantidepressantsareoftenprescribedforseveredepressionaresaferifapersonoverdoses.ReversibleInhibitorsofMonoAmineoxidase(RIMAs)Theclassincludesmoclobemide.RIMAs:havefewersideeffectsarenon-sedatingmaybelesseffectiveintreatingmoresevereformsofdepressionthanotherantidepressantsarehelpfulforpeoplewhoareexperiencinganxietyorsleepingdifficulties.TriCyclicAntidepressants(TCAs)Theclassincludesnortriptyline;clomipramine;dothiepin;imipramine;amitriptyline.TCAsare:effective,buthavemoreharmfulsideeffectsthannewerdrugs(i.e.SSRIs)morelikelytocauselowbloodpressure–sothisshouldbemonitoredbyadoctor.Noradrenaline-SerotoninSpecificAntidepressants(NaSSAs)Thisclassincludesmirtazapine.NaSSAsare:relativelynewantidepressantshelpfulwhenthereareproblemswithanxietyorsleepinggenerallylowinsexualsideeffects,butmaycauseweightgain.NoradrenalinReuptakeInhibitors(NARIs)Thisclassincludesreboxetine.NARIsare:designedtoactselectivelyononetypeofbrainchemical–noradrenalinlesslikelytocausesleepinessordrowsinessthansomeotherantidepressantsmorelikelyto:makeitdifficultforpeopletosleepcauseincreasedsweatingaftertheinitialdosescausesexualdifficultiesaftertheinitialdosescausedifficultyurinatingaftertheinitialdosescauseincreasedheartrateaftertheinitialdoses.MonoamineOxidaseInhibitors(MAOIs)Thisclassincludestranylcypromine.MAOIsareprescribedonlyunderexceptionalcircumstancesastheyrequireaspecialdietandhaveadverseeffects.*Psychologicaltreatments Physicaltherapygivesappropriatenon-drugtherapytothehumanbodytodealwiththepatients’painthroughthenatureofthephysicalfactors. Magneticfieldtherapy(磁场疗法) Alternativetherapy(替代性疗法) Experimentaltherapy(实验疗法) Reflexology(反射疗法) Exercisetherapy(运动疗法) Electroconvulsivetherapy(电痉挛疗法) Luminoustherapy(光疗),etc.PhysicalTreatmentSelfTreatmentComplementarytreatmentsLifestylechangesDepressiontreatmenttips:*THANKYOU!Depressionandhowtobeatit************SelectiveSerotoninReuptakeInhibitors(SSRIs)Thisclassincludessertraline;citalopram;escitalopram;paroxetine;fluoxetine;fluvoxamine.SSRIsare:themostcommonlyprescribedantidepressantsinAustraliaoftenadoctors'firstchoiceformosttypesofdepressiongenerallywelltoleratedbymostpeoplegenerallynon-sedating.SerotoninandNoradrenalinReuptakeInhibitors(SNRIs)Thisclassincludesvenlafaxine;desvenlafaxine;duloxetine.SNRIs:havefewersideeffectscomparedtotheolderantidepressantsareoftenprescribedforseveredepressionaresaferifapersonoverdoses.ReversibleInhibitorsofMonoAmineoxidase(RIMAs)Theclassincludesmoclobemide.RIMAs:havefewersideeffectsarenon-sedatingmaybelesseffectiveintreatingmoresevereformsofdepressionthanotherantidepressantsarehelpfulforpeoplewhoareexperiencinganxietyorsleepingdifficulties.TriCyclicAntidepressants(TCAs)Theclassincludesnortriptyline;clomipramine;dothiepin;imipramine;amitriptyline.TCAsare:effective,buthavemoreharmfulsideeffectsthannewerdrugs(i.e.SSRIs)morelikelytocauselowbloodpressure–sothisshouldbemonitoredbyadoctor.Noradrenaline-SerotoninSpecificAntidepressants(NaSSAs)Thisclassincludesmirtazapine.NaSSAsare:relativelynewantidepressantshelpfulwhenthereareproblemswithanxietyorsleepinggenerallylowinsexualsideeffects,butmaycauseweightgain.NoradrenalinReuptakeInhibitors(NARIs)Thisclassincludesreboxetine.NARIsare:designedtoactselectivelyononetypeofbrainchemical–noradrenalinlesslikelytocausesleepinessordrowsinessthansomeotherantidepressantsmorelikelyto:makeitdifficultforpeopletosleepcauseincreasedsweatingaftertheinitialdosescausesexualdifficultiesaftertheinitialdosescausedifficultyurinatingaftertheinitialdosescauseincreasedheartrateaftertheinitialdoses.MonoamineOxidaseInhibitors(MAOIs)Thisclassincludestranylcypromine.MAOIsareprescribedonlyunderexceptionalcircumstancesastheyrequireaspecialdietandhaveadverseeffects.**