商务英语专业四级考试术语解释

专业四级考试术语解释1.globalcompany:跨国公司--acompanythatintegratesitsinternationalbizactivities--Amultinationalcorporationormultinationalenterpriseisanorganization,thatownedorcontrolsproductionsofgoodsorservicesinoneormorecountriesotherthanthehomecountry.（维基百科）2.jointventure:合资企业--apartnershipthatisformedbytwoormorepartiescooperatinginsomespecialbizactivities.·abusinessorprojectinwhichtwoormorecompaniesorindividualshaveinvested,withtheintentionofworkingtogether.（柯林斯词典）3.merger&acquisition:并购--combiningoftwoormoreentitiesthroughthedirectacquisitionbythenetassetsoftheother.·transactionsinwhichtheownershipofcompanies,otherbusinessorganizationsortheiroperatingunitsaretransferredorcombined.4.distributionchannel:分销渠道；销售渠道--alltheorganizationsandpeopleinvolvedinthephysicalmovementofgoodsandservicesfromproducertoconsumer.5.listedcompany:上市公司--acompanywhoseshareshavebeenquotedbytheStockExchange.--Apubliccompany,publiclytradedcompany,publiclyheldcompany,publiclylistedcompany,orpubliccorporationisacorporationwhoseownershipisdispersedamongthegeneralpublicinmanysharesofstockwhicharefreelytradedonastockexchangeorinoverthecountermarkets场外交易市场.（维基百科）6.Industrialcomplex:工业生产基地--amanufacturingareathatconsistsofmanydifferentfactoriesturningoutdifferentproducts.7.brandrecognition:品牌认知（度）；品牌识别--aproductorproductsthathasorhavebeenrecognizedandappreciatedbylocalconsumers.8.specialtyshop:专卖店--anoutletthatdealsinorsellsaparticularlineofproducts.9.householdname家喻户晓的名字--abrand,person,company,etc.thatisknowntoallorverypopularinaplace.10.loss-maker:亏损企业--abizthatcontinuallymakesnoprofit.11.homecountry:祖国，母国--thecountryonwhichamultinationalcorporation’sHQsisbased.12.quota:配额，定额，限额--arestrictiononthequantityofimportsofaparticularproductthatacountryimpose.13.marketeconomy:市场经济--aneconomyinwhichthemarketisusedtodetermineresourceallocation,prices,andinvestments.14.neweconomy:新经济--adifferentformofeconomythatismainlysupportedbyITsectorandcharacterizedbyknowledge-basedeconomyinsteadofmanufacturing.·aneconomicsystemthatisbasedoncomputersandmoderntechnology,andisthereforedependentoneducatedworkers.（朗文词典）15.laborforce:劳动力--allofthepeopleinacountryorinaregionthatareemployedorarelikelytobeemployedinthefuture.16.bubbleeconomy:--aneconomythatprimarilydependsonbanking,financialmarketandothertransient短暂的operation.17.venturecapital:风险资本--fundsthatareinvestedinnewplantsorhi-techstartupsopentolargeriskofloss.·Venturecapitaliscapitalthatisinvestedinprojectsthathaveahighriskoffailure,butthatwillbringlargeprofitsiftheyaresuccessful.（柯林斯词典）18.bizcycle:商业周期--Aperiodoftimethatabizgoesthroughconsistsoffourstages---boom繁荣,recession衰退,depression萧条,recovery复苏.19.stockmarket:股票交易；证券市场，股票市场--astockexchangethatdealsinstocksandshares.·thebusinessofbuyingandsellingstocksandshares.·aplacewherestocksandsharesareboughtandsold（.朗文词典）20.productlifecycle:产品生命周期--atheorystatingthatcertainkindsofproductsgothroughacycleconsistingoffourstages,namely,introduction投入期,growth成长期,maturity饱和期anddecline衰退期.21.Seedmoney=seedcapital启动资金--theinitialequitycapital股本usedtostartanewventureorbiz.--themoneyyouhaveavailabletostartanewbusiness.（朗文词典）22.liquidity流动资产--availablecashorthecapacitytoobtainitondemand.·Infinance,acompany'sliquidityistheamountofcashorliquidassetsithaseasilyavailable.资产折现力23.exchangerate汇率--theamountofonecurrencythatcanbeboughtwithanother.--thevalueofthemoneyofonecountrycomparedtothemoneyofanothercountry。24.multinationalcompany跨国公司--averylargeorganizationthatownscompaniesinmorethanonecountryinordertoobtainlow-costrawmaterialsandmakeefficientuseofalocalworkforce.25.moneymarket货币市场，金融市场--theinstitutionsandpracticesthroughwhichshort-termfundsarechanneledtoborrowersandentrepreneurs.·Acountry'smoneymarketconsistsofallthebanksandotherorganizationsthatdealwithshort-termloans,capital,andforeignexchange.（柯林斯词典）·allthebanksandotherinstitutionsthatbuy,sell,lend,orborrowmoney,especiallyforeignmoney,forprofit.（朗文词典）26.collateral担保物，抵押品--propertyoranitemofvalueacceptableassecurity抵押品foraloanorotherobligation.被接受作为抵押或其他义务担保的财产·propertyorothergoodsthatyoupromisetogivesomeoneifyoucannotpaybackthemoneytheylendyou.（朗文词典）27.Dow-JonesIndustrialAverage道琼斯工业平均指数--anindexofthesharepricesquotedontheNewYorkStockExchangeforagroupof30leadingindustrialcompanies.28.Bluechip蓝筹股，优质股票--astockthatsellsathighpricebecauseofpublicconfidenceinitslongrecordofsteadyearnings.29.Nasdaq:纳斯达克--nationalassociationofsecuritiesdealersautomatedquotations.全国证券交易商自动报价系统协会--TheNasdaqStockMarketisanAmericanstockexchange.Itisthesecond-largestexchangeintheworldbymarketcapitalization,behindonlytheNewYorkStockExchange纽约证券交易所locatedinthesamecity.（维基百科）30.(insurance)policy保险单--theprintedlegaldocumentstatingthetermsofinsurancecontractthatisissuedtothepolicyholder投保人bycompany31.publicrelations公共关系，公关--PR,theactivityofkeepinggoodrelationshipsbetweenanorganizationandthepeopleoutsideit.32.depression:萧条，不景气--aperiodofdrasticdeclineinanationalorinternationaleconomy,characterizedbydecreasingbizactivity,fallingprices,andunemployment.国家（或国际）经济不景气的一段时期，其特征是商业活动减少、价格下降、失业。33.Tradedeficit贸易赤字--importsminusexportsofgoodsandservices.34.Speculation投机--engagementsinriskybiztransactionsonthechancesofquickorconsiderableprofit35.Valueaddedtax增值税--anindirecttaximposedonconsumptionthatisreflectiveoftheincremental 增值·increasesonthevalueofgoodsthroughthechainofproduction,fromtherawmaterialphasetofinalconsumption.增值税是向消费征收的间接税，它反映了商品从原到最终消费的整个生产过程中的增加值。36.Fairtrade公平贸易--tradethatconformstoafair-tradeagreement37.Subsidy补贴--apaymentorcontributionpaidforthemanufacture,production,orexportofagoodorproduct.--financialbenefitdirectorindirectfromgovernmenttoproducersorexporters.38.Rebate减税，折扣--adeductionfromanamounttobepaidorareturnofpartofanamountgiveninpayment.39.taxexemption免税--thefreedomforhavingtopaytax40.FDI外国直接投资--thefundscommittedtoaforeignenterprise.Aninvestorwhobuys10percentormoreofthecontrollingsharesofaforeignenterprisemakesadirectinvestment.Theinvestormaygainpartialortotalcontroloftheenterprise.41.freetrade自由贸易--tradebetweennationswithoutprotectivecustomstariff.42.tariff关税--dutiesoradutyimposedbyagovernmentonimportedorexportedgoods.43.globalization全球化--theincreasingworldwideintegrationofmarketsforgoods,servicesandcapitalthatattractedspecialattentioninthelate1990s.44.anti-dumpingduty反倾销税--tariffleviedondumpedimports.45.tradebarrier贸易壁垒--anybarrierthatmayimpedetheimportofgoods,suchasquota,testingorcertification.46.importsubstitution 进口替代--astrategywhichemphasizesthereplacementofimportswithdomesticallymadegoods,ratherthantheproductionofgoodsforexport,toencouragethedevelopmentofdomesticindustry.47.arbitration仲裁--theprocessbywhichthepartiestoadisputesubmittheirdifferencestothejudgmentofanimpartialpersonoragroupappointedbymutualconsentorstatutoryprovision（指定条款）48.balancesheet资产负债,缩写B.S.--afinancialstatementthatreportstheassetsandequitiesofacompanyataparticulartime.一个公司或机构在指定日期的资产、负债和所有者投资的列表说明。49.return收益--aprofitoryield,asfromlabororinvestment.50.cashflow现金流--Thecashreceiptsornetincomefromoneormoreassetsforagivenperiod,reckonedaftertaxesandotherdisbursements,andoftenusedasameasureofcorporateworth.现金流出量：在特定的一段时间内来自一项或数项财产，扣除税收和其它支付金额外所得的现金收入或净收入，常用来衡量公司的价值51.labor-intensive劳动密集型--requiringorhavingalargeexpenditureoflaborincomparisontocapital52.netearnings净收益，净盈利--thenetprofitafterallcostsandexpenseshavebeendeducted.53.productivity生产力--therateatwhichgoodsorservicesareproduced,especiallyoutputperunitoflabor.54.marketshare市场份额--theproportionoftotalsalesvolumesofacertainmarketthatacompanycaptures.55.workforce劳动力,工人总数:thegroupofpeoplewhoworkinanindustry,company,country.56.incomedisparity:inequalityinincomedistribution.57.equity资产，股本:commonstock普通股andpreferredstock优先股whichrepresentownershiptoabizorganization58.outsource外协生产:tofarmout包出(work,forexample)toanoutsideproviderormanufacturerinordertocutcost.外界供应：为缩减开支而把（如工作）包给外界的供应者或生产者59.leadtime订货至交货的时间--theperiodoftimebetweentheactualorderingofpartsorequipmentandthedeliveryofthem.60.acquisition收购--whenacompanytakesoveranotheroneandclearlybecomesthenewowner,thepurchaseiscalledanacquisition,alsocalledtakeoverorbuyout.61.initialpublicoffering(IPO)首次公开发行--privatecompany’sfirstofferofitsstocktothepublic62.merger合并--theunionorcombinationoftwoormorecommercialinterestsorcorporations.63.liquiditysqueeze流动性短缺，头寸紧张--financialpressurecausedbyshortagesofnarrowingeconomicmargins.·areductioninthegeneralavailabilityofloans(orcredit)orasuddentighteningoftheconditionsrequiredtoobtainaloanfromthebanks.（维基百科）64.reversemerger(借壳上市)--itisaspecialkindofacquisitionthatenablesaprivatecompanytogetpublicly-listedinarelativelyshorttimeperiod.Areversemergeroccurswhenaprivatecompanythathasstrongprospectsandiseagertoraisefinancingbuysapublicly-listedshellcompany(空壳公司)。65.horizontalmerger横向合并--twocompaniesthatareindirectcompetitioninthesameproductslineandmarketsmerger.verticalmerger纵向合并--mergingwithacompanywithdifferentstageofproductionprocess,forinstance,acarmakermergingwithapartssupplier.66.realestate不动产，房地产--Land,includingallthenaturalresourcesandpermanentbuildingsonit.土地，包括土地上的所有自然资源和永久性建筑67.hedgefund对冲基金公司--aninvestmentcompanythatuseshigh-risktechniques,suchasborrowingmoneyandsellingshort,inanefforttomakeextraordinarycapitalgains.68.GNP:thetotalmarketvalueofaggregategoodsandservicesproducedbyanationduringaspecifiedperiod,especiallyayear.69.returnoninvestment(ROI)投资回报率--aprofitoryieldfrominvestment.70.bullmarket牛市--amarket,especiallysecuritiesmarket,thatisgoinguporexpectedtogoup.Bearmarket熊市--ageneraldeclineinthestockmarketoveraperiodoftime.（维基百科）真正好的朋友，从来不需要这些表面功夫。走在这漫漫俗尘，形如微尘的我们，每天忙碌的像只蝼蚁，哪有时间去整那些虚假的表面文章。那些沉淀在岁月里的真情实意，哪一个不是无事各自忙，有事时，却又从不问回报几何的真心相助？至于那些平日里看上去可以一起打闹，一起吃喝，一起厮混，看似好成一片的人，或许，只是你在多少次的四目相对之时，动了真心，存了真义，是你默默认定对方可称朋友，有困难的时候是你愿意伸以援手，但未必对方一样。多少看似热情的人，内心是薄情的。而多少看似淡漠的人，内心实则一片温热。那些表面热诚的人，总是相安无事各自好，一旦你有事需要援助，别说大事，就是小事需代劳，你都会发现原来不过情比纸薄，对方远比你自己想的要现实的多。有些人，自从与你接近，内心就存有一份自己的打算。定是你于他而言，多少有些可用之处。正所谓无事献殷勤，非奸即盗。在这个功利心弥漫的世态下，没有哪一份意外的热情不无所图。不仅是职场如此，男人如此，就连女人也不能免俗。接孩子的时候，被困高层电梯下不来，一个电话打来，希望能帮忙照看一下放学的孩子。实在的人总是把别人毫不见外的信任，当作是一种荣幸，于是想都不用想就能一口答应。可当你有事需要对方只是代笔签个字这样的举手之劳时，对方都能各种不情愿各种推脱，至此你终是发现，原来人与人之间真不是一杯换一盏的事儿。关键时刻，还是得找那些看似平时不联系，但一开口能力范围之内就愿意为你想办法的人。多少人天真的以为，认识的人越多，人脉就越广，自己就越厉害，其实，那些所谓的人脉，不过廉价。倘若你没有同等的利用价值，谁会与你建立起所谓的交际？最是谈钱伤感情，也最是感情不值钱。别结识了比自己优秀比自己有能力的人，就觉得有了依靠有了光环，自己不足够优秀，结识谁都没有用。在你困难需求的时候，你开口求助，能够推脱敷衍那算给面子，对你闭门不见佯装不熟也是情理之中。日久见人心，患难见真情。平时是平时，别把平时当真情。这世上多少人变脸如翻书，有求于你一个样，各自安好一个样，最是有求于他嘴脸陋，让你瞬间就明白，何谓人情凉薄。随着年龄的增长，人心的不再纯澈，人与人之间的交往就不再那么的纯粹而真心了。也正是因为如此，才更要珍惜那些默默守护在你生活中的朋友。别看平时忙的少有见面，少有聊天，就连微信，都少有私信。但有事儿的时候，只一声招呼，谁能出力都会挺身而出，义不容辞。真正好的朋友，从来不需要这些表面功夫。走在这漫漫俗尘，形如微尘的我们，每天忙碌的像只蝼蚁，哪有时间去整那些虚假的表面文章。那些沉淀在岁月里的真情实意，哪一个不是无事各自忙，有事时，却又从不问回报几何的真心相助？至于那些平日里看上去可以一起打闹，一起吃喝，一起厮混，看似好成一片的人，或许，只是你在多少次的四目相对之时，动了真心，存了真义，是你默默认定对方可称朋友，有困难的时候是你愿意伸以援手，但未必对方一样。多少看似热情的人，内心是薄情的。而多少看似淡漠的人，内心实则一片温热。那些表面热诚的人，总是相安无事各自好，一旦你有事需要援助，别说大事，就是小事需代劳，你都会发现原来不过情比纸薄，对方远比你自己想的要现实的多。有些人，自从与你接近，内心就存有一份自己的打算。定是你于他而言，多少有些可用之处。正所谓无事献殷勤，非奸即盗。在这个功利心弥漫的世态下，没有哪一份意外的热情不无所图。不仅是职场如此，男人如此，就连女人也不能免俗。接孩子的时候，被困高层电梯下不来，一个电话打来，希望能帮忙照看一下放学的孩子。实在的人总是把别人毫不见外的信任，当作是一种荣幸，于是想都不用想就能一口答应。可当你有事需要对方只是代笔签个字这样的举手之劳时，对方都能各种不情愿各种推脱，至此你终是发现，原来人与人之间真不是一杯换一盏的事儿。关键时刻，还是得找那些看似平时不联系，但一开口能力范围之内就愿意为你想办法的人。多少人天真的以为，认识的人越多，人脉就越广，自己就越厉害，其实，那些所谓的人脉，不过廉价。倘若你没有同等的利用价值，谁会与你建立起所谓的交际？最是谈钱伤感情，也最是感情不值钱。别结识了比自己优秀比自己有能力的人，就觉得有了依靠有了光环，自己不足够优秀，结识谁都没有用。在你困难需求的时候，你开口求助，能够推脱敷衍那算给面子，对你闭门不见佯装不熟也是情理之中。日久见人心，患难见真情。平时是平时，别把平时当真情。这世上多少人变脸如翻书，有求于你一个样，各自安好一个样，最是有求于他嘴脸陋，让你瞬间就明白，何谓人情凉薄。随着年龄的增长，人心的不再纯澈，人与人之间的交往就不再那么的纯粹而真心了。也正是因为如此，才更要珍惜那些默默守护在你生活中的朋友。别看平时忙的少有见面，少有聊天，就连微信，都少有私信。但有事儿的时候，只一声招呼，谁能出力都会挺身而出，义不容辞。