Alevel 经济试卷试题

1Whatisareasonwhyfirmsmakingsimilarproductssometimeslocateneareachother?AcompetitionisdecreasedBthereareexternaleconomiesofscaleCthereareinternaleconomiesofscaleDtransportcostsmaybeeliminated2Thediagramsrepresenttotalcostcurves(TC)offourfirmsintheshortrun.Whichfirmhasonlyfixedcosts?3Toachievehorizontalintegrationarecordcompanyproducingcompactdiscs(CDs)couldmergewithanotherfirm.Whatwouldthisfirmmostlikelybedoing?AowningshopssellingCDsBproducingCDsCproducingCDplayersDproducingmachineryusedinthemakingofCDs4Whatisadifferencebetweenamonopolyandaperfectlycompetitivefirm?AAmonopolyalwayshaseconomiesofscaleandaperfectlycompetitivefirmhasdiseconomiesofscale.BAmonopolyalwaysoperatesinthepublicsectorandaperfectlycompetitivefirmalwaysoperatesintheprivatesector.CAmonopolyisapricemakerandaperfectlycompetitivefirmisapricetaker.DAmonopolyseekstomaximiseprofitsandaperfectlycompetitivefirmseekstomaximiseoutput.5Anentrepreneurstartedasmallbusinessmakingcandles.Inthefirstmonth1000candlesweremade.ThecostswereWhatweretheaveragevariablecostsforthemonth?A$1.00B$1.80C$1.90D$2.006Whichaimofgovernmentpolicyismostlikelytobeachievedbyanincreaseininterestrates?AeconomicgrowthBgreaterequalityofincomeCfullemploymentDpricestability7Whymightagovernmentencourageamonopoly?AItcanhavehighaveragecosts.BItcancompeteagainstforeignfirms.CItcanpreventinnovation.DItcanmakeexcessiveprofits.8Whichcombinationofgovernmentpoliciesismostlikelytobesuccessfulatreducingunemployment?AbudgetingforasurplusandloweringinterestratesBbudgetingforadeficitandraisinginterestratesCbudgetingforasurplusandraisinginterestratesDbudgetingforadeficitandloweringinterestrates9Agovernmentwishestoraisethegeneralstandardoflivinginitscountry.Intheshortrun,whichpolicywouldbethemostlikelytoachievethisaim?ApreventingthemergeroftwocompaniesintoamonopolyBraisingtaxationtorepaygovernmentdebtsCreducingtherateofincometaxwhilemaintainingtheservicesitprovidesDspendingmoreonroadsinruralareasratherthanincitycentres10SamwrotealistofhowhewouldprefertospendhisSaturdayafternoon.Unfortunatelyathunderstormcausedthecricketmatchandthetownparadetobecancelled.Samwenttothecinema.Whatwastheopportunitycostofgoingtothecinema?AgoingtothecricketmatchBwatchingthetownparadeCvisitinghisrelativesDlosinghisSaturdayfreetime11Howdoesaproductionpossibilitycurveshowthatscarcityexists?AItshowsthatariseindemandforoneoftheproductsincreasesitsprice.BItshowsthatasmoreresourcesareusedtoproduceaproduct,itspricerises.CItshowsthatatanypointoutsidetheproductionpossibilitycurveaneconomyiswastingresources.DItshowsthatthereisalimittothequantityofproductsthatcanbeproducedwithexistingresourcesandtechnology.12Inwhichcaseisitpossibletosetthelevelofreward,beforeproductiontakesplaceforthefirstfactorofproductionbutnotforthesecond?13Inthe2016OlympicsinBrazil,theopeningceremonywilltakeplaceintheMaracanaStadium,whichcanseat82000spectators.Itisexpectedthatallticketsfortheceremonywillbesoldquickly,leavingmanypeopledissatisfied.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthis?APriceelasticityofdemandforticketswillbeperfectlyelastic.BSomepeoplewillbeabletoreselltheirticketsatahigherpricethantheypaidforthem.CTheOlympicauthoritywillmakemoreticketsavailableforsale.DThiswillbeanexampleofmarketfailure.14Thediagramsshowdifferentconditionsofdemandandsupplyforaproduct.Inwhichdiagramwouldmarketpriceremainunchangedifconsumers’incomesfell?15In2011,acompanysellingmilkinglassbottlesreplacedthemwithnewplasticbottles.Whentheywereintroduced,theequilibriumquantityonthemarketfell.Whatcouldbeareasonforthisfall?AConsumerspreferredthenewbottlebecauseitwaslightertocarry.BMilkfromthefarmsusedtofillthebottlecostmore.CThebottlewascheaperthantheexistingglassbottletoproduce.DThenewbottlewasintroducedwithasuccessfuladvertisingcampaign.16Whichchangewouldmakethesupplyofaproductmorepriceelastic?AanincreaseinthenumberofclosesubstitutesfortheproductBanincreaseintheproportionoffirmsworkingatfullcapacityCareductioninthetimetakentomaketheproductDareductioninthetimethattheproductcanbestored17Developerswanttoincreasethesizeofamajorretailshoppingareainacity.Itisthoughtthattheproposalwouldcreatehundredsofjobs,beprofitablefortheshopsbutcausemajortrafficcongestion.Whateconomicconceptsareinvolvedinthisstatement?AexternalcostandprivatebenefitBincomedistributionandinelasticdemandCprivateinvestmentandadecreaseinsupplyDsocialbenefitandperfectcompetition18Whichwillencouragedomesticproducerstogrowmoremaize?AgrantingsubsidiestomaizeproducersBincreasingthesalestaxonmaizeCremovingguaranteedminimumpricesformaizeDremovingquotasonimportedmaize19Whatwillbethemostlikelyeffectofafallininterestratesonsavingandborrowing?20Whenwillatradeunionfinditeasiertoachievehigherwagesforitsmembers?AwhenconsumersdemandmoreoftheproductmadeBwhenthecompanyhasadecreaseinprofitsCwhenthecostofrawmaterialsincreasesDwhenunemploymentincreases21Whatmightbeadirectbenefittotheindividualworkerofaspecialisedjob?ASpecialisationenablesabetterqualityproducttobeproduced.BSpecialisationenablesthefirmtointroducemoremachinery.CSpecialisationenablestheworkertobecomemoreskilled.DSpecialisationmakesbetteruseofresources.22Thetableshowsthechangeinrealincomesforanumberofoccupationsbetween1978and2008.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthetable?AAlloccupationswerebetteroffin2008thanin1978.BFork-lifttruckdriversearnedthelowestwagesin2008.CDoctorshaveearnedmorethanlawyerssince1978.DProfessionalsreceivedhigherpercentageincreasesinincomethanmanualworkers.23Whichfunctionofmoneyenablespeopletocomparetheworthofdifferentproducts?AmediumofexchangeBstandardfordeferredpaymentsCstoreofvalueDunitofaccount24Whichofthefollowingcouldnotbeareasonforimposingtariffsonimportedgoods?AtoencourageselfsufficiencyBtolowerthegeneralpricelevelwithintheeconomyCtoprotectagrowingdomesticindustryDtoreduceabalanceoftradedeficit25WhichofthefollowingisanexportofJamaica?AaloantoJamaicabytheInternationalMonetaryFundBJamaicanholidaystakenbyAmericantouristsCdividendspaidbyacompanyinJamaicatoitsAmericanshareholdersDsalesofJapanesecarsinJamaica26Adevelopingcountry’stwomajorsourcesofincomefrominternationaltradearefishingandtourism.Ifthecountry’sexchangeratedepreciated,whatislikelytohappen?AImportedgoodswouldbecomecheaperforlocalpeople.BThecountrywoulddefinitelybecomepoorer.CThepriceoffishsoldasexportswouldbecomecheaper.DTouriststothecountrywouldbediscouragedbyhigherprices.27Insomedevelopingcountriesalargepercentageofthepopulationisinvolvedinsubsistencefarming.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthis?AEachfamilywillbeabletoproduceenoughtoliveon.BProductionisunlikelytobecapitalintensive.CProductionwillbeefficient.DTherewillbeahighleveloftrade.28Acountryhasafallingbirthrateandarisingdeathratewhileanincreasingnumberofitsworkingageadults(16-60years)areseekingemploymentabroad.Howwillthisprobablyaffectthenumbersinthedifferentagegroupsinthecountry?29Whichwouldbestindicatethestartofaneconomicrecession?AfallinginterestratesBfluctuatinglevelsofemploymentCnegativegrowthofGDPDsteadilyincreasingpricelevels30ThetableshowsthechangeinthelabourforceinBangladeshbetween2006and2009.Whichstatementismostlikelytobeconsistentwiththesestatistics?AFarmingisthemajoremployerintheeconomy.BMaleworkersaremoremobilethanfemaleworkers.CTheabsoluteincreaseinthelabourforceisgreaterinurbanareasthanruralareas.DThesupplyoffemaleworkershasfallen.