学术论文常用词汇

公司内部档案编码：[OR-OPPT28-OPPTL98-OPPNN08]学术论文常用词汇学术论文常用词汇学术论文的语言表达一、时态时态是个比较复杂的问题虽然有一般的规则但往往在实际文章中很难把握总体的规则已在前边讲过需要重申的是在同一段落中要避免时态跳跃详见学术论文的写作最常见的描述一般现象的时态是一般现在时有时也用一般过去时或一般将来时需要注意的语法Inrecentyears作时间状语时通常要用完成时Inrecentyears,Pleschandcoworkershaveconcludedthatmanyso-calledcationicpolymerizationsdonotproceedthroughintermediatesofanionicnature.二、数词数也有其复杂化特别是在学术论文里有是很难顾及数上的逻辑但一般不将逻辑上的问题视为语法错误只须注意在一个句子中的数和谓语动词的统一即可以下是需要注意的语法不规则变化的单复数单数复数criterioncriteria依据phenomenonphenomena现象mediummedia介质radiusradii半径indexindices指数appendixappendices附录stimulusstimuli刺激basisbases基础2synthesissyntheses合成matrixmatrices基体Novelbiomaterialswithimproved,specificbiologicalactionarebeingdevelopedusingpolymersthatareresponsivetoenvironmentalstimuli.一些数有特殊性的名词data,kinetics通常作复数名词research,work:不可数名词ThedatainTable1areobtainedfromthereactionsatdifferenttemperatures.Thekineticsofpolymerizationwithineachdropletarethesameasthoseforthecorrespondingbulkpolymerization.Muchresearchhasbeendonetoredirectthetropismofretrovirusesbyengineeringtheenvelopeglycoprotein.Mostresearchonpoly(orthoesters)hasfocusedonthesynthesisofpolymers.一些结构的数<主谓的统一>oneof复数名词单数noneof复数名词复数noneof单数名词/不可数名词单数no复数名词复数no单数名词/不可数名词单数akindof单数名词单数this/thatkindof单数名词单数thesekindsof复数名词复数复数名词ofthis/thatkind复数sort与kind类似atypeof单数名词单数aseriesof复数名词复数aclassof复数名词复数thenumberof复数名词单数anumberof复数名词复数Ara-Cisoneofmostimportantantitumoragents,especiallyusedinthetreatmentofvariousleukaemias.Oneofpossibilitiesforenhancingthepharmacologicalpropertiesistolinkittoacarrier.Biocompatibilityisoneofthemaincriteriafortheselectionofaparticularbiomaterial.3Controlleddrugdeliverytechnologyrepresentsoneofmostrapidadvancingareasofscienceinwhichchemistsarecontributingtohumanhealthcare.Severalmodelshavebeenproposedbutnoneappeartobegenerallyapplicable.Noneofthepresentlyusedonesareappliedrigorously.Thusfarnostudieshaveconclusivelydemonstratedlong-termvalueofanyofthecardiacgenetherapapproaches.Thistypeofterminationisoftenreferredtoasspontaneoustermination.Anumberofpolymerbackbonesthatarepotentiallydegradablearedetailedinthetext.ThenumberofmechanismswhichhavebeenproposedtoexplainthestereopecificityofZiegler-Nattacatalysts.*Thenumberof复数名词:整个做主语时谓语应为单数;但此句的动词have是从句的谓语而从句是形容mechanisms.在其它的从句谓语中也是同样如:Oneofthemechanismswhichhavebeen……Aseriesoftelomersreportedintable1werethensynthesized.Adiverserangeofmechanismshavebeendeveloped.Polymersareapromisingclassofbiomaterialsthatcanbeengineeredtomeetspecificend-userequirements.Themostimportantclassofpoly(amides)forcontrolledreleasearethepoly(aminoacids).Themajorityofpoly(anhydrides)arepreparedbymelt-condensationpolymerization.Awidevarietyofnaturalandsyntheticpolymershavebeenusedtofabricatetissue-engineeringmatrices.后面通常要用复数名词对可数名词而言variousdifferentmostallmanyseveraloneofmanyofkindsofanumberofthenumberofa(wide)varietyofaclassofaseriesofawiderangeofDozensofdifferenttypesofreceptorsarepresentontheaveragemammaliancell.4Inanumberofspecialapplications.contactlensesandskin-graftingmaterials),additionalrequirementssuchastransparencyshouldbeconsideredwhenselectingapolymer.Manyofthesetransmembraneproteinsarereceptors.Somepolymersarehighlycrystallineprimarilybecausetheirstructureisconductivetopacking,whileothersarecrystallineprimarilybecauseofthesecondaryforces.Forstillotherpolymers,bothfactorsmaybefavorableforcrystallization.形容可数名词的量词afewmanyanumberof形容不可数名词的量词agreat/small/certainamountofagreat/gooddealof形容可数和不可数名词均可的量词alotoflotsofAlthoughafewpolymersmaybecompletelyamorphousandafewcompletelycrystalline,mostpolymersarepartiallyorsemi-crystallineincharacter.TheuseofIPNshasreceivedagreatdealofattentioninrecentyearsanddifferentkindsofIPNhavebeensynthesizedwithdifferentcompositions.Themajoramountofworkonsizedistributionshasbeenonpolyestersandpolyimides.Asizeableamountworkhasbeenpublishedonthecopolymerizationsofvariouscyclicmonomers.以下结构的谓语的数由前一个决定,aswellas……由较靠近谓语动词的决定notonly……butalso……either……or……neither……nor……三、冠词冠词是最易犯错误的地方一定要注意否则编辑的负担极重因为每句话都会用到冠词最普通的规则如下单数名词前一般要加冠您身边的论文好秘书：您的原始资料与构思,我按您的意思整理成优秀论文论着,并安排出版发表，、4自信我会是您人生路上不可或缺的论文好秘书词a,the等但有些情况可不加复数名词前一般可不加冠词也可加the,these,those.5Themolecularweightofapolymerisofprimeimportanceinitssynthesisandapplication.TherateconstantcanbeexpressedbyanArrheniustyperelationshipK=Ae-E/RTWhereAisthecollisionfrequencyfactor,EtheArrheniusactivationenergy,andTtheKelvintemperature.AplotoflnKversus1/TallowsthedeterminationofbothEandAfromtheslopeandintercept,respectively.Whenawater-insolubleoronlyslightlywater-solublemonomerisadded,averysmallfractiondissolvesandgoesintosolution.Alargebutstillsmallportionofthemonomerenterstheinteriorhydrocarbonpartofthemicelles.Thelargestportionofthemonomerisdispersedasmonomerdroplets.被修饰的名词前要加the:Therehasbeenarapidlyincreasingeffortinthelasttentofifteenyearstowardthesynthesisofnewpolymerswithmarkedlyhighertemperatureresistancethanthosepreviouslyavailable.Thecatalystsusuallymustbepreparedatthelowtemperaturessincemostofthembecomeheterogeneouswhenpreparedatorwarmeduptothetemperaturesaboveabout-40.四从句分词不定式这些是写作时常用且必须用到的结构一定要掌握在学术论文中从句分词不定式通常用来作修饰Applicationsintherelativelynewfieldoftissueengineering,wherepolymersareusedtoassistregenerationofthree-dimensionaltissuestructures,aremoreandmoreintegratedwithbiologicaldemands.Therearethreegeneralsyntheticapproachesthathavebeenusedtoproducepolymerswithincreasedthermalstability.Ifcertainsymmetryrequirementsaremet,themoleculesareabletopackintoanordered,latticearrangementandcrystallizationoccurs.ThetemperatureatwhichthisoccursisTm.Thereareatleasttwomechanismsthroughwhichtheinfectivityofavectorcanbeblocked.Biodegradablepolymerscontainingˋhydrolysableˊgroupsintheirchains,whicharesusceptibletobiodegradationtolowmolecularweight,nontoxicproducts,havealsobeenconsideredforcontrolleddrugdeliverysystems.Polymerspossessinghighstrength,solventandchemicalresistance,andserviceabilityathightemperatureswouldfindavarietyofuses.6Thechallengefacingcellandmolecularbiologistsistodecipherhowcellulareventsoccur.Ageneralproblemencounteredinmanyofthepolymerizationsystemshasbeenadifficultyinobtainingpolymersofsufficientlyhighenoughmolecularweighttohavereasonablestrengthproperties.Anotherapproachtoobtainrigidpolymerchainsisbythesynthesisofspiropolymers.五标点英文中一句话结束要用句号注意避免过长的句子这点与汉语中常用逗号的习惯不同请注意以下结构的标点……suchasAandB…………suchasA,BandC…………,suchasA,…………,forexample,…………,forexample…………,.,…………,.,…………,respectively.四、掌握一些学术论文常用的短语结构可大大降低写作的难度Inordertomeetallofthesecriteria,thevectormustdeliverthegeneaccurately.Toovercomethisproblem,itwouldbeadvantageoustopseudotypelentiviralvectorswithtargetedMLVenvelopes.Besidesidentifyingsuitableproteasesfortargeting,thesuccessofthisprotease-targetingstrategyreliesontheaccessibilityofthelinkertoproteasecleavage.Wehavefocusedourinvestigationsontheinvitroandinvivobiologicalresponseofamousecellline.Onthecontrary,thehomotelomerderivative11exhibitsnosubstantiallossofcytotoxicitycomparedtofreeAra-C.Aftermorethanthreedecadesofdevelopment,inwhichnumerouspolymershavebeenusedtoreplacebodyparts,clinicalsuccessisstillrelativelyrare.7Insomecases,polymericmaterialsfordrugdeliverymustsatisfyadditionalrequirements,suchasenvironmentalresponsiveness.pH-ortemperaturedependentphaseorvolumetransformations.)Owingtothenatureoftheseinteractions,surfacemodificationstrategieshavebeenusedto