上海市七宝中学2015-2016学年度高一第一学期开学摸底考试英语试题

2015高一英语摸底考试（考试时间100分钟，分值120分）I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionC.$35.C.Inabakery.C.Disappointed.youhaveheard.A.$30.2.A.Intheflorist's.A.Sorry.$13.InthepostofficeAnnoyed.$60.Atafruitstand.Surprised.A.Secretaryandboss.Studentandteacher.Patientandnurse.A.Abusdriver.Apostofficeclerk.A.Togotoaphysicalclub.Tosleepinbed.A.Jimlooksniceinhisnewshirt.C.Jimdoesnotlookniceinhisoldshirt.A.Hecanteachherthatprogram.C.He'sbusierthanDick.A.ThemancanspeakGerman.C.ThemancanreadinGerman.A.Shedoesn'tliketheget-together.C.Sheisignorantoftheget-together.D.Customerandwaitress.Anairlineticketagent.D.Adepartmentstoresalesperson.Toworkintheoffice.D.Togoshopping.Jimlooksnicerinhisoldshirt.D.Jimisn'twell-dressed.HeisgoingtoaskDickforhelp.D.Hetaughthimselfthatprogram.ThemanknowsnothingaboutGerman.D.ThemanknowsbothEnglishandGerman.B.Themanhastoldherabouttheget-together.D.Aget-togetherwillbeheldnextweekend.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassages,andyouwillbeaskedthreequestionsoneachofthepassages.Thepassageswillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Theycouldbeusedeverywhere.B.Customershadtopayforthingsinfull.Theywereverypopularbeforethe1920s.D.Everyonecouldgetthiskindofcreditcard.A.Becausethiscardcouldbeusedatmanyshops.B.Becausetheycouldpayforthingsalittleatatime.Becausetheycouldspendmoremoneywithcreditcard.Becausetheydidn'tneedtocarryalotofcashwiththem.A.Partofthedevelopmentofcreditcards.B.Howtousecreditcards.Howcreditcardshelpbusinessmen.D.Thenumberofcreditcardusers.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Exactlyduringtheexplosion.Whentheengineswereturnedoff.A.Nevertoputoffanythinginlife.Toseehisdaughtergrowup.A.Anemergencycrash-landingguide.Anintroductionofanadventurenovel.Whentheplanewasfullofsmoke.Beforetheenginessoundedscary.B.Toreachouttopeoplearound.Tobeagoodfather.B.Aspeechonone'sairtravelexperience.Asafetytrainingforairpassengers.SectionCDirections:InSectionC,youwillheartwolongerconversations.Theconversationswillbereadtwice.Afteryouheareachconversation,youarerequiredtofillinthenumberedblankswiththeinformationyouhaveheard.Writeyouranswersonyouranswersheet.Blanks17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Completetheform.WriteONEWORDforeachanswer.TelephoneMessagePurposeoftheprogramme:toprovidelanguagelearningopportunitiesforstudentsinthearea's17Applicationdeadline:2monthsbeforethetermbegins,allowingtheschoolenoughtimeto18theapplicationTuitionforfull-timestudents:19dollarsWaystoapply:mailtheapplicationbackorfillitoutatthe20Blanks21through24arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Completetheform.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.Whatdoweknowaboutinsects?Theyare21creaturesonearth.Inwhataspectsareinsectssuperiortohumans?Thehistoryofexistence.22andtheabilitiestoreproduceandadapt.Howdomosquitoesadapttonewinsecticide?Bychanging23.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?Tofightmosquitoes,scientistswillbekeptbusylookingfor24.GrammarandVocabularySectionA(15)Directions:beneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandChoosetheoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.Theauthorreceivedtonsofcongratulationshisgreatsuccessinwriting.inB.onC.fromD.by-HowisMikenow?--Don'tworry.HewillcallusassoonashetheUSA.reachesBreachedC.willreachDisreaching---Ihaveasorethroattoday!---You'dbettertakeadvantageoftheteabreaktogoto.A.chemist'sB.thechemistC.thechemist'sD.thechemists'Somefastdevelopingcountriesaroundtheworlddon'tcareaboutprotectingagainstenvironmentalpollution.A.themselvesB.themC.itD.itself29.Accordingtothenewregulations,onepassnightdrivingtestforthelicense.A.needB.canC.mustD.may30.Alltheresidentsinthearea_thattheymoveintonewflatswithinthreemonths.A.areadvisedB.advisedC.haveadvisedD.havebeenadvised31.Shecameupwithseveralideasaboutthehousedecoration__afantasticonepoppedintohermind.A.untilB.beforeC.sinceD.unless32.Mary'ssuccessliesinthefact______sheisco-operativeandeagertolearnfromothers.A.becauseB.whichC.whereD.thatanystaircase,Ifollowedadarkpassageanditseemedtogoonforever.NottohaveseenB.SeeingnotC.HavingnotseenD.NotseeingUnlesstospeak,mosthighschoolstudentsherepreferremainingsilentinclass.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvitedDoctorsinsistthegrowthofwisdomcontinuesafterthe40s,50sandeven60s,?doesitB.doesn'titC.dotheyD.don'ttheyIfsheacceptsthisposition,shewillhavenochoicebutanevengreaterchallenge.A.tomeetB.meetsC.meetingD.metDonaldsurvivedwhenthecarhewasincrashedintoatruckfromtheoppositeside.A.asB.whereC.thatD.onceAhighdefinitiondigitalcameraonthiscellphonecanshowyouvividlyisaroundthepersonyouaretalkingto.A.howB.whichC.whatD.whereOetzi,the5,000yearold“Iceman”,onthealpineborderbetweenItalyandAustriain1991.A.wasdiscoveringB.wasdiscoveredC.hadbeendiscoveredD.discoveredSectionB(20)Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.beliefB.discourageC.choicesD.issueAB.tryAC.characterizeAD.demonstrateBC.ensureBD.incomparableCD.opposingABC.responsibleTheuniquefeaturesofcollegesanduniversitiesintheU.S.arehardlysharedbytheircompetitorsinEuropeorAsia.ManyforeignstudentsareattractednotonlytotheacademicprogramsataparticularU.S.collegebutalsotothelargercommunity,whichaffordsthechanceforthemtoabsorbthesurroundingculture.Clubs,sportsteams,studentpublicationsanddramasocietiescolorfulandenjoyableAmericancampuslife.However,fewforeignuniversitiesputmuchemphasisonthis.“Inpeople'sminds,thecampusandtheAmericanuniversityarebothadmirable,”saysBrownUniversityPresidentVartanGregorian.“InAmericapeoplehaveastrong41_thatastudent'sdailylifeisasimportantashislearningexperience.”Foreignstudentsalsocomeinsearchof42.America'smenuofoptions一researchuniversities,stateinstitutions,privateliberal-artsschools,communitycolleges,religiousinstitutions一is43.NoanysingleEuropeancountrycanoffersuchvariety.“InEurope,”sayshistoryprofessorJonathanSteinberg,whohastaughtatbothHarvardandCambridge,“thereisonlyonesystem,andthatisit.”Fromthebeginning,studentsoverseasusuallyarerequiredto44professionalskillsinaspecificfield,whetherlaworphilosophyorchemistry.MostAmericanuniversitiesinsistthatstudentshavea（n）45onnaturalandsocialsciences,languagesandliteraturebeforechoosingafieldofconcentration.Such46philosophiesgrowoutofdifferenttraditionsandpowerstructures.InEuropeandJapan,universitiesare47onlytoaministryofeducation,whichsetsacademicstandardsandprovidesmoney.Centralization（集权化）islikelyto48thatallstudentsareequippedwithroughlythesameresourcesandperformatroughlythesamelevel.Ontheotherhand,Itmayalsothetestingofdifferentideas.“Whentheymakemistakes,theymakebigones,"saysRobertRosenzweig,presidentoftheAssociationofAmericanUniversities.“Theysetasysteminwrongdirections,andit'slikepilotingasupership.”A.attractionB.benefitC.enthusiasticallyD.commandAB.satisfyAC.undoubtedlyAD.approvalBC.treasuredBD.viewedCD.developedABC.considerablePublicimagedoesn'tmakemoneydirectly,norisitanythingvisible.However,excellentpublicimageissuchanimportantthingthatitis50desiredbyeverycompany,enterprise,institution,etc.Publicimagereferstohowacompanyis51byitscustomers,suppliers,andstockholders（股东）,bythefinancialcommunity,bythecommunitieswhereitoperates,andbyfederalandlocalgovernments.Publicimageiscontrollableto52extent,justastheproduct,price,place,andpromotionaleffortsare.Afirm'spublicimageplaysavitalroleinthe53ofthefirmanditsproductstoemployees,customers,andtosuchoutsidersasstockholders,suppliers,creditors（贷款方）,governmentofficials,aswellasdifferentspecialgroups.Withsomethingsitisimpossibletoallthedifferentpublics:forexample,anewhighlyautomatedplantmaymeettheofcreditorsandstockholders.However,itwill56findresistancefromemployeeswhoseetheirjobsthreatened.Ontheotherhand,highqualityproductsandservicestandardsshouldbringalmostcompleteapproval,whilelowqualityproductsandfalseclaimswouldbewidelylookeddownupon.Afirm'spublicimage,ifitisgood,shouldbe57.Itisavaluablestrengththatusuallyisbuiltupoveralongandsatisfyingrelationshipofafirmwithpublics.Ifafirmhas58aqualityimage,thisisnoteasilyimitatedbycompetitors.Suchanimagemayenableafirmtochargehigherprices,towinthebestdistributorsanddealers,toattractthebestemployees,toexpectthemostfavorablecreditorrelationshipsandlowestborrowingcosts.Itshouldalsoallowthefirm'sstockto59higherprice-earningsrati©比例)thanotherfirmsinthesameindustrywithsuchagoodreputationandpublicimage.ReadingComprehensionSectionA(15)Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Apesandhumanbeingssharealotincommonwhenitcomestobehavior.Theevidencetakenfromtheobservationofthebehaviorofapesandchildrensuggeststhattherearethreecausesfortheoutbreakoffightingandtheexhibitionof60byindividuals.Oneofthemostcommoncausesoffightingamongbothchildrenandapeswasoverthe61ofexternalobjects.Theargumentovertheownershipofanydesiredobject一food,clothes,toys,females,andtheaffectionofothers一wassufficientreasonto62force.Inacaseofmonkeys'disagreementoverfemales,thirtyfemaleswerekilled.Twopointsareofparticularinteresttonoticeaboutthesefightsforpossession.Inthefirstplacethefightsareoftencarriedtosuchanextremethattheyendinthe63destructionoftheobjectsofcommondesire.Toysaretorntopiecesandfemalesarekilled.Inthesecondplaceitisobservable,that64occurswhenanobjectisdesiredbyonlyonepersonorbysomeoneelse.Thereweremanycaseswheretoysandotherobjectswhichhadbeenthrownawayasuselesswere65defendedbytheirownerswhentheybecametheobjectofsomeotherchild'sdesire.Anothercauseofaggressionisthetendencyforchildrenandapesgreatlyto66theinvadingofastrangerintotheirgroup.Anewchildintheclassmaybelaughedat,isolated,anddisliked.Anewmonkeymaybebittentodeath.Itisinterestingtonotethatangeroccurswhenastrangercomesfromthe67species.Monkeysdonotmindbeing68byagoatorarat.Childrendonotobjectwhenanimalsareintroducedtothegroup.Asamatteroffact,suchnewcomersareoften69.Butwhenmonkeysmeetanewmonkeyorchildrenastrangechild,aggressionoftenoccurs.Thisstronglysuggeststhatthereasonfortheaggressionisfundamentallypossessiveness.The70ofthenewcomersisfeared.Thepresentmembersofthegroupfeelthattherewillbemorecompetitorsforthefoodortheattentionoftheadults.Finally,anothercommonsourceoffightingamongchildrenisafrustrationorfailureintheirown71.Achildwillbestoppedeitherby72causessuchasbadweatherorillnessfromdoingsomethinghewishestodo,forexample,sailhisboatorridethebicycle.Sometimestheactivitymaybe73becauseoftheoppositionofsomeadult.Thechildmayalsofrustrateitselfby74,throughlackofskillorstrength,tocompletesuccessfullysomedesiredactivity.Suchachildwillthenintheordinarysensebecome“naughty”.Hewillbeinabadorunfriendlytemper.60.A.fulfillmentB.excitementC.isolationD.aggressiveness61.A.usageB.possessionC.valueD.collection62.A.turntoB.driveawayC.comeoverD.makeinto63.A.moderateB.subtleC.completeD.temporary64.A.conflictB.negotiationC.agreementD.donation65.A.reluctantlyB.violentlyC.unwillinglyD.peacefully66.A.ignoreB.acceptC.proveD.hate67.A.similarB.modestC.strongD.reliable68.A.observedB.protectedC.joinedD.spoiled69.A.offensiveB.considerateC.generousD.welcomed70.A.strengthB.attitudeC.competitionD.emotion71.A.knowledgeB.activityC.studyD.personality72.A.naturalB.physicalC.financialD.academic73.A.enhancedB.operatedC.extendedD.prevented74.A.learningB.failingC.imitatingD.refusingSectionB(32)Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)MyhusbandandIwereonceinNepal(尼泊尔)toseesunriseovertheHimalayas.Onemorningweawoketototaldarknessat5o'clock.Aswerushedthroughatownwithcamerasinhand,Inoticedthecalm,gentlewaytheNepalesepeoplegreetedthemorning.Onemanboiledahugepotofmilktea,andothervillagersgatheredaroundhisfire,cuppingtheirhandsaroundsmallglassesofthesteamingsweetmixture.Itwasfascinating,butnottobeleftbehind,wejoinedthestreamoftouristsmovingquicklyuptothelookoutpoint.Thetopwascrowdedwhenwearrived,butafter10minutesofcoldwaiting,theassembledgroupgaveup.“Thecloudcoveristooheavy,”onesaid.Thenonebyonetheyrusheddownthehilltothenextitemontheirsightseeinglist.Iwasdisappointedaswell,butsuddenlyInoticedasmallNepaleseboyabsentlyplayingwithastickandshootingquickglancesattheclouds.Hemustknowsomethingwedon't,Ithought.Idecidedtowaitwithhim.TheboyandIdidn'thavetowaitlong.Momentslater,atinystreamofgoldenlightburnedthroughonethickcloud,thenanother.Rose-coloredfogwarmedthebacksoftheclouds,andsuddenlythemorningsunstoleaglancearoundthesideofthemountain,milesabovewhereI'dexpectedittobe.NothingI'dseenbeforepreparedmeforthemomentthecloudswithdrewwithbowedheads,andthemagnificentHimalayaswererevealedbefore,around,andaboveme.Isatinastonishment,notbreathing,notdaringtolookaway,certainthatGodhadplacedmehereatthebackdoorofEarthtoshowmewhatHeavenreallylookslike.Icertainlygotthemessage.NeveragainwillIrushasunrise.InowknowNaturewillsupplyherfruitstomeonlywhenIamtrulyreadytoreceivethem.Whatdoes“It”inParagraph2mostprobablyimply?Thedarknessofthetowninthemorning.Thehugepotofmilkteaboilingonthefire.Thewaythelocalpeoplewelcomedtheday.Thestreamoftouristsrushingtothelookoutpoint.TheauthordecidedtowaitwiththeNepaleseboybecause.shefeltkindofhavingfaithinhimtherestlesstouristsdisappointedherthatboywasprayingtothesunwithamagicstickshehadnothingmoretoseeonhersightseeinglistWhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribetheauthor'sfeelingwhenshesawthesunrise?Totallyshocked.Trulyfrightened.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?DoinRomeastheRomansdo.C.Timeandtidewaitfornoman.Absolutelyamazed.Extremelyinterested.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.Fortunerewardsthosehavingpatience.KuringaiChaseNationalParkGuidedWalksandNatureActivitiesSUNDAYMAY7EASYEarlyMorningStrollinUpperLaneCoveValleyMeetat7:30a.m.attheendofDayRD,Cheltenham,whilethebushisalivewithbirdsong.Roundtrip:4hoursFRIDAYJUNE6EASYPoetryaroundacampfireMeet7:00p.m.KalkaariVisitorCenter.Shareyourfavouritepoemoroneofyourownwithagrouparoundagentlycrackingfire.Drinksandfoodtofollow.Bringacupandablanket(orachair).Cost:$4.00perperson.Duration:2.5hoursFRIDAYMAY12MEDIUMPossumprowlMeet7:30p.m.atSeaforthOvalcarpark.Enjoythepeaceofthebushatnight.Lovelywaterviews.Bringtorchandwearnon-slipshoesassomerockclimbinginvolved.Coffeeandbiscuitssupplied.Duration:2hoursSUNDAYJUNE4HARDBaimeBasinTrackMeet9:30a.m.Track#8,WestHeadRoad,MagnificentPittwaterviews.VisitBeechwoodcottage.Bringlunchanddrink.Somesteepsections.Reasonablefitnessrequired.SUNDAYJUNE25EASYMorningWalkatMitchellParkMeet8:30a.m.entrancetoMitchellPark,MitchellParkRd.Cattaiforapleasantwalkwanderingthroughrainforest,riverflatsanddryforesttoswampland(沼泽地).Binoculars(双筒望远镜)amusttobringasmanybirdslivehere.Finishwithmorningtea.Duration:3hoursGRADINGEASYsuitableforALLfitnesslevelsMEDIUMforthosewhoPERIODICALLYexerciseHARDonlyifyouREGULARLYexerciseIfyouseldomexercise,prefernaturetoliteratureandareusedtogettingupearly,you'remostlikelytojoin.EarlyMorningStrollinUpperLaneCoveValleyBaimeBasinTrackPoetryaroundacampfireMorningWalkatMitchellParkIfyouwanttoenjoythepeaceofthebushatnight,youarerequiredto.A.meetat7:30p.m.June6B.bringslipperswithyouprepareatorchD.climbrocksfortwohoursHowmanyguidedwalksandnatureactivitiesprovidefoodordrink?A.1.B.2.C.3.D.4.Intheactivity“MorningWalkatMitchellPark”,onemayhavenochanceto.A.appreciatebirdwatchingB.enjoymountainclimbingtakearelaxingwalkD.havemorningtea(C)PrideandPrejudicefortheModernWomanLetusimaginehowPrideandPrejudice,JaneAusten'smostfamouswork,mightbeupdated,200yearson.Austen'spopularityisrootedinherintelligence.Buttodayshewouldcertainlyhavehadaverydifferentlife,aswouldhercharacters.Here'smyownsuggestion.Itisatruthfinallyanduniversallyacknowledgedthatasinglewomanwithbrainsdeservestohaveequalopportunitiestomen,howeverdisadvantagedshemayfeelbysexism.“Mydearhusband,”saidhishopefulwifeoneday,“haveyouheardthatthelocalstore,standingemptyforsolong,istakenoverbyabrightyoungbusinesswoman?”Herdullandindifferenthusbandrepliedthathehadnot.“Butitis,itis,”sherepliedexcitedly.Mr.Dull-Husbandmadenoreply.“Don'tyouwanttoknowherplans?”shecriedwithsomeimpatience.“Well,clearlyyouthinkitmatterstoyoursillylittlehead...soI'dbetterlisten.”“Well,mydear,therumouristhatshehasalreadysetupastringofsuccessfulbusinessesinnorthernEngland,thoughhowawomancanknowanythingaboutthatisbeyondme.Shewillmoveinherselfnextmonth.“Whatishername?”“Bingley.”“Isshemarriedorsingle?”“Whataquestion!Andnoneofyourbusiness.”Buthercomingwillbeafinethingforourfiveboys.“Howso?Howcanitpossiblyaffectthem?”“Mydearlove;thoselazyboysneedsomethingtowakethemup.Thereareboundtobejobsgoing.”“Isthatherpointinsettlinghere?Surelyasawomanshehassimplytakenafancytotheplace.”“Nonsense,mylove,howlittleyou'venoticedtheworldhaschanged.She'sgotafirst-ratedegreeandsomesortofbusinessqualification,I'mtold.Shesurelyneedsoneofourboys!Perhapsyoumightgiveheracall.”“Me?No.Perhapsyoucantakeaninterest.Youstillhaveyourlooks,afterall.Shemayevenofferyouajob.”“Oh,that'snotlikely.Thesenewchancesbelongtotheyoungergeneration.Butnowyoumentionit,IthinkI'llgoalongallthesame.”AndMrs.Bennetwentalong.Thatwas10yearsago.SheisnowmanagingdirectorofaFTSE(英国富时指数)-listedcompany....Itwouldremainthecase,ofcourse,thatMrs.Bennetwouldbeoneofveryfewwomenonthecompanyboard,thathersalarywouldbelowerthanhermalecolleagues,herbonusofamore“female”dimensionandherlifespanamongthecity'sbusinessleadersshorterthantheirs.Still,she'dnodoubthaveenjoyedDavos（达沃斯论坛）一andmightevenhavehobnobbed（攀谈）withinfluentialfigures.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?Austenwasborn200yearsago.AustenrewrotePrideandPrejudice.Austen'ssuccessliesinherwisdom.Austen'supdatedworkgainspopularity.TheunderlinedpartinthepassagesuggeststhatMrs.Bennet.hadmixedfeelingsofadmirationandsurpriseaboutBingleyfeltkindofworriedanddoubtfulaboutBingleywasextremelyanxioustomeetBingleyhadagreatcuriosityaboutBingleyIntheeyesofMrs.Bennet,Bingleysurelyneededoneoftheirboysto.A.getmarriedtoB.workforherC.helphermoveinD.takeoverherstoreWhatdoesthewriterintendtotellus?Womenwithbrainscanalsobeassuccessfulasmen.Womenhavetopayahighpriceforsuccess.Ajudgmentmustbemadefreefromprejudice.Sexdiscriminationstillexistsnowadays.（D）Thetermculturenowismoreusedtodescribeeverythingfromthefineartstotheoutlookofabusinessgrouporasportsteam.Initsoriginalsense,however,cultureincludesallidentifyingaspectsofaracialgroup,nation,orempire:itsphysicalenvironment,history,andtraditions,itssocialrulesandeconomicstructure,anditsreligiousbeliefsandarts.Thecentralbeliefsandcustomsofagrouparehandeddownfromonegenerationtoanother.Itisforthisreasonthatmostpeopleregardcultureaslearnedratherthaninnate.Peopleacquireaculturebecausetheyarenotbornwithone.Theprocessbywhichapersondevelopsatasteforregionalfoods,accentedspeech,oranoutlookontheworldovertime,therefore,isknownasenculturation（文化适应）.Culturesareoftenidentifiedbytheirsymbols一imagesthatarefamiliarandcoatedwithmeaning.Totempoles（图腾柱）carvedwithanimalsandcreativefiguressuggestaspectsoftheNativeAmericanpeoplesofthePacificNorthwestbutmoreliterallyrepresentspecifictribes（部落）.InAsiaandIndia,thecolorofyellowisconnectedwithtempleswhileinancientChinaitwasacoloronlytheemperor'sfamilywasallowedtowear.Thus,differentculturesmayrespondtoasymbolquitedifferently.Forexample,tosomeaflagmayrepresentpride,historicalaccomplishments,orideals;toothers,however,itcanmeandangeroroppression.Toindividualsunfamiliarwithculturesoutsidetheirown,thebeliefs,behaviors,andartisticexpressionofothergroupscanseemstrangeandeventhreatening.Asocietythatranksallotherculturesag