2013年英语专四真题及
解析--汇总【2013年英语专四真题及答案解析--听写部分参考答案】 Whatisadreamfor? Onetheoryisthatwedreamtoreleasethedeep,secretdesires.Wedonotexpressthesedesiresinreallifebecauseoftherulesofpolitesociety.Anothertheoryisthatdreamsallowustosolveproblemsthatwecan'tsolveinreallife.Wegotosleepwithaproblemandwakeupwiththesolution.Thismaybeawaytouseourdreamsratherthanapurposeofdreaming.Ifyoubelievethatyourdreamsareimportant,thenanalyzingthemmayhelpyoutofocusontheproblemandhelpyoutofindthesolution.Themodernimageisthatdreamsarethebrain'swayofcleaningupthecomputer’sharddisk.Dreamsorganizetheeventsofthedayintofoldersanddeletewhatisnotneeded.Butweallknowthatverylittleofwhatwedreamisconcernedwithwhathappenedtousthatday.【2013年英语专四真题及答案解析--语法部分】51.Facingtheboardofdirectors,hedidn’tdeny__________breakingtheagreement.A.him B.it C.his D.its解析:本题考查动名词的逻辑主语。动名词可以有自己的逻辑(意义)主语,一般可以用名词所有格Tom's,代词宾格如him(口语),
面语情况下一般用物主代词his,their。本题选C,但我还是要吐槽,因为根本就不需要多此一举添加his,hedidn'tdenybreakingtheagreement完全正确,比原题要精简地道许多,从写作角度来看,his根本是多余的,当然纯粹考察语法的话选C。52.Xinchunreturnedfromabroadadifferentman.Theitalicizedpartfunctionsasa(n)_______.A.appositive(同位语) B.object C.adverbial D.complement.解析:此题恐怕是最受争议的题目了,有人认为选A,有人认为选D。根据EnglishGrammar:AUniversityCourse一书,“TheSubjectComplement(主语补足语)istheobligatoryconstituentwhichfollowsacopularverb(系动词)andwhichcannotbemadesubjectinapassiveclause:比如Who’sthere?It’sme/It’sI.Shebecameatennischampionataveryearlyage.Feelfreetoaskquestions!”一般语法书也是这么说的,有的书上把这种情况下接的名词叫做predicatenoun/nominative,接的形容词叫做predicateadjective。该书接着说“Aswellasbeandseem,awiderangeofverbscanbeusedtolinkthesubjecttoitsComplement;theseaddmeaningsoftransition(become,get,go,grow,turn)andofperception(sound,smell,look)amongothers,”比如Iknowitsoundsstupid.Thesituationbecomesevenworse.这些一般语法书也会提到,但是题目里的都不是这种现象,很多语法书对主语补语的介绍也就到此为止。好在这本书多介绍了一点,但情况很微妙。此书又说Moreproblematicistheconstituentfollowingotherverbsthatcouldbeusedintransitivelywiththesamemeaning,asin:SaintEthelbertwasbornaSaxonprincess.(shewasborn)Hereturnedabrokenman.(hereturned)Hediedyoung.(hedied)WeshallconsidersuchconstituentsasComplementsonthestrengthofthepossibleparaphrasecontainingbe(Whenhereturnedhewasabrokenman;Whenhediedhewasyoung).这部分恰好就是本题所代
的类型,但是从该书作者表述来看,他们也承认这样的句子很不一般,不太容易轻易判定是否为主语补语,在本书里,作者认为可以看作是主语补语,因为大概可以改写成含有系动词be的句子,但作者的措辞显然没有那么肯定,有待商榷的意思。据此,本题可以选D,是主语补足语。53.Whichofthefollowingisacompoundword(复合词)?A.Nonsmoker B.Deadline C.Meanness D.Misfit解析:首先要知道什么是复合词。Acompoundisawordthatconsistsofmorethanonefreemorpheme。所谓morpheme词素是最小的音义结合体,其最大的特点是不能再被分割为更小的音义结合体。而freemorpheme是指能独立存在使用的词素,boundmorpheme则是必须依附于其他单位的词素,比如前缀后缀属于boundmorpheme,如pre-,-ment,在单词shipment里,ship就是freemorpheme,-ment则是bound。因此四个选项里只有deadline是由两个freemorpheme构成(dead+line),其他三个都有Boundmorpheme比如non,ness,mis-等。54.Whichofthefollowingsentencescontainssubjunctivemood?A.Lucyinsistedthathersongethomebefore5o'clock.B.Sheusedtodrivetowork,butnowshetakesthecitymetro.C.Walkstraightahead,anddon'tturntillthesecondtrafficlights.D.PaulwillcancelhisflightifhecannotgethisvisabyFriday.解析:subjunctivemood是指虚拟语气,四个选项里只有A的insist属于虚拟语气用法,其中that从句里省略了should。55.Thefollowingdeterminers(限定词)canbeusedwithbothpluralanduncountablenounsEXCEPT__________.A.more B.enough C.many D.such解析:限定词的用法是近几年专四的热门考点,诸如some,many,both,all,each等用法究竟如何还是希望大家多翻阅语法书和词典。这道题看似有点难度,也许你从来不知道哪个限定词可以接名词复数和不可数名词,但好在备选项里每个单词你都可以去接名词试试就知道了,比如moremoney,moretrees;enoughmoney,enoughtrees;manymoney?,manytrees;suchbigtrees,suchbehavior.所以选C。56.解析:首先要明白and不一定表示并列。A,C里的and表示先后;D里的and表示递进;只有B里的and表示对比。56.WhichoftheitalicizedpartsindicatesCONTRAST?A.Sheopenedthedoorandquietlywentin.B.VictorialikesmusicandSamisfondofsports.C.Thinkitoveragainandyou'llgetananswer.D.Heissomewhatarrogant,andIdon'tlikethis.57.WhichofthefollowingCANNOTbeusedasanominalsubstitute(名词替代词)? A.Much B.Neither C.One D.Quarter解析:估计不少学生看到名词替代词这个术语,一开始都吓着了,因为压根没听说过,不过对做这道题目倒无大碍,所谓名词替代词顾名思义就是指能代替名词或名词短语,避免重复的词,英语里one,ones,(the)same等都是常见的。比如Therearegoodfilmsaswellasbadones.除此以外还有thekind,thesort,比如Slangdisappearsquickly,especiallythejuvenilesort.还有一些不定代词等比如all,both,some,anyenough,several,none,many,much,(a)few,(a)little,theother,others,another,either,neither等,比如Canyougetmesomenails?Ineedsome.Idon’twantanymorefood.I’vehadenough.本题选D,quarter不是名词替代词。58.AllthefollowingsentencesdefinitelyindicatefuturetimeEXCEPT__.A.MotheristohaveteawithAuntBettyatfour.B.ThePresidentiscomingtotheUNnextweek,C.Theschoolpupilswillbehomebynow.D.Heisgoingtoemailmethenecessaryinformation.解析:这道题目有点意思,既考查时态,又考查will的用法,A/B/D都是将来时的各种表达,唯独C的will,看似是将来时标志,其实不然,因为和bynow矛盾,这里will的用法是指youthinksomethingistrue,表说话人自己的看法,比如ThatwillbeTimcominghomenow;Askanyoneandtheywilltellyouthesamething.本题选C。59.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisgrammaticallyINCORRECT?A.Politicsaretheartorscienceofgovernment.B.Tenmilesseemslikealongwalktome.C.Mumpsisakindofinfectiousdisease.D.Allthefurniturehasarrivedundamaged.解析:本题考查主谓一致(agreement/concord)。tenmiles看作整体单数,mumps腮腺炎这个单词就是以s结尾的,不可数名词;furniture在英语里是不可数名词;A里的politics并不是指政治,而是指政治学(politicalscience),是不可数名词,但这个用法主要是英式英语。此外,politics表示政治可以看作不可数名词,也可以看作复数,比如Politicshavealwaysinterestedme.本题选A。60.Whichofinthefollowingphrasesindicatesasubject-predicaterelationship?A.Thearrivalofthetourists B.ThelawofNewtonC.Theoccupationoftheisland D.TheplaysofOscarWilde解析:章振邦的书拿到手后果然发现了他的讲解,基本就是原句。第五版的55页,名词属格和of-词组一节说:名词属格和of-词组在意义和用法上有许多相同之处,比如thetrunkofanelephant=anelephant'strunk,表示主谓关系有thearrivaloftheprimeminister;表示动宾关系theoccupationoftheIsland;表来源thelawofNewton。因此据此本题选A。但我要吐槽的是先不说我手上其他参考书根本没有讲到,就这种主谓关系,动宾关系的说法我就不太同意,因为所谓词组的主谓关系和动宾关系是汉语语法里的说法,英语里说主谓自然指的是句子,一个名词短语何来主谓之说?61.Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsservesasanappositive?A.Heisnotthemantodrawback.B.Tonyhitbacktheurgetotellalie.C.Larryhasalargefamilytosupport.D.Thereisreallynothingtofear.解析:又是同位语?!四个选项的用法在大部分语法书里并没有做进一步区分,都成为不定式的定语用法,修饰名词。不过章振邦的书里又出现了这个,又是原句作为选项出现,章指出不定式作为名词的后置修饰语时,不定式和名词之间的搭配关系是主谓A中的themandrawback,也可以是C和D的动宾tofearnothing,tosupportfamily;有时候也是同为关系,比如urge(冲动)的内容就是指totellalie撒谎,故为同位语。我不得不吐槽,章很喜欢分析任何语法单位的结构,他在教师用书的第一部分也说本书语法体系是要贯彻层次分析法。62.WhichofthefollowingisNOTanimperativesentence?A.Letmedriveyouhome,shallI? B.Youwillmindyourownbusiness.C.Comeandhavedinnerwithus. D.Iwishyoucouldstaybehind.解析:花了点时间翻遍手头各类语法和用法图书,除了直接用动词打头,Do/Don't,You/其他唤名+动词,let类型外,均没有见到D的wish类型。说明:似乎只有章振邦的书上在情态动词will一节提到B的属于加强祈使句。我个人对此表示质疑。更常见的应该是Youmindyourownbusiness。如果说Youwillmindyourownbusiness是祈使句,那么Youwillseehimnow岂不是也是祈使句?这显然说不通。其实Youwillmindyourownbusiness要有祈使句功能,还跟语气语调有很大关系,应该念成YouWILLmindyourownbusiness!而不是YOUwillmindyourownbusiness.出题人不严谨,死扣语法书,可见一斑。63.Ifit_______tomorrow,thematchwouldbeputoff.A.weretorain B.wastorain C.wasraining D.hadrained解析:最经典的If条件虚拟句,说的是将来,应该选A.64.Whichofthefollowingsentencesexpressesafact?A.Maryandhersonmustbehomebynow.B.Carelessreadingmustgivepoorresults.C.It’sgettinglate,andImustleavenow.D.Hemustbeworkinglateattheoffice.解析:目前来看又要有争议。很多人认为是B,而我之前说C,尽管C里的must是表示主观必须(C只有前半句是fact,后半句谈不上什么事实)。问题在于如何理解B的must。在EnglishGrammar:AUniversityCourse一书里有一节谈到must的logicalnecessity用法问题,作者说在英式英语里有用must表示逻辑上的必定如此,尽管美国人更喜欢用haveto。比如IfJaneisPat'ssisterandJillisJane'sdaughter,PatmustbeJill'saunt.此时PatmustbeJill'saunt就相当于不用情态动词的陈述句PatisJill'saunt.如此极端的例子才能说明这是逻辑上的必然,但我实在看不出选项B里一个没有语境的句子是如何有逻辑上的必然,我个人觉得Carelessreadingmustgivepoorresults.和Carelessreadinggivespoorresults.还是不一样的。B句是章振邦那本书里的原句,章自己也说“用must表示必然,也是一种推测或推断,其口气最为肯定,一般用于肯定陈述句”由此来看,再如何肯定那也是一种推断,不是fact。65.Thefollowingarealldynamicverbs(动态动词)EXCEPT__________.A.remain B.turn C.write D.knock解析:看到专四考这个题目,我只能呵呵。动态动词是指能够延续持续动作的,比如hit,run等,相反的则是StativeVerb静态动词,比如know.现在进行时是常见检验手段。你不能说Iamknowingtheanswer,只能说Iknowtheanswer,因此know是静态动词。同理,题目的A选项remain也是静态动词,其他都是动态动词。【2013年英语专四真题及答案解析--词汇部分】66.__________toschoollifewaslessdifficultthanthepupilhadexpected. A.Adhering B.Adopting C.Adjusting D.Acquainting解析:这题没啥好说的,适应学校生活adjusttoschoollife,选C。67.Heisfedupwiththesameolddrearyroutine,andwantstoquithisjob.Theunderlinedpartmeans__________. A.dull B.boring C.long D.hard解析:dreary指dull,选A。但有词典指出boring也是近义词,外教也表示AB均可。所以B也是对的,我估计出题人是选A。68.Atlastnight’spartyLarrysaidsomethingthatIthoughwasbeyondme.Theunderlinedpartmeans__________.A.IwasunabletodoB.Icouldn’tunderstandC.IwasunabletostopD.Icouldn’ttolerate解析:bebeyondsomebody指tobetoodifficultforsomeonetounderstand.故选B。69.Thecouple__________theiroldhouseandsolditforavastprofit. A.didfor B.didin C.didwith D.didup解析:选D。doup这里指torepairanoldbuildingorcar,ortoimproveitsappearance。此外doup还可以指fastensomething,比如Doyourlacesupbeforeyoutripover.70.Sallycontributedalottotheproject,butsheneveronceacceptedallthe__________forherself. A.credit B.attention C.focus D.award解析:选A。这里的credit指approvalorpraisethatyougivetosomeoneforsomethingtheyhavedone.常见搭配有givecredit;take/claim/deservecredit。71.Thechildnodded,apparentlycontentwithhismother’spromise.Theunderlinedpartmeans__________. A.asfarasonehaslearnt B.asfarasoneisconcerned C.asfarasonecansee D.asfarasoneistold解析:首先ABCD的释义都是指apparently的意思,具体语境有具体不同的释义,在我们这个句子里,指accordingtothewaysomeonelooksorasituationappears,althoughyoucannotbesure.因此选C。换一个句子比如Iwasn’tthere,butapparentlythethiefgotaway.这里的apparently就指A或D。72.The__________thatsportbuildscharacteriswellacceptedbypeoplenowadays. A.issue B.argument C.point D.sentence解析:选B。这里的argument指asetofreasonsthatshowsomethingistrueoruntrue,rightorwrong。相当于汉语说的主张论点。很多人选C,point的确有这个意思,也可以接同位语从句,搭配上习惯是说takethe/sb’spoint.不过,我询问过外教,他是觉得argument更好,只是point也没什么不对。73.EveryoneintheofficeknowsthatMelindatakesinfinitecareoverherwork.Theunderlinedpartmeans__________. A.limited B.unnecessary C.overdue D.much解析:infinite是finite的反义词,这里指verygreat/hugeinamountordegree,因此选D。74.Thenewmeasurewillreducethechanceofseriousinjuryintheeventofanaccident.Theunderlinedpartmeans__________. A.ifanaccidenthappens B.ifanaccidentcanbeprevented C.beforeanaccident D.duringanaccident解析:选A。intheeventofsomethingisusedtotellpeoplewhattheyshoulddoifsomethinghappens.75.Traditionally,localmidwiveswould__________allthebabiesinthearea. A.handle B.produce C.deliver D.help解析:midwife是指产婆,接生员。所以选C,deliver可以指接生(孩子),或者生孩子。76.Nofoodordrinkisallowedonthepremises.Theunderlinedpartmeans__________. A.proposition B.advertisement C.building D.string解析:选C。以复数形式出现的premises指thebuildingsandlandthatashop,restaurant,companyetcuses.77.Thecourtwouldnotaccepthisappealunless__________evidenceisprovided. A.conclusive B.definite C.eventual D.concluding解析:选A。首先appeal是指上诉。Conclusive指showingsomethingisdefinitelytrue,比如conclusiveproof/evidence/findings。旁证是circumstantialevidence.78.Assoonasheopenedthedoor,a__________ofcoldairsweptthroughthehouse. A.flow B.movement C.rush D.blast解析:个人认为选D。又见量化问题,一阵/股冷风袭来该如何用英语说。首先句子里动词用了sweep,指tomovesuddenlyand/orwithforceoveranareaorinaparticulardirection.而blast指asuddenstrongmovementofair。但问题在于C。词典里rush其实可以指asuddenfastmovementofair,外教的回答是blastisbetterhereandiswhatnativespeakerswouldprefer.而Flow往往接的是水流电流等,而且指asmoothandsteadymovement.79.Shereallywantedtosaysomethingatthemeeting,buteventually__________fromit. A.prevented B.refrained C.limited D.restricted解析:refrainfromsth/doingsth指tonotdosomethingyouwanttodo,主要用于书面语。80.Thecoupletoldthedecoratorthattheywantedtheirbedroomgailypainted.Theunderlinedpartmeans__________. A.brightly B.light-heartedly C.cheerfully D.lightly解析:先聊聊gaily这个单词的来源吧。这个单词虽然是ly结尾却是形容词,是有gay+ly变来的。而gay在很早的时候是指人happy,merry,cheerful,或者颜色bright,attractive,这个用法现代英语已经抛弃,请大家不要乱用。所谓gailypainted/colored/decorated指havingbrightcheerfulcolors.所以选A。【2013年英语专四真题及答案解析--完形填空原文(真题暂缺,加粗部分为原空)】Everyoneknowsthattaxationisnecessaryinamodernstate:Withoutit,itwouldnotbepossibletopaythesoldiersandpolicemenwhoprotectus;northeworkersingovernmentofficeswholookafterourhealth,ourfood,ourwater,andalltheotherthingsthatwecannotdoforourselves;northeministersandmembersofparliament(国会)whogovernthecountryforus.Bymeansoftaxation,wepayforthingsthatweneedjustasmuchasweneedsomewheretoliveandsomethingtoeat. Buteveryoneknowsthattaxationisnecessary,differentpeoplehavedifferentideasabouthowtaxationshouldbearranged.Shouldeachpersonhavetopayacertainamountofmoneytothegovernmenteachyear?Orshouldtherebetaxonthingsthatpeoplebuyandsell?Ifthefirstkindoftaxationisused,shouldeveryonepaythesametax,whetherheisrichorpoor?Ifthesecondkindoftaxispreferred,shouldeverythingbetaxedequally? Inmostcountries,adirecttaxonpersons,whichiscalledincometax,exists.Itisarrangedinsuchawaythatthepoorestpeoplepaynothing,andthepercentageoftaxgrowsgreaterasthetaxpayer’sincomegrows.InEngland,forexample,thetaxontherichestpeoplegoesupashighasninety-fivepercent! Butcountrieswithdirecttaxationnearlyalwayshaveindirecttaxationtoo.Manythingsimportedintothecountryhavetopaytaxesor"duties".Ofcourse,itisthemenandwomenwhobuytheseimportedthingsintheshopswhoreallyhavetopaytheduties,intheformofhigherprices.Insomecountries,too,thereisataxonthingssoldintheshops.Ifthemostnecessarythingsaretaxed,alotofmoneyiscollected,butthepoorpeoplesuffermost.Ifunnecessarythingslikejewelsandfurcoatsaretaxed,lessmoneyisgotbutthetaxisfairer,astherichpayit. Probablythislastkindofindirecttax,togetherwithadirecttaxonincomeswhichislowforthepoorandhighfortherich,isthebestarrangement.【2013年英语专四真题及答案解析--写作部分】SECTIONA COMPOSITION Mostofus,asstudents,arecarefulwithourmoneyindailylife:wecollectallkindsofcoupons(优惠券);welookforgroup-buydealsifweeatoutortravel;wedon'tbuyclothesunlessinasale.However,somepeoplethinkthatallthismaynotmakeussmartconsumers.Whatisyouropinion?WriteonANSWERSHEETTHREEacompositionofabout200words. Youaretowriteinthreeparts. Inthefirstpart,statespecificallywhatyourviewis. Inthesecondpart,provideoneortworeasonsoryourexperience(s)tosupportyouropinion. Inthelastpart,bringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionorasummary. Youshouldsupplyanappropriatetittleforyourcomposition. Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.Failuretofollowtheinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.SECTIONB NOTE-WRITING WriteonANSWERSHEETTHREEanoteofabout50—60wordsbasedonthefollowingsituation: Yourformerhigh-schoolclassmate(MatheworGrace)iscomingtovisityouinthedorm.But,youhavegotsomethingurgenttodoandthuscannotwaitforhim/herthere.Leaveanoteonthedoor,expressingyourapologyandtellinghim/herhowtofindyou.Youmustmakeclearwhereyouareinthenote. Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.【参考范文】SECTIONA Theadvantagesofbeingcarefulwithmoneyindailylife Nowadays,thereisahotdebateonwhetherpeople,includingstudentsshouldbecarefulwiththeirmoneyintheirdailylifesincetheytrytheirbesttosavemoney.Somepeoplethinkitisnotgoodtodosobecausethismaynotmakepeoplesmartconsumers.Butinmyeyes,theadvantagesofbeingcarefulwithmoneyindailylifeoutweighthedisadvantages. First,beingcarefulwithmoneyisavirtuethatcanalwaysbenefitpeople.Beingthriftyisofgreathelp,especiallywhentheeconomicstatusaroundtheworldisnotverygoodanditbecomeshardertoearnmoneythanbefore.Agoodhabitofbeingcarefulwithmoneywillhelpmanypeoplegothroughthisdifficultperiodoranyotherdifficultfinancialsituationintheirlife.Peoplewiththisawarenesswillthinkcarefullybeforedecidingtobuyanything.Forstudents,thisawarenessisalsoofgreathelpsincetheymainlydependontheirparentsforfinancialsupports.Whentheykeepthisawarenessintheirmind,theywilldefinitelyavoidwastingmoney. Secondly,beingcarefulwithmoneyis,infact,agoodwayofpracticinghowtomanageone'smoney.Incurrentsociety,itisnecessarytolearnsomethingaboutfinance.Buttheoriesareusuallyhardtolearn.Incontrast,mostpeoplecanlearnquicklybypracticing.Beingcarefulwithmoneymeansanefficientuseofmoney,which,inessence,equalstopartofthejobofafinancialplanner.Beingcarefulwithmoneycanteachpeopletomakebestuseoftheirmoney. Itistruethatbeingtoocarefulwithmoneymayhavesomedisadvantages;forexample,itmaycausepeopletoignoreotheraspectsofcommodities.Butoverallthisbehaviorisgoodandhasitsrealitybasis.Money-consciousnessisalwaysneededinthemarket-orientedeconomy.SECTIONB April20,2013DearMathew, I'mwritingtoshowmyapologyforbeingunabletowaitforyouinmydorm.I'mreallysorrybutIhavesomethingurgenttodo.YoucancometoRoom1003,No.3TeachingBuildingtofindme.Themaponthebackofthenotewillhelpyou.I'llwaitforyouthere. Yours, Tom