考研英语（二）第二部分阅读理解（上）

考研英语（二）第二部分阅读理解（上）（江南博哥）材料根据以下材料，回答1-5题Thenumberofchildrenwhohavediedfromheatstrokethisyearafterbeingleftorgettingtrappedinhotcarsisamongthehighestonrecord.Sofarin2019,49childrenhavediedfromvehicularheatstroke,accordingtotheNationalSafetyCouncil,anon-profitsafetygroup.Whilemostdeathsoccurduringthehottersummermonths,theycanalsohappeninotherseasonsandwithoutsidetemperaturesinthe60s,saidJanNull,alecturerinmeteorologyatSanJoseStateUniversity.Moredeathscouldhappenbeforetheendoftheyear,thoughMr.Nullpointedoutthatthelastdeathin2018wasinSeptember.Thegrowingnumberofhot-cardeaths—anaverageof38eachyearforthepasttwodecades—displaysthedifficultlyofpinpointingtheircauseandfindingviablesolutions,advocatessay.Mostofthesedeathsoccurredwhenaparentorcaregiverunintentionallyleftachildinthecarandaboutaquarterofthemhappenedwhenachildgotintoacarontheirown,andabout19%occurredafteracaregiverknowinglyleftachildinthecar,accordingtoMr.Null."Nobodywantstoacceptthefactthatyou'recapableofdoingthis,butit'sjusthowourbrainswork,"saidJanetteFennell,presidentandfounderofKidsAndCars.org."Ifyoucanforgetyourkeysoryourcellphone,youcertainlyhavethecapabilityofforgettingyourchild."Thetemperatureinsideacarcanriseabout20degreesinjust10minutes,accordingtoresearchers.Heatstrokecanhappenwhenaperson'sbodytemperaturereaches104degrees,anditcouldturnlethalforchildrenwhentheirbodytemperaturereaches107degrees.WhiletheU.S.hasexperiencedrecord-settingheatinrecentyears,Mr.Nullsaidhecouldn'tspecifyanexactcausefortheincreaseinchildheatstrokedeathsbecauseacomplexsetoffactorscanplayarole.Beyondthetemperatureoutsideorwhereacarisparked,psychologicalfactorscancomeintoplay.Assuch,"there'snotgoingtobeonesolution,"hesaid.Child-safetygroupshavepushedpublic-awarenesscampaignsovertheyears,andadvocatedforlegislationandnewtechnologyinautomobiles.Anumberofstateshavepassedlawsforbiddingapersonfromleavingachildunattendedinavehiclebecauseofsafetyconcerns.Forseveralyears,advocacygroupshavealsopushedCongresstopasstheHotCarsAct,whichwouldrequirenewcarstobeoutfittedwithchild-safetyalertsystems.BillswereintroducedintheSenateandHouseofRepresentativesearlierthisyear.1、[单选题]InParagraph2,JanNullpointedoutthat_____A.summerwastheonlyseasontocausehot-cardeathsB.moredeathsfromvehicularheatstrokewouldhappenthisyearC.itisimperativetocallformoreattentiontothecardeathsD.otherseasonscouldbemoredangerousthansummer正确答案：B参考解析：Moredeathscouldhappenbeforetheendoftheyear,thoughMr.Nullpointedoutthatthelastdeathin2018wasinSeptember.尽管2018年最后一次死亡时间发生在9月，但是JanNull认为年底前可能会有更多类似的死亡事件发生。B正确。2、[单选题]JanetteFennelliscitedtostatethefactthatadults______A.can'tentirelyavoidcarelessnessB.arefullyresponsibleforhot-cardeathsC.keepdenyingresponsibilityforchild-rearingD.feelhopelessforchildren'spossibledeath正确答案：A参考解析："Nobodywantstoacceptthefactthatyou'recapableofdoingthis,butit'sjusthowourbrainswork,"saidJanetteFennell,presidentandfounderofKidsAndCars.org."Ifyoucanforgetyourkeysoryourcellphone,youcertainlyhavethecapabilityofforgettingyourchild."JanetteFennell的话诉说了一个事实，就是遗忘使大脑的工作方式之一，没有人可以避免这一点。A“不能完全避免粗心大意”正确。3、[单选题]AccordingtoParagraph4,whichofthefollowingistrueabouthot-cardeaths?A.Thecausesofhot-cardeathshavealreadybeenpinpointed.B.Achildwilldiewhenitsbodytemperaturereaches104degrees.C.Psychologicalfactorsmayalsoattributetohot-cardeaths.D.Thereisaneffectivewaytopreventhot-cardeaths.正确答案：C参考解析：Mr.Nullsaidhecouldn'tspecifyanexactcausefortheincreaseinchildheatstrokedeathsbecauseacomplexsetoffactorscanplayarole.Beyondthetemperatureoutsideorwhereacarisparked,psychologicalfactorscancomeintoplay. 第四段描述了温度升高可导致儿童中暑死亡，但是发生作用的因素太对，其中也包括心理因素，所以还没有确切的解决方法。C正确。4、[单选题]Inthelastparagraph,theauthorsuggeststhat______A.thepublicisunawareoftheproblemofchild-safetyB.newtechnologyinautomobilesusedtobeprohibitedC.itisnotnecessarytoinstallchild-safetyalertsystemincarsD.moreregulationsconcerninghot-cardeathsareongoing正确答案：D参考解析：Child-safetygroupshavepushedpublic-awarenesscampaignsovertheyears,andadvocatedforlegislationandnewtechnologyinautomobiles.Anumberofstateshavepassedlawsforbiddingapersonfromleavingachildunattendedinavehiclebecauseofsafetyconcerns.许多州已经通过了通过了禁止将儿童留在车中无人看管的立法，后面还提到一些高温车辆法案。要求必须配备儿童安全警报系统。D正确。5、[单选题]Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.InevitableLossMakesParentsGrieveB.ATragedyCallingforNewAutomobileTechnologyC.YouCanNeverBeTooCarefulonChild-safetyD.Summer,theMostDangerousSeason正确答案：C参考解析：文章从2019年中暑死亡儿童人数创历史新高为出发点，探讨了儿童死亡的原因，以及如何解决这个问题的一系列问题。让公众和政府对儿童安全问题高度重视。C在儿童问题上再小心也不为过。符合题意，C正确。材料题根据以下材料，回答6-10题SelectiveNewYorkCitypublichighschoolsaresupposedtomakeiteasyforfamiliestoseetheirdetailedadmissioncriteria,butonlyafractionofschoolsdoso,accordingtoanewreportfromFordhamLawSchool.Just20of157screenedhigh-schoolprogramsputtheirrubricsforevaluatingapplicantsonlineorgavethemtoresearchersuponrequest,thereportsaidTuesday.Atatimewhenselectivityinadmissiontopublicschoolsisunderscrutiny,thereportsaidfamiliesdeservefarmoreinformationonexactlyhowstudentsarejudged.Inthecity'scomplexsystem,eighth-graderscompetingforseatsrankupto12choices,selectiveschoolsrankapplicants,andanalgorithmmakesmatches.ThecityDepartmentofEducationwebsiteandhigh-schooldirectoryshowgeneralrequirementsforeachschool.Buttheagencyhassaideachschoolshouldmakeavailablearubricshowingthepreciseweightingofadmissioncriteria,suchastestscores,coursegrades,attendanceandpunctuality.Thosedetailshelpstudentsdeterminewhethertheyareviablecandidatesandavoidwastingtheirpicksonprogramswheretheyhavenoshot.Moretransparency"couldgofarinhelpingsomefamiliesbetternavigatetheprocessandleveltheplayingfield,"saidDoraGalacoats,executivedirectorofFordham'sFeerickCenterforSocialJustice,whichissuedthe"ScreenedOut"report.GeorgeWestinghouseHighSchoolinBrooklynwasoneofthefewtoproviderubrics.Itgave15%ofpointsforattendance,15%forpunctuality,7.5%foreachofthefourcorecoursegrades,and40%forstatetestscoresinmathandreading.DepartmentofEducationofficialssaidtheyinstructscreenedschoolsannuallytomakerubricsavailable,andwouldremindprincipalsintheirnextnewsletter."We'recommittedtoafairandtransparentadmissionsprocess,"saidspokeswomanKatieO'Handlon.Screeningfacescriticswhosayitexacerbatessegregationbyraceandincome,partlybecauseaffluentfamilieshavemoreresourcestodealwiththesystemandpayfortutoring.Supportersofscreeningsayithelpshigh-performingstudentslearnatafasterpace.ResearchersattheFeerickCenterhuntedforadmissionsrubricsonschoolwebsites,sentletterstoprincipalsaskingforrubrics,andmadetworoundsofphonecallstohighschools,betweenJune2018andFebruary.Mostoftheroughly77,000studentswhoappliedtohighschoolsoughttogetintoatleastonescreenedprogram,whichofferedabout15,700seatsin2017,thereportsaid.6、[单选题]SelectiveNewYorkCitypublichighschoolsshouldprovideparentswith______A.detialedadmittancestandardsB.morecomplicatedinstructionC.thecity'scomplexsystemD.thespecialrequirements正确答案：A参考解析：SelectiveNewYorkCitypublichighschoolsaresupposedtomakeiteasyforfamiliestoseetheirdetailedadmissioncriteria,纽约市精英公立高中应该让家长更加方便的了解其详细录取标准，由此可知，作者这里提出的是，希望纽约精英公立高中提供给家长详细的录取标准，A正确。7、[单选题]AccordingtoParagraph2,thepreciseadmissioncriteriabeingmadeavailablecan____A.helpstudentsbecomeeligiblecandidatesB.makestudentsgiveupwrongprogramsintimeC.selectsuitableprogramsforpotentiallyviablestudentsD.raisethebaroffairplayforfamilies正确答案：B参考解析：Thosedetailshelpstudentsdeterminewhethertheyareviablecandidatesandavoidwastingtheirpicksonprogramswheretheyhavenoshot.精确的入学标准可以帮助学生确认自己是否是某所高中的合适人选，以避免其浪费选择的机会，所以B使学生及时放弃不适合的招生。B正确。8、[单选题]GeorgeWestinghouseHighSchoolisoneoftheschoolsthat______A.makedetailedadmissioncriteriaavailableB.valuemathandreadingtheleastinprevioustestsC.challengethetransparentadmissionprocessD.willberemindedinthenextnewsletterfromauthorities正确答案：A参考解析：executivedirectorofFordham'sFeerickCenterforSocialJustice,whichissuedthe"ScreenedOut"report.GeorgeWestinghouseHighSchoolinBrooklynwasoneofthefewtoproviderubrics.  乔治·威斯汀豪斯中学是少数提供招生标准的学校之一)，接着第三句具体描述入学标准包括15％的出勤率，15％的守时性，30％的四门核心课程的成绩以及40％的州数学和阅读考试分数，由此可知，该学校列出了详细的入学标准供学生和家长参考。A正确。9、[单选题]ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph4thatthepossibledisadvantageofscreeningis_____A.forgingeducationalbackgroundB.acceleratingthelearningpaceC.deepeningtheeconomicaldistortionD.increasinginequality正确答案：D参考解析：Screeningfacescriticswhosayitexacerbatessegregationbyraceandincome,partlybecauseaffluentfamilieshavemoreresourcestodealwiththesystemandpayfortutoring.  批评者认为，筛选加剧了种族和收入的分离，部分原因是富裕家庭拥有更多资源来应对这一，并支付辅导费用，由此可知这一筛选可能加剧贫富阶级的不平等，D正确。10、[单选题]Welearnfromthetextthat_____A.DepartmentofEducationofficialsinstructscreenedschoolsmonthlyB.high-schooldirectoryshowsthedetailedtestscoresofstudentsC.fewselectiveschoolsinNewYorkpostpreciseadmissioncriteriaD.researchersattheFeerickCenterofferedsufficientseatsforstudents正确答案：D参考解析：文章第一段提出，纽约市精英公立高中应该让家长更方便地了解详细的录取标准，但只有部分学校这样做；文章第三段指出乔治·威斯汀豪斯中学是少数提供录取标准的学校之一，而第四段第一句则提出，教育部官员示，他们每年都会指导经过筛选的学校制定相应的入学标准，致力于构建一个公平和透明的招生过程。由此可看出，纽约的精英中学中制定详细录取标准的学校并不多，故选项[C]正确。材料题根据以下材料，回答11-15题WellsFargo&Co.saidthatthird-quarterprofitfellaslowerinterestrateshitthebank'slendingprofit.ProfitattheSanFrancisco-basedbankwas$4.61billion,comparedwith$6.01billionintheyear-agoperiod.Per-shareearningswere92cents.AnalystspolledbyFactSethadexpected$1.24ashare.Revenuecameinat$22billion,upfrom$21.94billionayearearlier.Analystshadexpected$21.09billion.Thelenderalsotookafinancialhitrelatedtothefake-accountscandalthathasdoggedWellsFargosince2016.Thebank's2016fake-accountissuebadlydamagedWellsFargo'sreputationandledtoamorassofregulatoryproblems.Thebanksaidlastmonthafterasix-monthsearchthatitwouldhireBankofNewYorkMellonCorp.ChiefExecutiveCharlesScharfasCEO.Hestartsnextweekbutalreadyhasstartedbriefingswiththecurrentmanagementteam,ChiefFinancialofficerJohnShrewsberrysaid.Mr.ShrewsberrysaidonaTuesdaycallwithanalyststhatheexpectsthenewCEOtoconducta"completestrategicreview"ofthebank'sbusinesses.Mr.Scharfalsowillbetaskedwithrestoringthebank'sbatteredreputationandimprovingitsstandingwithregulators.Thebankalsomustcontendwithfallinginterestrates,whichhurtprofit.TheFederalReservecutratestwiceinthethirdquarter.AtWellsFargo,thatmeanttheyieldthebankearnedonassetssuchasloansdroppedto3.76%from3.94%inthepriorquarter,whiletheratethebankpaidoninterest-bearingliabilitiesincludingcustomerdepositsdroppedto1.46%from1.50%.Takentogether,thatpushedthebank'snetinterestmarginto2.66%from2.82%inthepreviousquarter.WellsFargo'snetinterestincomefell8%inthethirdquarterfromayearearlier.Thebank'smajorbusinesslineshavestruggledsincethescandal.Whatwasonceanaggressiverapidlygrowinglenderwhoseprofittoweredabovethoseofrivalshasbecomeafirmwithsluggishrevenuethatisleaningheavilyoncostcuts.Revenuefellyearoveryearinconsumerbankingandwholesalebanking.Itroseinthebank'swealthunitbutonlyduetothegainonthesaleofaretirementandtrustbusiness.Incomefrommortgagebankingfelleventhoughlowerratesmeantthebankoriginatedmorehomeloans.Thelitigationcostsalsohelpedpushexpensesup10%inthethirdquarterfromayearearlierdespitecost-cuttinggoals.WellsFargoalsopaidoutmoreinsalaryandcommission.11、[单选题]Accordingtothefirstparagraph,WellsFargo&Co.Encountered_____A.anunaffordabledeficitB.afluctuationinprofitC.adramaticrecoverD.anobviousprofitloss正确答案：D参考解析：【类型】具体信息题。【题源揭示】本文摘自2019年10月15日MarketWatch(《市场观察》)的刊文，题目是WellsFargoProfitDentedBy$1.6BillionCharge(《富国银行的利润减少了16亿美元》)。【文章大意】本文描述了富国银行的利润减少问题。文章开篇指出富国银行第三季度的利润下滑且遭受了与假账丑闻有关的财务打击，以至于银行的声誉受损，且引发了一系列监管问题。虽然银行聘用了新的首席执行官，并希望其对银行业务进行全面的战略审查，但美联储在第三季度的两次降息使得富国银行的净息差降低、净利息收入下降、银行的个人银行业务和大额银行业务同比下降、抵押贷款收入下降，同时诉讼成本增长，支出的薪水和佣金增多。【解题思路】根据题干关键信息thefirstparagraph和WellFar90＆C0．可定位至文章第一段。该段第一句即提到WellsFar90＆C0．saidthatthird．quarterprofitfell…(富国银行表示其第三季度利润下滑……)，接着第二句用数据证明ProfitattheSanFranciscobasedbankwas$4．61billion，comparedwith$6．01billionintheyear-agoperiod．(这家总部位于旧金山的银行的利润为46．1亿美元，而去年同期为60．1亿美元)，由此可知，富国银行面临明显的利润损失，故选项[D]anobviousprofitloss(明显的利润损失)应为正确答案。12、[单选题]OneofthereasonsofWellsFargo'sfinancialhitwas______A.thescandalin2016B.thecostreductionC.thesluggishresponseD.theregulatoryproblem正确答案：A参考解析：Thelenderalsotookafinancialhitrelatedtothefake-accountscandalthathasdoggedWellsFargosince2016.   该行还遭受了与假账丑闻有关的财务打击，自2016年以来该丑闻一直困扰着富国银行，富国银行的财务打击原因主义就是这个丑闻。A正确。13、[单选题]ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph4thatCharlesScharfwasexpectedto____A.helptheFederalReservecutratesB.increasetherevenuestrategicallyC.copewiththefallinginterestratesD.standtogetherwithregulators正确答案：C参考解析：Thebankalsomustcontendwithfallinginterestrates,whichhurtprofit. 第四段描写了对新任首席执行官的要求，对该行的业务进行全面的战略审查，恢复该银行受损的声誉并改善其在监管机构中的地位，还必须应对利率下降而损害利润的问题。C正确。14、[单选题]Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthatforthebank,_______A.itsretirementandtrustbusinesswillsoarB.itsstrugglewilllastforalongtimeC.itswillsoonrecoverfromscandalD.itsincomefrommortgagebankingwillgrow正确答案：B参考解析：最后一段中，讲述了富国银行所面临的困境，该银行的个人银行业务和大额银行业务的收入同比下降，抵押贷款业务收入下降，支出了更多的薪水和佣金等等，富国银行也制定了削减成本的目标，这场斗争将持续较长时间，B正确。财富部门收益的增加是由于出售退休业务和信托业务，并没有提及退休业务和信托业务将会猛增，A错误。文中并未提及银行何时会从丑闻中恢复，而只强调了银行困境与其所做的措施，C错误。银行发放了更多的房屋贷款，但是收入却下降了。D错误。15、[单选题]Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueaboutWellsFargo&Co.?A.Itsper-shareearningswerehigherthanexpected.B.Itsnetinterestmarginincreasedinthepreviousquarter.C.Ithadamassofregulatoryproblemstobesolved.D.Itsmajorbusinesseshavebeensoaringsincethescandal.正确答案：C参考解析：Thebank's2016fake-accountissuebadlydamagedWellsFargo'sreputationandledtoamorassofregulatoryproblems. 可知富国银行存在一些监管问题需要解决。C正确。材料题根据以下材料，回答16-20题ArecentstudypublishedinthejournalAppliedPhysiology,NutritionandMetabolismhassomeveryexcitingfindingsinthefightagainstmemorylossanddementia.TheWorldHealthorganization(WHO)saysthataround50millionpeopleworldwidehavedementia.Currently,there'snotreatmentorcurefordementiaorevenawaytoalteritsprogression.Thatmakespreventativetreatmentsevenmoreexciting.Thankfully,numerousnewtreatmentsarebeinginvestigated,whichareatvariousstagesofclinicaltrials.Soit'snotall doomandgloom.Althoughthereisnocure,thereareseveralthingsthatcanbedonetosupportandimprovethelivesofindividualswhohavedementia,including：earlydiagnosisinordertopromoteearlyandoptimalmanagement;optimizingphysicalhealth,cognition,activityandwell-being；identifyingandtreatingaccompanyingphysicalillness；detectingandtreatingchallengingbehavioralandpsychologicalsymptoms；providinginformationandlong-termsupporttocarers.Andmovementandexerciseplayaroleinbrainhealth.Exerciseaffectsthebraininmanyways.Tostartwith,exercisegenerallyincreasesyourheartrate,whichinturnpumpsmoreoxygentothebrain.Exerciseaidsthereleaseofhormones,whichprovideanexcellentenvironmentforthegrowthofnewbraincells.Exercisealsopromotesbrainplasticitybystimulatingthegrowthofnewconnectionsbetweencellsinmanyimportantcorticalareasofthebrain.ResearchfromUCLAevendemonstratedthatexerciseincreasedgrowthfactorsinthebrain,whichmakesiteasierforthebraintogrownewneuronalconnections.Whileresearchersarestilltryingtodeterminetheexactcriticalfactorsthatmakeexercisesogoodforthebrain,thefocusseemstobenarrowinginonincreasedbloodflowtothebrain,surgesofgrowthhormones,andmassiveexpansionofthebrain'snetworkofbloodvessels.CanadianresearchersatMcMasterUniversityexaminedtheimpactofexerciseonthebrain.Theirnewstudysuggeststhattheintensityatwhichwegetmoremovementandexerciseinourlivesiscritical.Intheirresearch,theyfoundthatseniorswhoexercisedusing"shortburstsofactivity"sawanimprovementofupto30percentintheirmemoryperformance,whileparticipantswhoworkedoutatasteady-state,moderatelevelsawnoimprovement.JenniferHeisz,theleadauthorofthestudy,quotedinScienceDaily,says,"Thereisurgentneedforinterventionsthatreducedementiariskinhealthyolderadults.Thisworkwillhelptoinformthepubliconexerciseprescriptionsforbrainhealth,sotheyknowexactlywhattypesofexercisesboostmemoryandkeepdementiaatbay."16、[单选题]ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph1thatA.clinicaltrialsfordementiawillinvolvemorepatientsB.morenewtreatmentsfordementiawillbelaunchedC.fewerpeoplewilldevelopdementiaD.dementiawillbecompletelycured正确答案：B参考解析：numerousnewtreatmentsarebeinginvestigated,whichareatvariousstagesofclinicaltrials. 第一段描述了全球大约有5000万人患有痴呆症，并且没有治愈的方法，然后提到了好消息是很多新的治疗方法已经处于临床试验阶段。B正确。17、[单选题]Thephrase"doomandgloom"(Line7,Paragraph1)isclosestinmeaningtoA.desperateB.dangerousC.intimidatingD.fortunate正确答案：A参考解析：前面提到没有很好的治愈痴呆症的方法，然后转折目前有大量的新的治疗方案正在研究当中，所以不用那么担心跟绝望。整个句子应该指向好的趋势。D正确。18、[单选题]Whichofthefollowingmeasuresissaidtohelpthosewithdementia?A.offeringadequateinformationandconstantencouragementtopatientsB.Makingmedicaldiagnosisatthefull-blownstageofthesymptomsC.Spottingdementia-relatedphysicalandpsychologicalsymptomsD.Hiringprofessionalcare-giverstoattendtothepatients正确答案：C参考解析：Althoughthereisnocure,thereareseveralthingsthatcanbedonetosupportandimprovethelivesofindividualswhohavedementia,including：earlydiagnosisinordertopromoteearlyandoptimalmanagement;optimizingphysicalhealth,cognition,activityandwell-being；identifyingandtreatingaccompanyingphysicalillness；detectingandtreatingchallengingbehavioralandpsychologicalsymptoms；providinginformationandlong-termsupporttocarers.整个第二段就是可以采取的措施来支持和改善痴呆症患者的生活，其中detectingandtreatingchallengingbehavioralandpsychologicalsymptoms和C选项相符合。C正确。19、[单选题]Whydoestheauthorsayexerciseisbeneficialtobrainhealth?A.Becauseitcanacceleratethemetabolismrate.B.Becauseitcangeneratenewbraincells.C.Becauseitcanhelpwithcellularconnectionsinthebrain.D.Becauseitcannarrowthebloodvessels.正确答案：C参考解析：【试题类型】具体信息题。【解题思路】本题考查的是锻炼对预防老年痴呆有益的具体原因。根据题干关键信息exerciseisbeneficaltobrainhealth可以定位到文章第三段。由该段第五句可知，运动刺激大脑皮层许多重要区域的细胞间新连接的生长，提高大脑的可塑性，而第六句接着提到，锻炼可以增加大脑中的生长因子，这使得大脑更容易生长新的神经元连接。将原文信息和选项进行对比判定，选项[C]Becauseitcanhelpwithcellularconnectionsinthebrain(有助于大脑内部的细胞连接)与原文表述一致，为正确答案。20、[单选题]AccordingtoParagraph5,whattypesofexercisescouldboostseniors'memory?A.ashort-timehigh-intensityworkoutB.along-timesteady-rateworkoutC.amildregulardailyexerciseD.alower-intensitycardioexercise正确答案：A参考解析：Theyfoundthatseniorswhoexercisedusing"shortburstsofactivity"sawanimprovementofupto30percentintheirmemoryperformance,whileparticipantswhoworkedoutatasteady-state,moderatelevelsawnoimprovement.由倒数第二段可知，参加“短时间爆发运动”的老年人的记忆力表现提高了30％)，A符合题意。材料题根据以下材料，回答21-25题Whenanearthquakehitsoravolcanoerupts,scientiststraditionallyrecordtheshakingusingaspeciallydesignedinstrumentcalledaseismometer.Thesesensorsareextremelysensitive,butthey'realsoexpensiveanddistributedunevenlyaroundtheworld.Soscientistsareworkingonanotherstrategytomonitorearthquakes：usingfiber-opticcables—liketheonesthatformthebackboneoftheInternet."Sothemotionsareveryclear.Specifically,youcanseethearrivalofdifferentbitsoftheseismicenergyfromthelocationatwhichtheearthquakeoccurred.Sothepwaveandtheswave,andthedifferentphasesthatmoveoutfromthesiteofruptureintheearth,areusedbyseismologiststolocatetheevent.Andsowecandetecttheimportantpiecesofinformationabovethenoiseusingthefiber-opticcableandthen,inthatway,thefiber-opticmeasurementisjustasgoodasaseismometer."SaidNateLindsey,aPhDstudentandseismologistattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley.Here'showitworks：thescientistsbasicallytakeasnapshotofthefiberbyshiningalaserdownitandmeasuringthephotonsthatbouncebackafterscatteringoffofsmallcracksandimpuritiesintheglass.Bydoingthistensofthousandsoftimesasecond,theresearcherscanrecordhowthecabledeformsasseismicwavespassthroughit.Sofar,Lindsey'steamhastestedthetechniqueinopticalfiberstheyinstalledthemselvesinFairbanks,Alaska,andaroundtheBayArea.Theygotpromisingresults.Buttheirultimategoalistocapitalizeonthevastnetworkofunusedcables—knownasdarkfiber—that'salreadybeeninstalledbytelecommunicationsprovidersforfutureuse.Darkfibercoversmuchofthecountry,andstretchesacrosstheoceanbasins—whicharehardtostudyusingtraditionalseismometers."Toputthesamesensornearavolcanothatoccursoffshorerequiresinfrastructuretodeploythesensor,likeabigboat.Italsorequiresatetheredcable,abattery.Thesensorhastobewaterproof,obviously.It'salsoverycorrosiveunderneaththeocean,andsothere'sbeenalimitationofourabilitytostudyoffshorevolcanoes.Similarfaults.Earthquakeprocessesareunderstoodbasedonfaultsthatareonland."OffshorecablescouldalsoimproveearthquakeearlywarningsystemsinplaceslikethePacificNorthwest,wherebig,dangerousearthquakesactuallyoccurundertheocean."Wecanrecordthatearthquakemorequicklyandthenprovideawarningthatmuchquicker.Soitmightbeasecondortwosecondsmorethatthisfiber-opt