考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考前名师押题一（附带答案详解）套卷76

长风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海。住在富人区的她考研考博-考博-暨南大学考前名师押一（附带答案详解）一.综合题(共20题)1.不定项选择题Exceptionalchildrenaredifferentinsomesignificantwayfromothersofthesameage.Forthesechildrentodeveloptotheirfulladultpotential,theireducationmustbeadaptedtothosedifferences.Althoughwefocusontheneedsofexceptionalchildren,wefindourselvesdescribingtheirenvironmentaswell.Whiletheleadingactoronthestagecapturesourattention,weareawareoftheimportanceofthesupportingplayersandthesceneryoftheplayitself.Boththefamilyandthesocietyinwhichexceptionalchildrenliveareoftenthekeytotheirgrowthanddevelopment.Anditisinthepublicschoolsthatwefindthefullexpressionofsociety’sunderstanding—theknowledge,hopesandfearsthatarepassedontothenextgeneration.Educationinanysocietyismirrorofthatsociety.Inthatmirrorwecanseethestrengths,theweakness,thehopes,theprejudices,andthecentralvaluesofthecultureitself.Thegreatinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthreedecadesindicatesthestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,whatevertheirspecialconditions,deservetheopportunitytofullydeveloptheircapabilities.“Allmenarecreatedequal.”We’vehearditmanytimes,butitstillhasimportantmeaningforeducationinademocraticsociety.Althoughthephrasewasusedbythiscountry’sfounderstodenoteequalitybeforethelaw,ithasalsobeeninterpretedtomeanequalityofopportunity.Thatconceptimplieseducationalopportunityforallchildren—therightofeachchildtoreceivehelpinlearningtothelimitsofhisorhercapacity,whetherthatcapacitybesmallorgreat.Recentcourtdecisionshaveconfirmedtherightofallchildren—disabledornot—toanappropriateeducation,andhaveorderedthatpublicschoolstakethenecessarystepstoprovidethateducation.Inresponse,schoolsaremodifyingtheirprogram,adaptinginstructiontochildrenwhoareexceptional,tothosewhocannotprofitsubstantiallyfromregularprograms.1.Whatisthepurposeforauthortocitetheexampleofstageinparagraph2?2.Whydoespublicpaymuchattentiontoexceptionaleducation?3.WhichoneofthefollowingactionshasNOTbeentakentofacilitateexceptionaleducation?4.Theword“substantially”inparagraph4isclosestinmeaningto（）.5.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?问题1选项A.Toshowthoseexceptionalchildrenaremoreeasilyinfluencedthannormalchildren.B.Toindicatethoseexceptionalchildrenhavegreatpotentials.C.Toidentifyallmenareborntobeequal.D.Toillustratetheimportanceofenvironmentsuchasfamilyandsociety.问题2选项A.Exceptionaleducationisapartofcompulsoryeducation.B.Thebeliefthatexceptionalchildrenshoulddeveloptheirpotentialsaswell.C.Exceptionaleducationhasbeenunderestimatedforalongtime.D.Exceptionaleducationisareflectionofsociety.问题3选项A.Courtshaveconfirmedtherightforexceptionalchildrentoreceiveeducation.B.Governmentshavemadepoliciestoprotectexceptionaleducation.C.Schoolsareforcedbycourtstotakeactionstooffereducationforexceptionalchildren.D.Schoolshaveappropriatedprogramsandinstructiontosatisfytheneedofexceptionalchildren.问题4选项A.stunninglyB.generallyC.adequatelyD.fundamentally问题5选项A.Thenecessityofadaptingeducationtoexceptionalchildren.B.Thespecialtyofexceptionalchildren.C.Theintroductionofeducationprograms.D.Theresponsibilitiesofgovernmentforthoseexceptionalchildren.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A【解析】第1题:推理判断题。通过列举了舞台的例子，作者强调了配角和剧中布景的重要性，结合下文Boththefamilyandthesocietyinwhichexceptionalchildrenliveareoftenthekeytotheirgrowthanddevelopment（特殊儿童所生活的家庭和社会往往是他们成长和发展的关键）可知，对特殊儿童而言，家庭和社会环境也是很重要的，因此D选项“说明环境的重要性，如家庭和社会”正确。第2题:推理判断题。由第三段第三句Thegreatinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthreedecadesindicatesthestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,whatevertheirspecialconditions,deservetheopportunitytofullydeveloptheircapabilities（在过去的30年中，公共教育对特殊儿童的极大兴趣表明了我们社会中的一种强烈想法，那就是所有的公民，无论其情况有多特殊，都应享有充分发展其能力的机会）可推断出B选项“特殊儿童也应该开发他们的潜能的信念”符合题意。第3题:事实细节题。需注意题干中的NOT，因此要找出文中没有提及的措施。由第四段第五句Recentcourtdecisionshaveconfirmedtherightofallchildren—disabledornot—toanappropriateeducation,andhaveorderedthatpublicschoolstakethenecessarystepstoprovidethateducation（最近的法院判决确认了所有儿童，无论残疾与否，都有接受适当教育的权利，并命令公立学校采取必要措施提供这种教育）可排除A选项和C选项；由本文最后一句Inresponse,schoolsaremodifyingtheirprogram,adaptinginstructiontochildrenwhoareexceptional,tothosewhocannotprofitsubstantiallyfromregularprograms（作为回应，学校正在调整课程，使教学能够适应特殊儿童，那些不能从常规课程中真正获益的儿童的需要）可排除D选项，因此B选项为正确答案。第4题:语义推测题。根据上下文可知，学校正在调整课程，以适应特殊儿童的需要，因此可以推断出，常规课程是不足以应对特殊儿童的，substantially应为“足够的”，C选项符合题意。第5题:主旨大意题。解题关键句通常在第一段或最后一段，由第一段第二句Forthesechildrentodeveloptotheirfulladultpotential,theireducationmustbeadaptedtothosedifferences（为了让这些孩子充分发展他们成年后的潜能，他们的教育必须适应这些差异）可知A选项“使教育适应残疾儿童的必要性”为正确答案。        2.单选题Architecturalpressuregroupsfoughtunsuccessfullytosaveaterraceofeighteenthcenturyhousesfrom（）.问题1选项A.abolitionB.demolitionC.disruptionD.dismantling【答案】B【解析】本题考查了动词辨析。abolition“废除；废止”；demolition“毁坏；拆毁（带有破坏感）”；disruption“分裂；瓦解”；dismantling“拆开，拆卸（机器或结构）”，根据terrace“台阶；门廊”可知此处应该选择动词demolition，故正确答案为选项B。句意为：建筑力学群体没有能够成功保护一个十八世纪的台阶免遭拆除。3.单选题Manyadvantagescomewithbeingafirst-bornchild.First-bornstendtomakemoremoneythantheiryoungersiblings;theyaremorelikelytoearnadvanceddegrees,andtheyhaveslightlybetteroddsofbecomingpresidents,primeministers,andNobellaureates.Theyevenhavelongerlifeexpectancythanlater-bornsiblings.Thereisyetanotheradvantage:First-bornchildrenshowbettersecondlanguageskillsthanlater-bornchildren.Atleastthiswasthefindingofnewresearchinlastmonth’sissueofFrontiersinPsychology.Thestudy,ledbyDr.KarinKellerofSwitzerland’sUniversityofBasel,examinedthesecondlanguageskillsof1209immigrantchildrenbetweentheagesoftwo-and-a-halfandthreefromSwitzerland’sGerman-speakingregionofBasel.Thestudywasadministeredviamail;parentsfilledoutasurveyaskingthemtoassesstheirchild’sGermanlanguageability.Theyalsoreporteddemographicinformationsuchashowmanyotherchildrenwereinthehousehold,birthorder,numberofbooksinthehousehold,andparentallanguageskills.Thefindingsofthestudyareasthefollowing.First,childrenwithmoresiblingsexhibitedworsesecondlanguageskillsthanchildrenwithfewersiblings.Thismakessomesense;onemightimaginethatlargerimmigrantfamiliesaremorelikelytopropagatethecommunicationstylesoftheirhomecountry.Furthermore,morechildrenmeanslesstimeforparentstodeveloptheirchildren’ssecondlanguageabilities.Second,theresearchersfoundthatfirst-bornchildrenexhibitedaminor,butstatisticallysignificant,advantageintheirsecondlanguageabilities.Whenexplainingthecausesforthelanguageabilitydifferences,theresearcherssuggestthatthedifferenceshavemoretodowithenvironmentalfactors.Theycitea“resourcedilutionmodel”,inwhichfirst-bornchildrenbenefitfromagreaterparentalresourceinvestment.Theresearcherswrite,“Everyadditionalsiblingmeansareductionintheshareofresourcesallocatedtoeachchild,thusreducingthefoundationsoftheirintellectualdevelopment.”Kellerandherteamofresearchers,however,werequicktoputthisfindingincontext.Theynotethattheeffectisquitesmall;theywereonlyabletofinditbecauseofthestudy’slargesamplesize.Furthermore,exposuretoearlyeducationinstitutionsoffsettheeffectofbirthorderonsecondlanguageacquisition.This,intheresearchers’minds,isthekeytakeawayfromthisstudy.Kellerandhercolleagueswrite,“Consideringthatfamiliesfromimmigrantbackgroundshavefewerfinancialresources,andthattheseresourcesinfluencethechildren’slevelofdevelopment.Itseemsallthemoreimportantthatimmigrantfamilieswithmanychildrenarefinanciallysupportedsothattheirchildrenareofferedthebestopportunitiespossiblefortheiracademiccareers.Giventheresultsofthisstudy,promotingtheattendanceofearlyeducationinstitutionsisanefficientwayofachievingthisgoal.”6.Whatdoweknowaboutfirst-bornchildren?7.WhatdoesthestudyofDr.KarinKellerfind?8.Whatisoneofthereasonsforlanguageabilitydifferencesbetweenfirst-bornsandlater-borns?9.Whatistheimportantinformationfromthestudyaccordingtotheresearchers?10.Whatissuggestedtohelptheimmigrantfamilies?问题1选项A.Theyaremorehelpfulwithhousework.B.Theyhaveashorterlifespan.C.Theyseemtobestronger.D.Theytendtobebetteroff.问题2选项A.Parentswithmorechildrentendtospendlesstimewiththem.B.Immigrantfamiliespaylessattentiontotheirchildren’slanguageability.C.Childrenwithfewersiblingshavebettersecondlanguageskills.D.Childrenwithmoresiblingshavemorechancetopracticeasecondlanguage.问题3选项A.Geneticfactor.B.Parentingmodel.C.Resourceallocation.D.Siblingcompetition.问题4选项A.Immigrantbackgroundscaninfluencechildren’ssecondlanguageability.B.Earlyeducationcanmakeupforbirthordereffectonsecondlanguageacquisition.C.Children’sintellectualdevelopmentisimportantforsecondlanguagelearning.D.Thebirthordereffectonsecondlanguageacquisitiondependsonthesamplesize.问题5选项A.Givingfinancialsupporttothosewithfewerresources.B.Offeringmoreopportunitiesforthedevelopmentofparents.C.Callingoneducationinstitutionstoofferfreecourses.D.Carryingoutmorestudiesonlanguageacquisitionabilities.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】6.【答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“First-bornstendtomakemoremoneythantheiryoungersiblings;theyaremorelikelytoearnadvanceddegrees,andtheyhaveslightlybetteroddsofbecomingpresidents,primeministers,andNobellaureates.Theyevenhavelongerlifeexpectancythanlater-bornsiblings.（第一个出生的孩子往往比他们的弟弟妹妹赚更多的钱；他们更有可能获得高级学位，他们成为总统、总理和诺贝尔奖获得者的几率略高。他们甚至比后来出生的兄弟姐妹寿命更长。）”，由此可推断出先出生的孩子往往境况更好。A选项“他们在家务方面更有帮助”文章没有提到；B选项“他们的寿命较短”说法错误；C选项“他们看起来更强壮”文中也没有提到；D选项“他们往往比较富裕”正确。A、B、C选项均不符合题意，因此D选项正确。7.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第四段“First,childrenwithmoresiblingsexhibitedworsesecondlanguageskillsthanchildrenwithfewersiblings.（首先，兄弟姐妹多的孩子比兄弟姐妹少的孩子表现出更差的第二语言能力。）”，由此可知兄弟姐妹少的孩子的第二语言能力比较强。A选项“孩子多的父母与孩子相处的时间往往更少”；B选项“移民家庭对孩子的语言能力关注较少”；C选项“兄弟姐妹较少的孩子有更好的第二语言能力”；D选项“有更多兄弟姐妹的孩子有更多的机会练习第二语言”，A、B、D选项均不符合题意，因此C选项正确。8.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。文章第六段写到：Theycitea“resourcedilutionmodel”,inwhichfirst-bornchildrenbenefitfromagreaterparentalresourceinvestment.Theresearcherswrite,“Everyadditionalsiblingmeansareductionintheshareofresourcesallocatedtoeachchild,thusreducingthefoundationsoftheirintellectualdevelopment.”（他们引用了一个“资源稀释模型”，在这个模型中，第一个出生的孩子受益于父母更多的资源投资。研究人员写到，“每增加一个兄弟姐妹意味着分配给每个孩子的资源份额减少，从而减少了他们智力发展的基础。”）。由此可知先后出生的孩子在资源分配上存在着差异。A选项“遗传因素”；B选项“教育模式”；C选项“资源分配”；D选项“兄弟姐妹竞争”。A、B、D选项均不符合题意，因此C选项正确。9.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第七段“Furthermore,exposuretoearlyeducationinstitutionsoffsettheeffectofbirthorderonsecondlanguageacquisition.This,intheresearchers’minds,isthekeytakeawayfromthisstudy.（此外，接触早教机构抵消了出生顺序对第二语言习得的影响。在研究人员看来，这是这项研究的关键。）”，由此可知研究中最关键的发现就是早期教育可以帮助弥补出生顺序对第二语言习得的影响。A选项“移民背景会影响儿童的第二语言能力”；B选项“早期教育可以弥补出生顺序对第二语言习得的影响”；C选项“儿童的智力发展对第二语言学习很重要”；D选项“出生顺序对第二语言习得的影响取决于样本量”。A、C、D选项均不符合题意，因此B选项正确。10.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章最后一段“Consideringthatfamiliesfromimmigrantbackgroundshavefewerfinancialresources,andthattheseresourcesinfluencethechildren’slevelofdevelopment.Itseemsallthemoreimportantthatimmigrantfamilieswithmanychildrenarefinanciallysupportedsothattheirchildrenareofferedthebestopportunitiespossiblefortheiracademiccareers.（考虑到移民家庭的经济资源较少，而这些资源会影响孩子的发展水平。似乎更重要的是，有很多孩子的移民家庭得到经济上的支持，这样他们的孩子就能在学术生涯中获得最好的机会。）”，由此可知移民家庭需要经济资源的支持。A选项“向资源较少的人提供财政支持”；B选项“为父母提供更多的发展机会”；C选项“呼吁教育机构提供免费课程”；D选项“开展更多的语言习得能力研究”。B、C、D选项均不符合题意，因此A选项正确。4.单选题Turningcultivatedlandbackintoforestsorpastureisafundamentalwaytostemoil（）anddesertificationinthelongrun.问题1选项A.erosionB.depletionC.violationD.delusion【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。erosion“侵蚀；腐蚀”；depletion“消耗；损耗”；violation“违反；妨碍”；delusion“迷惑；欺骗”，根据句意可知此处要填的词与desertification“沙漠化”是相近的意思，所以此处应该填erosion，oilerosion是“土壤侵蚀”的意思。句意：从长远角度看，将耕地变回森林或者牧场是防止土壤……和沙漠化的基本方式。故正确答案为选项A。5.单选题Whenwecreditthesuccessfulpeoplewithintelligence,physicalstrengthorgoodluck,wearemakingexcusesforourselvesbecausewefall（）inallthree.问题1选项A.rareB.lackingC.shortD.scarce【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配辨析。rare“稀有的；稀薄的；半熟的”；lacking“缺乏的；没有的；不足的”；short“短的；不足的；矮的”；scarce“缺乏的；不足的；稀有的”，这四个词是同义词，都有“缺乏的”的意思，但是这里fallshort是一个固定搭配，表示“不足；缺乏”。句意：当我们认为成功的人具有智慧、强健的体魄和好运时，我们只是在为我们……以上三种因素而找借口。故正确答案为选项C。6.单选题Hejoinedacomputerdatingscheme（）butsofarithasn’tasuitablepatter.问题1选项A.comebyB.comeacrossC.comeupwithD.comeroundto【答案】B【解析】本题考查了词组的辨析。comeby“经过”；comeacross“偶遇；偶然发现”；comeupwith“想出”；comeroundto“改变主意”，此处只有使用词组comeacross表示“偶然”才符合句子的语义逻辑，故正确答案为选项B。句意为：他偶然加入了一个计算机日程计划，但是到目前为止它还没有一个合适的模式。7.单选题Afteran（）tourperformance,theactressdecidedtoflytoHawaiitohaveafullrelaxation.问题1选项A.generousB.exhaustingC.favoriteD.numerous【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项generous“慷慨的，大方的”；B选项exhausting“使人筋疲力尽的”；C选项favorite“最受喜爱的”；D选项numerous“许多的”。句意：在一场使人筋疲力尽的巡回演唱会之后，这位女演员决定飞往夏威夷度假放松。根据句意女演员决定飞往夏威夷度假放松可知前面的演唱会让人筋疲力尽所以才想要放松。因此B选项正确。8.单选题Thediplomaticcrisishasbeen（）bythebreakdownofthetalksbetweentheleadersofthetwonations.问题1选项A.withholdB.nurturedC.cultivatedD.approached【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项withhold“保留，克制”；B选项nurtured“培育，养育”；C选项cultivated“发展，耕作，教化”；D选项approached“接近，靠近”。句意：外交危机靠近是由于两国领导人之间的谈判破裂而引起的。两国领导人之间谈判失败是导致外交危机的原因，那么外交危机就更接近了，选择D选项approached“接近，靠近”意思正确。因此D选项符合题意。9.单选题Theboyseemedmore（）totheirpoverty,afterseeinghowhisgrandparentslived.问题1选项A.reconciledB.consolidatedC.deterioratedD.attributed【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。reconciled“妥协的；将就的”；consolidated“巩固的；统一的”；deteriorated“恶化的；变坏的”；attributed“归于”，根据后半句“在得知他的祖母当时的生活后”，可知男孩在得知祖母当时更贫穷艰辛的生活后，会对自己的贫穷妥协，reconciledto表示“接受；甘心”。句意：在得知他的祖母当时的生活后，这个男孩似乎……了自己家的贫穷。故正确答案为选项A。10.单选题Wehadamarvelousholiday;onlythelasttwodayswasslightly（）byweather.问题1选项A.damagedB.enhancedC.spoiledD.diminished【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。damaged“破坏”；enhanced“提高；加强”；spoiled“溺爱；糟蹋；破坏”；diminished“减少；缩小”，根据句子前后的转折可知此处想表达的是最后两天受到了天气的不好影响，被破坏了，所以此处应该从damaged与spoiled两个中间选择，damage主要是指事物的价值或功能部分受损，spoil除了有溺爱、宠坏、破坏的意思外，还指事物完整性、完美性或者整体感受的破坏，此处表达的是最后两天由于坏的天气的影响，使其完美性遭到破坏，所以应该用spoil。句意：我们度过了一个十分愉快的假期，只有最后两天稍微被天气……了。故正确答案为选项C。11.单选题Asthepainteris（）topollens,heregretsalotforlosingthechanceofdrawingthebeautyofspringinthefields.问题1选项A.nostalgicB.insolentC.acuteD.allergic【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项nostalgic“怀旧的，乡愁的”；B选项insolent“无礼的，傲慢的”；C选项acute“急性的，敏锐的”；D选项allergic“对……过敏的，对……极讨厌的”。句意：因为这个画家对花粉……，他很遗憾要失去野外写生的机会。由后面句子heregretsalotforlosingthechanceofdrawingthebeautyofspringinthefields（他很遗憾要……）可知D选项allergic“对……过敏的”（画家对花粉过敏）与前后意思对应。因此D选项符合句意。12.单选题Forshortageoffoodandwater,theillegalimmigrants（）downfrom112to58.问题1选项A.seizedB.starvedC.calculatedD.split【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项seized“逮住，抓住”；B选项starved“使挨饿，饿死”；C选项calculated“计算”；D选项split“劈开”。句意：由于食物和水的短缺，非法移民数量从112人下降到了58人。根据前半句表述的因为缺少食物和水，可知后半句中非法移民数量减少的原因是挨饿。所以空格处填B选项starved“使挨饿，饿死”合适。因此B选项符合题意。13.不定项选择题Themostvaluablediamondsarelarge,individualcrystalsofpurecrystallintcarbon.Lessperfectforms,knownas“boars”and“carbonado”areclustersoftinycrystals.Untildiamondsarecutandpolished,theydonotsparklelikethoseyouseeonaring—theyjustlooklikesmall,blue-greystones.InarathercrudeformthecuttingandpolishingofpreciousstoneswasanartknowntotheAncientEgyptians,andinthemiddleAgesitbecamewidespreadinnorth-westEurope.However,arevolutionarychangeinthemethodsofcuttingandpolishingwasmadein1476whenLudwigVanBerquenofBrugesinBelgiuminventedtheuseofaswiftlyrevolvingwheelwithitsedgefacedwithfinediamondpowder.Thename“boast”isgiventothisfinepowderaswellasthenaturalcrystallinematerialalreadymentioned.Itisalsogimptobadlyflawedorbrokendiamondcrystals,uselessasjewelsthatarebrokenintopowderforgrindingpurposes,theso-called“industrial”diamonds.Diamonditselfistheonlymaterialhardenoughtocutandpolishdiamonds—thoughrecently,high-intensitylightbeamscalledlasershavebeendevelopedwhichcanboreholesinthem.Itmaybenecessarytosplitorcleavethelargestonesbeforetheyarecutandpolished.Everydiamondhasanaturallineofcleavage,alongwhichitmaybesplitbyasharpblowwithacuttingedge.Afullycut“brilliant”diamondhas58facets,orfaces,regularlyarranged.Forcuttingorfaceting,thestonesarefixedintocopperholdersandheldagainstawheel,edgedwithamixtureofOilandfinediamonddust,whichisrevolvedatabout2,500revolutionsaminute.AmsterdamandAntwerp,inHollandandBelgiumrespectively,havebeenthecentreofthediamondcuttingandpolishingindustryforoversevencenturies.Thejewelvalueofbrilliantdiamondsdependsgreatlyontheircolors,or“water”asitiscalled.Theusualcoolersofdiamondsarewhite,yellow,brown,greenorblue.Surroundingrocksandtakeontheircolor,thusblack,redandevenbrightpinkdiamondshaveoccasionallybeenfound.Thetradeindiamondsisnotonlyinthevaluablegemstonesbutalsointheindustrialdiamondsmentionedabove.Zaireproduces70%ofsuchstones.Theyarefixedintotherockdrillsusedinminingandcivilengineering,alsoforedgingbandsawsforcuttingstone.Diamond-facedtoolsareusedforcuttinganddrillingglassandfineporcelainandfordentists’drills.Theyareusedasbearingsinwatchesandotherfinelybalancedinstruments.Perhapsyouownsomediamondswithoutknowingit—inyourwristwatch!1.“Carbonado”isthenamegivento（）.2.Theartofcuttingandpolishingpreciousstonesremainedcrudeuntil（）.3.Duringfaceting,diamondsareheldincopperholders（）.4.Thevalueorderofwaterindiamond（）.5.Industrialdiamondsareused（）.问题1选项A.onlytheverybestdiamondsB.lumpsofpurecarbonC.SpanishdiamondsD.diamondsmadeupofmanysmallcrystals问题2选项A.thefourteenthcenturyB.thefifteenthcenturyC.thesixteenthcenturyD.theseventeenthcentury问题3选项A.tofacilitateaccuratecuttingB.tomakethemshinemorebrilliantlyC.sothattheycanrevolvemoreeasilyD.asasteelholdermightdamagethediamond问题4选项A.ismoreimportantthantheircolorB.rangesfromblue-whiteupwardsC.rangesfrombluewhitedownwardsD.hasneverbeenreliablyestablished问题5选项A.forawiderangeofpurposesB.mainlyfordentists’drillsC.fordecorationinringsandwatchesD.principallyinmass-producedjewellery【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:A【解析】第1题:细节事实题。“黑金刚石”是用来称呼什么的？选项A“仅仅是最好的钻石”；选项B“纯碳团”；选项C“西班牙钻石”；选项D“由小水晶组成的钻石”，根据第一段中“Lessperfectforms,knownas‘boars’and‘carbonado’areclustersoftinycrystals.”不那么完美的形式，被称为“野猪”或者“黑金刚钻”，是一簇小水晶组成的，所以“黑金刚钻”指的是小水晶组成的钻石，故正确答案为选项D。第2题:细节事实题。切割和打磨宝石的工艺保持着粗糙直到，选项A“十四世纪”；选项B“十五世纪”；选项C“十六世纪”；选项D“十七世纪”，第二段首先说了粗糙的切割和打磨钻石的工艺开始于古埃及，然后“However,arevolutionarychangeinthemethodsofcuttingandpolishingwasmadein1476when...然而切割和打磨钻石的工艺在1476年发生了革命性的变化”，所以直到15世纪这种粗糙的工艺才被革新，故正确答案为选项B。第3题:推理判断题。在切磨刻面的时候，钻石用铜架固定，选项A“使切割更精确”；选项B“让它们发出更璀璨的光”；选项C“为了让它们更容易旋转”；选项D“因为铁架会损坏钻石”，选项B和D表达的内容文章没有提到，且也没有任何表述暗示，故可以排除；根据文章第四段中“fixedintocopperholders固定在铜架上”中fixed一词可知将钻石固定在铜架上是为了让其固定，选项C中revolve一词明显与此目的不符，所以可以排除；故正确答案为选项A，为了让其更好的被打磨，从而提高打磨与切割的精确度。第4题:推理判断题。钻石的“水度”价值排序，选项A“比他们的颜色更重要”；选项B“由蓝到白递增”；选项C“由蓝到白递减”；选项D“没有被确定地建立”，文章倒数第二段中在讲述钻石的颜色的时候并没有对其价值做出比较与说明，所以可以排除选项B和C；根据“dependsgreatlyontheircolor,or‘water’asitiscalled…很大程度上取决于它们的颜色，或者所谓的‘水度’”，可以知道颜色和水度其实是表示的同一种东西，所以它们之间不存在比较，所以选项A错误；故正确答案为选项D，并没有明确的标准来鉴定这种价值排序。第5题:推理判断题。工业钻石被用来，选项A“在很多用途上”；选项B“主要作为牙医的钻子”；选项C“作为戒指和手表的装饰物”；选项D“主要在大量生产的宝石上”，根据最后一段中的内容“它们被镶在矿业和土木工程所用的凿石器上，也被用在用来切石头的锯子边缘上。钻石做成的工具被用来切割或者打孔玻璃，细瓷器，或者用作牙医的钻子。它们被用做手表或者精密仪器的轴承。”这些内容讲述的是钻石的工业用途，根据此段内容我们可以推断钻石的工业用途有很多，选项B、C和D表达的内容明显太过局限，故正确答案为选项A。        14.单选题Janebuysallthefashionmagazines,andshealwaystriestodressin（）withthelateststyle.问题1选项A.confirmationB.conformityC.variationD.proposal【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项confirmation“确认，证实”；B选项conformity“遵守，符合，一致”；C选项variation“变化”；D选项proposal“提议，建议，求婚”。句意：简买了所有的时尚杂志，她总是试图与最新的风格一样。本句表示，Jane喜欢时尚，总是紧跟时代潮流，那她穿的衣服应该是跟最新款式风格一致的，inconformitywith“与……一致，符合……”，B选项conformity“遵守，符合，一致”意思正确。因此B选项符合题意。15.不定项选择题Forthepasttwoyears,Ihavebeenworkingonstudents’evaluationofclassroomteaching.Ihavekeptarecordofinformalconversation（1）some300studentsfromat（2）twenty-onecollegesanduniversities.Thestudentsweregenerally（3）anddirectintheircomments（4）howcourseworkwouldbebetter（5）.Mostoftheirremarkswerekindly（6）—withtoleranceratherthanbitterness—andfrequentlyweresoftenedbythe（7）thatthestudentswerespeaking（8）some,notall,instructors.Nevertheless,（9）thefollowingsuggestionsandcommentsindicate,studentsfeel（10）withthings-as-theyareintheclassroom.Professorsshouldbe（11）fromreadinglecturenotes.“Itmakestheir（12）monotonous”.Iftheyaregoingtoread,whynot（13）outcopiesofthelecture?Thenwe（14）needtogotoclass.Professorsshould（15）repeatinginlecturesmaterialthatisinthetextbook.“（16）we’vereadthematerial,wewantto（17）itorhearitelaboratedon,（18）repeated”“Alotofstudentshatetobuya（19）textthattheprofessorhaswritten（20）tohavehislecturesrepeatit.”问题1选项A.countingB.coveringC.figuringD.involving问题2选项A.bestB.lengthC.leastD.large问题3选项A.frankB.hard-workingC.politeD.reserved问题4选项A.atB.onC.ofD.over问题5选项A.describedB.addressedC.takenD.received问题6选项A.purchaseB.chaseC.satisfyD.follow问题7选项A.factB.occasionC.caseD.truth问题8选项A.atB.withC.onD.about问题9选项A.ifB.thoughC.asD.whether问题10选项A.satisfactoryB.unsatisfactoryC.satisfiedD.dissatisfied问题11选项A.interferedB.discouragedC.disturbedD.interrupted问题12选项A.soundsB.pronunciationC.voicesD.gestures问题13选项A.holdB.giveC.dropD.leave问题14选项A.mustn’tB.shouldn’tC.coul