英语短文汇编

UsingtheLibraryYoulookforabookinoneoftwoways:/eitheryou’llknowtheauthorandtitleofthebook,orelseyou’llwantabookonaparticularsubject./Let’sstartwithwhattodoifyouknowtheauthor’snameandthetitleofthebook./Thefirstthingistolookuptheauthor’snameintheAuthorCatalogue./Ifyoucanfindacardforthebook,/youshouldthenwritedownthreethings:/theauthor,thetitleandtheclassnumber./Nowfindtheclassnumberonthelibraryshelves./Therearenoticesonthebookcasescalledshelfguides./Ifyoufindthebookontheshelf,/andyouwanttoborrowit,takeittotheIssueDesk./Ifyoucan’tfindthebook,/itmeansthatsomeoneelsehasborrowedit,/soyoushouldaskthelibrariantoreserveitforyou.OldAgeManypeoplemistakenlybelievethatoldageisatimeofincreasedillnessandloneliness./Infact,peopledonotsuddenlychange/whentheyreachtheageof60or65./Furthermore,althoughmoreparentsandtheirmarriedchildrenliveinseparatehouseholdsthaneverbefore,/thisisusuallybychoice./Itisnotbecausechildrennowtendtoneglecttheirparentswhentheybecomeold./Itisalsowrongtobelieve/thatoldageseriouslyaffectsaperson’smentalabilities./Thereisclearproof/thatpeoplewhowereeagertolearn/andwhowelcomednewexperiencesintheirmiddleage,/continuetodosoinoldage./Itistruethatolderpeopletendtotakelongertolearnsomethingnewthanyourpeople./Nevertheless,iftheyaregivensufficienttime,/theylearnaswellasyoungpeopledo.BellInancienttimesallovertheworld,/itwasbelievedthatevilspiritscouldputupwith/justaboutanythingexcepttheclangingofthebell./Overtime,thebellitself,evenwhennotringing,/cametoberegardedasapowerfulluckysymbol./Becauseitissuspendedinahangingposition,/ittakesontherepresentationofalllifesuspendedbetweenheavenandearth./Itsvault-likeshapehasbecomeasymbolofheaven./BellsareusedinChristianchurchesaswellasHindu/andBuddhisttemplesasameansofkeepingevilsaway./Thebelltolledatfuneralsisnowexplainedasasignaltotheliving/thatasoulispassingtotheotherside/andshouldbeaccompaniedbyprayers./Butoriginallythetollingwasintendedtoprevent/evilforcesfrominterferingwiththesoul’sheavenwardjourney.TravelBooksTherearethreekindsoftravelbooks./Thefirstarethosethatgiveapersonal,subjectiveaccountoftravels/whichtheauthorhasactuallymadehimself./Ifthesebooksareinformative/andhaveagoodindex,/theycanbeveryusefultoyou/whenyouareplanningyourtravels./Thesecondcanbeclassifiedasselectiveguidebooks/whosepurposeistogiveapurelyobjectivedescriptionofthingstobedoneandseen./Thethirdarethosebookswhicharecalled“aguide”tosomeplaceorother./Theywillgiveananalysisoraninterpretation./Theycanbeasinspiringandentertainingasthefirstkind,/buttheirprimaryfunctionistoassistthereader/whowishestoplanhistour/inthemostpracticalway.ChangingRateofEmploymentWestGermanyhadoneofthelowestratesofunemploymentbackin1980./Itstoodatjustthreepercent./Butthenoverthenextthreeyearsitrosequitesharplyandsteadily./In1982itwasnearlysicpercent,/andin1983itwasthesameasFrance./1984sawaslightincrease,and1985aslightfall./The1985figurewaseightpercent,/inbetweenFranceandtheUnitedStates./TheUnitedStateshashadupsanddowns,/orrather,it’stheonlycountrytoshowasignificantdropinthenumberofunemployed./Thisisduetohighinterestrates,/whichhaven’thelpedtherestoftheworld./In1980theratewasaboutthesameasFranceandGreatBritain,/slightlyhigherthanFrance,actually,ataboutsevenpercent./Thisroseto7.5percentin1981,andthenpeakedthefollowingyearatoverninepercent.GraduateStudentGraduatestudentsspecializeinaparticularfieldofstudy./Theystudytobecomeexpertsinthisfield/andtolearnnewadvancesintheirfieldswhiletheyearnanM.A.orPh.D./SometimeswhentheygetanM.A.inonefieldtheybeginstudyinganotherfield./Theyhopethatwhentheyearntheirgraduatedegrees/theywillsucceedinfindingimportantjobs./Theyhopetogetjobsthatareinterestingandhighpaying./Thelifeofagraduatestudentisoftendifficult./Theyareusuallytoobusystudyingtomakeagoodliving./Oftentheyhavetopayhightuitionfeesfortheireducation./Somegiveupstudyingbeforetheygettheirdegrees./Butmostkeeponworkingattheirstudiesuntiltheygraduate./Intoday’sworld,mostgraduatestudentsdon’tregretspendingtimewiththeirstudies./Theyarefindingthatnewdevelopmentsareoccurringinallfields./Formanygraduate,studyhasbecomeanecessity.RainyBritainBritainisfamousaroundtheworldforitsrainyweather,/butmanypartsofthecountrythisJune/areexperiencingmuchmorerainthantheyhaveeverseenbefore./Torrentialdownpourshavecausedriverstobursttheirbanks,/roadshavebeenclosedandmanypeoplehavebeenevacuated/fromtheirhomesbecauseofthefloods./TheworsthitareaseemstobethenorthofEngland./Therehaveevenbeenfatalitiesaspeoplegotstuckintherain/orwerewashedawaybythefloodwaters./FloodwarningshavebeenissuedinmanypartsoftheUK/anditissaidthatoveramonth’sworthofrainhasfalleninjustthelastcoupleofdays./TherainhasalsocausedchaosatsomeofBritain’sfamousJuneevents./TheGlastonburyfestivalisafour-day-longoutdoormusicfestival/andwhileitistraditionallyquiterainyandmuddythere,/thisyearwasparticularlybad.SunbedIntheUK,acountryknownforitsbadweatherandlackofsunshine,/thereappearstobeaneverincreasingnumberofverytannedyoungpeople./Sojusthowaretheyachievingtheirgoldentans?/Someareoptingforthesun-freeoption/andaregettingtheirtanfromabottle./However,itappearsthatothersareturningtotanningsalons,/ofwhichtherearethousandsintheUK./WhileinChinayoungpeopleoftenprefertoremainfair,/intheUKthereseemstobeagrowingdesirefortannedskin./SowhydotheBritishprefertobebronzed?/Often,theyaretryingtoemulatetheirfavoritecelebrities,footballers,orfootballer’swives./ResearchfromtheBritishSunbedAssociationsuggeststhat/manypeoplebelieveatanmakesthemfeelandlookhealthier./ThisisabeliefthatismostdefinitelynotsharedbyCancerResearchUK./Theyfirmlystatethatbeingtannedisnotasignofhealth.BallGamesBallgameshavebecomeanintegralpartofmodernsociety./Theygiveusentertainmentprovidingusameanstosafelyfreeourselvesfromstress./Therearemanydifferentballgamesthatcandothisforus./Somepeopleenjoyfootball,whileotherslikebasketball./ThesetwoballgamesarethemostpopularinChina./Othergamessuchasbaseballaregrowinginappeal,yethavenotbecomepopular./Thedevelopmentofthesegamesisinteresting./Basketballisoneofthefewsportswithaknowndateofbirth./Football,orsoccer,originallydevelopedfromtraitsfoundinbothChinaandEurope./Ithasgrowntobecometheworld’smostpopularsport./InEurope,footballclubshavebeenestablished,/whichinturnhasbeencopiedintherestoftheworld./Thesefootballclubstrainplayers/whomaylatergoplayfortheirnationsintheWorldCup./Thisisthemostwatchedballgamechampionshipontheplanet.FamousUniversityManycountrieshaveexcellentuniversities./Thereare,however,fewworldfamousones./Theseuniversitieshaveachievedtheirfame/throughacombinationofboththeirage/andthehighlevelsofqualityintheirinstruction./Throughouttheirhistories,/eachonehasbeenatestinggroundfortheleadershipofthenation./IntheUnitedStates,HarvardandYaleattractthousandsofforeignstudents/whowouldusewhattheylearnfortheadvancementoftheirownnations./Inthisway,theseschoolshavedevelopedaninterestingmethodofinternationalcommunication./Graduatesaroundtheworldareabletoconnectwitheachother/byhavinggraduatedfromoneofthefinestuniversitiesintheworld./Leadersineveryfield,whethergovernmentofficialsorground-breakingscientists,/whograduatedformthesameschoolhaveadirectlinktoeachother/andunderstandeachothermuchbetterInternetRelationshipInternetrelationshipsareonesthataremadethroughonlinecommunication/withaprospectivefriendordate./Nowadays,manypeopleareturningtowardsmakingssuchrelationships/astheythinkthesearemorereliablethanonesthatarecreatedbymeetinginperson./Peoplehavetheirownindividualviewsregardingsuchrelationships./Internetrelationshipscanbemade/forthepurposeofgettingadateorjustfriendship./Thereisadebategoingonintheonlinecommunityabouttheseonlinerelationships./Somesaythatthesekindofbondingisnotatallreliable,/asanyonecanposeasapersonwhoisnot,inreality./Ontheotherhand,ifyouusetheInternetinthebestpossiblemanner,/thisbondingcangowellfurthergenuinely./Thissimplymeansthat,alongwithemailsandchats,/ifyouusereal-timeaudioandvideoconversations,/youcanbeassuredthatthepersononlineisnotfakinghisidentity.GivingandSharingThespiritofgivingandsharingisatitspeakduringtheChristmasseason./Peoplearesogeneroustodoleoutgifts,/moneyandotherthingstopeopletheycareabout,/andattimestocharity,too./Thisinnatefeelinginusisalwaysthere./It’snotonlyforspecialseasonsliketheholidays/thatweshouldbeabletogive/andsharewhateverwehaveinabundance./Itmostlikelytobetheinstinctivefeelinginus/thatweshouldbewillingtoshareandgivesomethingallyearround/especiallytothosewhoareinneed.Theholidayfeelingisallaroundus./ThemallsarealldecoratedwithprettyandshinyChristmasdecorsallaround./There’shappyChristmasmusicbeingheardallovertheplace./Alotofpeopleareshoppingbecausetherearelotsofsalesanddiscountsoffered.MakeaGoodSpeechEveryonerecognizestheimportanceofspeakingEnglishwell./InschooloneofthechiefthingstolearnandtopracticemaybethereadingandwritingofEnglish,/butineverydaylifeweconveyourthoughtstootherpeople/byspeakingfarmoreoftenthanbywriting./Whatwesayandhowwesayitdeterminetheopinionthatotherpeopleformaboutus./Apersonwhospeaksclearlyandpleasantlyobviouslyhasaverygreatadvantage./Apersonwhocannotordoesnotspeakacceptablyisunderagreathandicap/----hemayhaveafinecharacter,/hemayhavemanygoodqualities,/buthemaystillbeheldback./Perhapsthechiefthingaboutspeakingisnottobeafraidofit./Thereisnorealneedtobenervous/andyoushouldtrytoavoidshowingnervousness./Butthebestwayofovercomingyourperfectlynaturalfeelingsofshynessistogoaheadandspeak/andsoaccustomyourselftothesituationofbeingonyourfeetwithagroupofpeoplelisteningtoyou./TableMannersWehaveallgonetoadinnerandusedourneighbor’sfor,glassorbreadplate./Howembarrassingitis!/Sohere’sashortcutsothatyoucanknowexactlywhatisyours:/yourplateisinthecenter./Knivesandspoonsareonyourright,andforksandyournapkinontheleft./Liquidsgotoyourright,andsolidsgoonyourleft./Youknowwhereyourstuffis./Butnowit’stimetoknowhowtouseeverythingproperly./Takeyournapkinandplaceitonyourlaprightawaywhenyousitdown./Itshouldneverbeonthetable./Justputitonyourlap,notintoyourshirt./Theforkfurthesttotheoutsideistheoneyoushouldusefortheappetizer./Whenthenextpartofthemealcomes,/usethenextoutermostfork,andsoon./Samedealgoesforthespoonsandknives./WritingforAdviceMostAmericansdon’tliketogetadvicefrommembersoftheirfamily./Whentheyneedadvice,theydon’tusuallyaskpeopletheyknow./Instead,manyAmericanswriteletterstonewspapersandmagazines/whichgiveadviceonmanydifferentsubjects,/includingfamilyproblems,theuseoflanguages,health,cooking,childcare,clothesandhowtobuyahouseoracar./Mostnewspapersregularlyprintlettersfromreaderswithproblems./Alongwiththelettersthereareanswerswrittenbypeople/whoaresupposedtoknowhowtosolvesuchproblems./Someofthesewritersaredoctors;/othersarelawyersoreducators./Buttwoofthemostfamouswritersofadvicearewomen/withoutspecialtrainingforthiskindofwork./Oneofthemanswerslettersaddressedto“DearMary”./Theotherisaddressedas“DearAnnSmith”./Experienceistheirpreparationforgivingadvice./词汇1.curious2.figure3.persistent4.independent5.unusual6.interact7.formal8.complicated9.abstract10.solve　11.mystery12.exist13.appropriately14.explore15.model16.gradually17refine18.concepts19.preserve20.adult21.female22.appreciate23.addition  24.constantly25.household26.psychologist 27.impression28.chat29.infant30.license31.convenient32.repeat33.legal34.rate35.recognize 36.obligation37.receive38.challenge 39.assess40.submit41.wisdom 42.emotional43e-mail44.identify 45.coordinate46.collaborate47.daily48.suitable49.concert50.vocabulary51.circumstance52.philosophy53.secret 54.inappropriate55.concern56.practice57.offender58.despite59.specific60.responsibility61.criminal62.survive63.hand-written64.demonstration65.refuse66.guilty67.commit68.instructions69.odd70.complicated71.content72.acquire73.prime74.restore75.payers76.shed77.dissatisfaction78.intentionally79.insane80.practice81.insight82.overtime83.rewards84.alternative85.shift86.jail87.whereby88.account89.advance90.staff91.symbol92.decade93.affair94.export95.apparent96.globe97.acquire98.transfer99.dependence100.commerce101.prestigious102.percentage103.combination104.disadvantage105.competence106.convenient107.suffer108.jam109.emit110.tongue111.official112.administration113.transportation114.vehicle115.trigger116.logical117.link118.Belgium　　119.ancient120.derive121.texture122.associate123.subject124.relate125.investigate126.immense127.particularly128.variability129.identity130.deliver131.intricate132.accuracy133.largely134.non-native　　135.instinct136.register137.claim138.recall139.consistently140.promote141.tragic142.commit143.outcome144.isolation145.anxiety146.average147.performance148.attain149.trace150.statistically151.scale152.colleague153.accurate154.obesity155.loneliness156.immune157.psychologists158.vital159.diverse160.vulnerable161.intelligent162.foundation163.romantic164.reflect165.components166.accomplish167.profound168.dramatically169.deprive170.hinder171.merely172.concrete173.blur174.affect175.well-being176.equivalent177.achievement178.devise