.[全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程]1-重点单词、短语

Ｕ１ 1. 断断续续off and on　　　　　　　　　　　　　2. 对…感到腻味be bored by ... 3. 觉得…枯燥难懂find ... dull and difficult　　　　4. 以…而出名have a reputation for... 5. 据说某人…sb. be said to be ...　6. 拘谨刻板，落后于时代formal, rigid and out-of-date 7. 随笔小品文an informal essay　　　　　　　　　　　8. 躺在沙发上lie on a sofa 9. 不得不面对…　face up to ...　10. 围坐在晚餐桌旁be seated around the supper table 11. …重现在我脑海中... reawake in my mind　　　　　12. 自得其乐for my own joy 13. 违反violate the rules　　　　　　　　　　　　14. 不及格分a failing grade 15. 别无选择，只好做…There is no choice but to do...　16. 更不可思议的是what’s more 17. 专心听讲listen attentively18. 乐乎乎地开怀大笑laugh with open-hearted enjoyment 19. 心花怒放pure delight　　　　　　　　　　20. 最后的时刻at the eleventh hour 1、沉闷的，无趣的 Dull, lifeless, cheerless, tedious 2、写，写出，写下来 Turn out, write, compose, put down 3、合理的，得体的 proper, respectable 4、人们想起什么 I recalled the laughing arguments ... Vivid memories of sth. Come flooding back to sb. sth. reawakes in on one’s mind 5、再体验 recapture, relive 6、快乐，幸福Joy, pleasure, delight, happiness 7、嘲笑，嘲弄 contempt, ridicule 8、话题，题目 topic, title 1. 我们的经理在想法上是很如此顽固，一成不变的，他从不听从别人的意见。 •Our manager is so rigid in his thinking, that he never listens to new ideas. 2.童年的片段如此的栩栩如生，浮现在我眼前。 •Parts of my childhood are so vivid to me. 3.汤姆已经被派往巴黎的新办公室工作。 •Tom has been assigned to the new Paris office. 4.她对20年后长什么样有着清醒的形象认识。 •She had a clear image of how she would look in twenty years’ time. Ｕ２ 1. He must have been completely lost in something he was reading...(L1) must have been表示猜测过去发生的事情，“那肯定是” might have done表示猜测，这种猜测不太肯定，“可能” could have done本可以做（却没有）; 表示对过去动作的猜测，“可能” ought to/should have done表示假设， 过去应该做而没有做含有责备的意思 2. He must have been completely lost in something he was reading because I had to tap on the windshield to get his attention.(L1) be lost in=lose oneself in: be absorbed in, be occupied with 专心致志于 focus on, concentrate on, abandon oneself to 3. Is you cab available?(L3) available: able to be used, had or reached可用的，可得到的;可接受探访的，可见客人的 I'm sorry, those overcoats are not available in your color and size. 对不起,这种外套没有你要的颜色和尺码。 There are no tickets available for “Transformers”. The lawyer is not available now. 4.He sounded as if he had a cold or something.(L5) as if 好像 一般情况下引出的从句表示的不是实际的情况，要用虚拟语气；如果as if后面的从句所表示的情况是真实的或很可能是真实的，从句的动词不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气。在look, smell, sound, feel, taste后尤其如此。 The girl listened quietly as if she had been turned to stone. She loves the boy as if she were his mother． It sounds as if it is raining． 5.He sounded as if he had a cold or something.(L5) or something: 诸如此类的事 =or something like that Here‟s some money． Get yourself a hamburger or something． He is writing a poem or something. 6. it might as well have been family .(L13) might/may as well 不放，无妨，后直接跟动词原形 It will be quite some time before the next bus comes. We may as well walk home. 7.I’m not much of a hand at writing.(L13) 我不大会写东西。 not much of a: not a good不太好的 Some people may think that doing housework for others is not much of a job. Can you sing/dance/draw/cook? I am not much of a singer/dancer/painter/cook. 8. I don’t think any of us keep up our correspondence to well.(L16) keep up: continue without stopping保持 I don‟t believe he can keep up working like that. keep off避开，不接近 keep on继续进行 keep to坚持，信守 keep up with跟上，赶上 keep out of躲开，置身于外 9. I don’t think any of us keep up our correspondence to well.(L16) correspondence: 通信联系; 符合, 一致 The correspondence dropped after the enemy's airraid. There isn„t much correspondence between his words and actions. 1.完全沉浸于be completely lost in　　　　　　　　2.引起„的注意get sb.’s attention 3.坐进后座settle into the back seat　　　　　　　　　　　　　　4.不着急in no hurry 5.不大会„not much of a hand at…　　　　　　6.保持通信往来keep up correspondence 7.从小学一直到高中all the way through both grade and high school 8. 老街坊an old neighborhood　　　　　　　　　　　9. 保持联系keep in touch with 10. 老同学聚会a class reunion　　　　　　　　　　　　11. 时间不饶人Time goes by. 12. 在一起闲逛hang out on the same corner　　　　　　13. 点头称是nod in agreement 14. 在远处in the distance 1.尽管不可能每个人都能回家，但是他们依然在继续这个计划。 •Although it is unlikely that everyone will be able to go home ,they are still going ahead with this plan. 2.由于有些事情意想不到的发生了，恐怕我不能按时完成这个项目了。 •Something has come up and I am afraid I will not be able to accomplish the project on time 3.由于糟糕的天气据估计有上千乘客被滞留在机场。 Because of the awful weather, it is estimated　that over one thousand passengers were　held up at airport 4.因为他们准备听你诉说，那你就把你所有的苦水都倒出来吧。 •Since they’re ready to lend an ear, you might as well pour out your troubles to them. 5.他神情有点悲伤，似乎想看清远处的什么东西。我想我真应该早些写这封信。 •He looked sort of sorrowful, or as if he were trying to see something in the distance. I guess I should have written it sooner. Ｕ３ likely: It is likely that … 很可能 It is highly likely that he will succeed 我下个月很有可能在这边。 I shall very likely be here again next month. He can’t do without the services of a secretary. bring about : cause to happen bring forth 产生；提出 bring up 教育；养育；提出 1. 在过去的一百年间in the last hundred years　　　　　　　　　2. 回到go back to 3. 享有特权的少数人a privileged minority　　　　　4. 当今政府the present government 5. 基础科学basic science　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　6. 全球政府a global state 7. 民主社会a democratic society　　　　　8. 作出明达的决定make informed decisions 9. 生活水准the standard of living　　　　　　　　　　　10. 卡通人物cartoon figures 11. 科幻小说science fictions　　12. 酸雨acid rain　　　13. 温室效应greenhouse effect 14. 核武器nuclear weapons　　　　　　　　　　　15. 基因工程genetic engineering 16. 死记硬背learn by rote　　　　　　　　　　　　　17. 使销量减半halve the sales 18. 分子生物学molecular biology　　　　　　　　　　19. 外星文明alien civilization 20. 对…充满信心have sufficient faith in… 这工作在前景方面还是很有优势的 但是工资非常的低。 The job is great in terms of advancement but the starting salary is rather low 似乎政府还没有意识的到问题的严重性。 It seems the government has not yet grasped the seriousness of the problem 我的现在的工资是两年前挣的两倍 My income is now twice as much as I used to earn two years ago 正如外界预测的那样，这家外企的失败不是由于缺少资金而是由于管理不善。 The failure of the joint venture was not, as was assumed by outsider, because of lack of capital, but because of poor management. 苏珊没有被告知为什么被解雇. Susan was not informed of the reason why she was dismissed. 这些电脑游戏不仅可以用来娱乐还可以 用来学习 These computer games entertain as well as educate the learner. Ｕ４ 1. But one evening I found him standing in the driveway... (L2) find/see/watch/notice/hear/observe/feel sb doing sth. 感官类动词+宾语+doing：表示宾语正在做某事 加动词原形表示对某一件事见到了它的全过程，着重强调结果 I notice him playing cell phone games in the class. He saw a girl getting on the bus.(意为上车的动作正在进行。) He saw a girl get on the bus.(意为女孩上车的动作已经结束了。) 2. I went into my house unhappy. (L10) 形容词作补足语修饰主语：S+V.+adj. 形容词（短语）作主语补足语或宾语补足语。 Every day, the kids came home from school, dusty and hungry. 这个新任命的主任走进他的办公室，高兴并且自信。 The new appointed director walked into his office, cheerful and confident. They found the farm green with vegetables ， the little house livable and homey ． 3. ...but how could I turn away a person who had come to me for help? (L10) turn away: refuse to help sb. or to allow sb. to enter a place 拒绝帮助，不让...进入；把脸转过去 A doctor can’t turn away a dying man. He turned away several people who didn’t have the tickets. 4. I assumed you had hired him. (L10) assume: ①suppose假设，以为②采用，承担，开始担任③装出，显出 A large proportion of population assume the price will continue to rise. At the age of 40, he assumed presidency of the college. She assumed a look of surprise when she heard the news. assumption-假定；假设 presume-假定，假设，认为presumption consume consumption resume resumption 5. I complimented him on the work he had done. (L10) compliment: praise 赞扬，赞美 v. compliment sb. on sth. praise sb. for sth. n. 赞美的言辞或行为;致意，问候（复数） Her guests complimented her on the decoration of her house. She received many compliments on the design of her new dress. 她那新裙子的设计,受到许多人称赞。 Extend my compliments to your family. 6. I managed to work out some kind of small weekly pay. (L24)-Translation work out: plan, solve, calculate 制定出，解决，算出,理解，弄懂 weekly: 每周的，一周一次的 We’ll leave it to the committee to work out the details of the plan. See if you can work this puzzle out. I can’t work out the meaning of this poem. Are you paid weekly or monthly?我设法凑了一小笔微薄的周薪。 7. Well, what do you do with such determination and hope? (L30) do with:对待，处理-used in questions with what What have you done with my book? What are we going to do with the food left over from the party? do without: 没有…也行，将就 do away with: 废除，去掉 have something to do with: 和…有点关系 have nothing to do with: 和…毫无关系 8. But I doubted whether Tony had the capacity to read blueprints and micrometers or do precision work. (L36) capacity: 1) the ability to understand or do sth. 能力，才能2) the power of ability to hold 容量 This book is within the capacity of young readers. The seating capacity of this theater is over 500. capacity, ability, capability capacity 用于物时，指容纳接受的能力，如容积、容量、生产 能力；用于人时，指潜在的能力。 ability 既指天赋的能力， 也指培养造就而获得的本领；主要用于人，指 已经表现出来的实际能力，尤指人的思维能力。 capability 较多用于人，指胜任某项工作的能力、本领。 9. He had learned to read the millionths of an inch on the micrometer and to shape the grinding wheel with an instrument set with a diamond. My wife and I were delighted with what we felt was a satisfying end of the story. (L42) 他学会了在千分尺上辨识一百万分之一英寸，会用镶嵌着金刚石的工具制作砂轮。我和太太都挺高兴，觉得他的事总算有了个令人满意的结局。 10.On the edge of town, he had found a house for sale, a complete wreck. (L45) for sale 代售 Wreck 残破物；残骸 on sale 减价，贱卖 a sale on credit 赊购 11. I called on a banker friend. “Do you ever loan money on character?” (L48) call on: visit sb. for a short time拜访 character: 品德，品质；个性，特色，性格；人物；字 I shall call on my advisor before I start writing the term paper. call on sb. to do sth:请或叫某人做某事; 号召，呼吁 He has a strong but gentle character.他有坚强但温柔的性格。 a leading character; a Chinese character characteristic: 特性，特征; 特有的，表示特性的 12. You’re not getting a damn thing from your lot. It will stay there for years. (L51)-Translation 眼下，你从你那块地上一分钱也得不到。那块地空在那儿要好多年呢。 lot:地皮，场地 a vacant lot a parking lot 13.Reluctantly, the banker wrote a mortgage for $2,000 and gave Tony the house with no down payment. (L54)-Translation 那位银行家勉强开了两千美金抵押贷款，没要托尼首付款就把房子给了他。 mortgage买房者可以先贷一大笔款来买下房子，然后通过分期付款慢慢还债，这种贷款方式就叫做mortgage（抵押）， pay one's mortgage in monthly installment（每月分期付款偿还抵押借款） installment payment 分期付款 down payment: the initial payment 14. From then on, it was interesting to see that any discarded odds and ends around our place ─ a broken screen, a bit of hardware, boards from packing ─ Tony would gather and take home. (L55) They discarded empty bottles/ old beliefs ． discard 指“抛弃、丢弃”无用的、已经成为负担或障碍的人或物 abandon “丢弃、离弃”指彻底、永久地离开某个地方，如家园、船只、飞机等；表示“抛弃、遗弃”时，宾语为人，往往指割断某种关系（如亲情、友情等）；还可表示“放弃（希望、努力等）” discard: throw away 抛弃 odds and ends:零碎的东西 15. I was amazed. (L62) amaze: surprise sb. very much 使惊愕，使诧异 be amazed at (by)对…大为惊奇 Her knowledge amazes me. Visitors were amazed at the achievements in the car manufacture of the city during the past decade. astonish>amaze>surprise, 但amaze有惊叹之意 amazing:令人惊异的; amazement:惊愕，惊异 16. He had sent for his wife and son and daughter back in Italy. (L62) send for: ask for the arrival of派人去叫，召唤，派人去拿 We may have to send to Japan for spare parts. What will you do if your water pipes have burst？ We must send for a plumber. 17. ...until he found a small, abandoned piece of property with a house and shed.(L62) abandon: give up completely or forever 抛弃，放弃 property: 房地产；财产；所有权 The scientist abandoned his research for lack of fund. With more and more people purchasing houses, property prices have been on the rise. The police found some stolen property hidden in the thief’s house. Intellectual Property-知识产权 18. Tony was sponsoring him. (L62) sponsor: v. 为...做保证人，资助；主办，发起 n. 保证人，主办者，发起人 His academic achievements are much attributed to his sponsor. 他在学业上的成就很大程度上要归功于他的担保人。 The term soap opera was coined because the TV series were originally sponsored by soap powder companies. 19. With an amused look in his eye, he told me that when they approached the little farm... (L62) an amused look: 顽皮的表情 amuse:逗乐，给...提供娱乐 be amused at/by/with以…为乐；对…觉得有趣/好笑 amusement n. 娱乐，消遣，乐趣; amusing引人发笑的，有趣的; amused感到有趣的，被逗乐的 approach: v. 1) come near to接近; 2) 处理 n. 1) 接近，走近 2) 步骤，方法 As people approached old age their energy may diminish. We need to find a better way of approaching this problem. The approach of winter brings cold weather. present a new approach 20. Tony had passed away. (L62) pass away: (euphemism) die仙逝，逝世 The teenager has lived on his own since his parents passed away four years ago. 21.I asked our people to check on his family and see that everything was properly handled. (L62) check on: 检查 see that (see to it that): make sure that handle: manage, control管理，处理，操纵 ndled a difficult argument skillfully. He saw (to it) that much of his son’s spare time was profitably occupied. If you have 4 or 5 children, what will you feel? 22. and Tony didn’t owe a cent. (L62) owe:欠， 欠债；感恩；感激；归功于 owe sb sth.; owe sth to sth. I owe him ten dollars. He owes his success to his hard work. owing to由于 23. He grew stature in my mind. (L84) He grew taller and greater in my mind. (His social status improved enough in my mind. ) 在我心目中，他的形象越来越高大。 Ｕ５ fall in love with爱上某人 first love初恋 Mr. Right白马王子puppy love/calf love早恋 fall in love at first sight一见钟情 love letter情 love sick相思病的 love affair 风流韵事 lovelorn/ be crossed in love失恋 break up分手 blind date相亲 a dear John letter绝交信 Beauty lies in the eyes of the beholder. Love is blind情人眼里出西施 1. straighten: to become straight (Line 1) 名词/形容词+-en动词 en作后缀 en-+名词/形容词动词 en作前缀 Hairdresser use a hot iron to straighten women’s hair. widen, weaken, broaden, fasten, sharpen, threaten, heighten, lengthen enlarge, enrich, endanger, enslave 2. make one’s way: 去，前进 (Line 2) 后面可以跟介词across, into, to, toward, through等 The old man slowly rose from his seat and made his way to the front of the bus. Visitors are requested not to make their way across the lawn. It will be difficult to make our way through the crowd. make one’s way: 去，前进 feel one’s way摸索着前进 squeeze one's way. 挤(出去), 冲(出去) fight one's way 打出道路,奋斗前进 edge one’s way侧着走 inch one’s way慢慢挪着走 force one’s way奋力地走 struggle one’s way艰难地走 3. Taking a book off the shelf, he soon found himself absorbed, not by the words…. (Line 6) be absorbed in: completely hold one’s attention ( be absorbed by/in sth.) I was so absorbed in the detective story that I didn’t hear Martin come in. be lost in; be occupied with 4. The soft handwriting reflected a thoughtful soul and insightful mind. (L8) reflect: 1. be a sign of, show反映，显示 2. 反射3.思考(on/upon) n. reflection The Ugly Duckling saw himself reflected in the water, unhappy. He reflected before answering my question. The statistics reflect a change in people's spending habits. 秀气的字体显示出多思善虑的心灵和富有洞察力的头脑。 5. he discovered the previous owner’s name. (L9) previous: happening or coming before or earlier 早先，先前的 He has had no previous experience of this kind of job. Previous to her departure she gave a big party. former, previous, prior 在前的,在先的 former “以前的”(时间上在前的) ; “前者的” the former Prime Minister the former, the latter previous “较早的”(时间上); “在前的”(顺序上) prior :预先的；在前的, 用法与previous 相同；更重要的；优先的 其它词只用作定语, prior to可作表语. This task is prior to all others. 6. he located her address. (L10) locate:1.找到…的位置 2.使座落于 It is located in the east of Ningbo. Police are still trying to locate the suspect. Can you locate the Junior College of Wanli University on the map? 你能在地图上指出万里学院基础学院的位置吗？ be located / situated in = lie in 坐落于,位于 7. He wrote her a letter introducing himself and inviting her to correspond. (L10) correspond:1.通信 2.符合,相一致 correspondence The U.S Congress corresponds to the British Parliament. Love grew between John Blanchard and Miss Maynell as they kept corresponding with each other. I assure you that my actions will correspond with my words. 8. If your feeling for me has any reality, any honest basis, what I look like won’t matter. Suppose I'm beautiful. I'd always be haunted by the feeling ( that you had been taking a chance on just that), and that kind of love would disgust me. Suppose I'm plain (and you must admit that this is more likely). Then I'd always fear that you were going on writing to me only because you were lonely and had no one else. (L17-21) 如果你对我的感情是真实的，是诚心诚意的，那我的相貌如何并不重要。设想我美丽动人。我将会一直深感不安，惟恐你只是因为我的容貌就贸然与我相爱，而这种爱情令我憎恶。设想本人相貌平平（你得承认，这种可能性更大）。那我一直会担心，你和我保持通信仅仅是出于孤独寂寞，无人交谈。 9. take a chance (L19) run a risk; take a risk 冒险，投机，碰碰运气 The man often takes chances on horse-racing. You take a chance on the weather if you spend your holiday in the UK. 10. When the day finally came for him to return from Europe, they scheduled their first meeting. (L26) schedule: 安排，排定 v. be scheduled to do sth; be scheduled for sth. 时间表，进度表 n. The President Hu is scheduled to meet with the British Prime Minister. 胡锦涛主席下个月与英语首相会面。 on schedule按时，准时 ahead of schedule提前 behind schedule落后于 according to schedule 按照计划 11. So, at 7:00 p.m. he was in the station looking for a girl who had filled such a special place in his life for the past 12 months, a girl he had never seen, yet whose written words had been with him and sustained him unfailingly. (L31)-Translation sustain: 支撑；维持；蒙受，遭受 12. A young woman was coming toward me, her figure long and slim. (L34) 语法结构：独立主格 absolute construction 不使用独立主格，句子应为： A young woman was coming toward me. Her figure was long and slim. A young woman was coming toward me and her figure was long and slim. 独立主格结构是由一个名词（或代词）+现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词、介词短语等构成的。 三个条件： 1. 两个句子的主语不同 2. 两个句子间不能有连词来连接 3. 两个句子间用逗号，不是句号和分号 The little girl entered the room, her face red with cold. The whole village was deadly silent, the only sign of life being a goat tied on a rope to a tree by the road. A woman well past 40, she had graying hair pinned up under a worn hat. She was more than a little overweight, her thick-ankled feet thrust into low-heeled shoes. 13. The girl in the green suit was walking quickly away. I felt as though I was split in two, so keen was my desire to follow her, and yet so deep was my longing for the woman (whose spirit had truly companioned me and upheld my own.) (L47) 穿着绿色套装的姑娘快步走开了。我觉得自己好像被撕成了两半，想随她而去的欲望太强烈了，可我又渴望那个心灵真正陪伴过并成为我的精神支柱的女人。 keen:.①强烈的②热切的，渴望的③敏捷的，敏锐的 ① He has a keen interest in computer games. ②Some Chinese students are keen to go abroad to pursue their studies. ③ Her hearing is not so keen as it used to be. 14. My finger gripped the small worn blue leather copy of the book (that was to identify me to her.) (L62) identify:①识别，认出 ②等同于，认为...(with) Even the smallest baby can identify its mother by her voice. 那种认为有钱就能幸福的观点是错误的。 Never identify opinions with facts. It is wrong to identify wealth with happiness. identification:辨认，鉴定 identity:身份 ID card 15.She is very grateful for what you have done for her. grateful a. 感激的，感谢的 be grateful to sb. for sth. gratitude:感谢的心情 I am full of gratitude to you for helping me. 16. Tell me whom you love and I will tell you who you are. (L68) Birds of a feather flock together I can judge you by the person you love. do sth. and sb. will do sth. Come late again and the boss will dismiss you. Study hard or I will give you a failing grade. 1. 结结巴巴的英语broken English 2. 大萧条时期the Depression days 3. 上门求助come to sb. for help 4. 重整业务rebuild one’s business 5. 夏去秋来summer passes into fall 6. 人事部门personnel department 7. 工人train laborers 8. 徒工学校an apprentice school 9. 精密加工工作precision work 10.减薪水take a cut in pay 11. 人品贷款loan money on character 12. 没门no sale 13. 人品端正a man of character 14. 首付down payment 15. 从那以后from then on 16. 零星杂物odds and ends 17. 样子自信have a look of confidence 18. 穿戴整齐be neatly dressed 19. 儿时的伙伴childhood friends 20. 最后in the end I went into my house and I was unhappy./I went into my house unhappy. (p105) 我很不开心的走进我的家。 Impressed by his determination and optimi