2015年广西民族大学考研真题211-翻译硕士英语A

2015年广西民族大学考研真题211-翻译硕士英语A 广 西 民 族 大 学 2015年硕士研究生入学考试初试自命题科目试题 (试卷代号:A卷) 科目代码: 211 科目名称: 翻译硕士英语 适用学科专业: 翻译硕士 研究方向: 英语笔译、英语口译 命题教师签名: 考生须知 1(必须写在答题纸上～写在试题上无效。 2(答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔作答～用其它笔答题不给分。 3(交卷时～请配合监考人员验收～并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字,作为考生交 卷的凭证,。否则～产生的一切后果由考生自负。 第 1 页 共 14 页 Part I. Basic English Knowledge (30 points) Section A: Multiple-choice (20 points) Directions: There are forty multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet. 1. The design of this auditorium shows a great deal of _____. We have never seen such a building before. A) orientation B) originality C) illusion D) invention 2. We've just installed a fan to _____ cooking smells from the kitchen. A) eject B) expel C) exclude D) exile 3. Very few people could understand the lecture the professor delivered because its subject was very _____. A) intriguing B) indefinite C) obscure D) dubious 4. Because of the _____ noise of traffic I couldn't get to sleep last night. A) progressive B) provocative C) perpetual D) prevalent 5. They are _____ investors who always make thorough investigations both on local and international markets before making an investment. A) indecisive B) implicit C) cautious D) conscious 6. A big problem in learning English as a foreign language is lack of opportunities for _____ interaction with proficient speakers of English. A) instantaneous B) provocative C) verbal D) dual 第 2 页 共 14 页 7. As my exams are coming next week, I?ll take advantage of the weekend to _____ on some reading. A) catch up B) clear up C) make up D) pick up 8. He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man _____ he was twenty years ago. A) which B) that C) who D) whom 9. _____, he can now only watch it on TV at home. A) Obtaining not a ticket for the match B) Not obtaining a ticket for the match C) Not having obtained a ticket for the match D) Not obtained a ticket for the match 10. Failure to follow the club rules _____ him from the volleyball team. A) disfavored B) dispelled C) disqualified D) dismissed 11. Have you ever received _____ of what has happened to her? A) the word B) words C) word D) the words 12. In her writing, Elinor Wyle often dealt with her own personality as it was, rather than _____. A) as others defined it B) its definition by others C) it was defined by others D) other?s definition 13. _____, she never alters a decision. A) Come what may B) What may come C) May what come D) May come whatever 14. It was as a physician that he represented himself, and _____ he was warmly received. A) so that 第 3 页 共 14 页 B) such as C) as that D) as such 15. We could see that the larger of the Brothers(an island) rose sheer out of the sea, _____ some two hundred feet high. A) the cliffs were B) being the cliffs C) with the cliffs D) the cliffs being 16. Of all reasons against humanity, there is no one worse than _____ who employs great intellectual force to keep down the intellect of his less favored brothers. A) him B) one C) that D) he 17. Life insurance is financial protection for dependents against loss _____ the bread-winner?s death. A) at the cost of B) on the verge of C) as a result of D) for the sake of 18. That sound doesn?t _____ in his language, so it?s difficult for him to pronounce it. A) happen B) occur C) have D) take place 19. This organization is completely _____ any political association, and is able to conduct its own business with foreign counterparts. A) inclusive of B) devoid of C) independent of D) ignorant of 20. A television camera produces an image by converting _____ receives into a series of bright and dark dots. A) and it B) it C) what it D) that it 第 4 页 共 14 页 21. At the airport, I could hear nothing except the roar of aircraft engines which _____ all other sounds. A) diminished B) drowned C) dwarfed D) devastated 22. There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young one has a glorious future before him and the old one has a _____ future behind him. A) splendid B) dreamy C) luxurious D) fateful 23. The total EU trade deficit with Japan has _____ around $20 billion for the past three years. A) hanged B) held C) hovered D) hunted 24. By 1817 the United States Congress had done away with all internal taxes and was relying on tariffs on imported goods to provide _____ revenue to run the government. A) efficient B) accurate C) additional D) sufficient 25. Many technological innovations, such as the telephone, _____ the result of sudden bursts of inspiration in fact were preceded by many inconclusive efforts. A) whose appearance B) and appear to be C) are appearing D) that appear to be 26. In many ways children live, _____, in a different world from adults. A) as it turned out B) as it was C) as it were D) as it is 27. Our democratic faith is more than the _____ of our country; it is the inborn hope of our humanity, an ideal we carry but do not own, a trust we bear and pass along. (President George W. Bush) A) ideology B) virtue C) creed 第 5 页 共 14 页 D) dogma 28. We must always go into the whys and wherefores of anything. _____ should we follow anyone like sheep. A) In no account B) By all account C) In any account D) On no account 29. Please _____ yourself from smoking and spitting in public places, since the law forbids them. A) hinder B) restrain C) restrict D) prohibit 30. This year will be difficult for this organization because it _____. A) had less money and fewer volunteers than it did last year B) has less money and fewer volunteers than it had last year C) has both less money and fewer volunteers than last year D) has less money and fewer volunteers than those of last year 31. “I thought you had planned to practice piano today.” “I did nothing but _____ letters all day.” A) to write B) wrote C) write D) writing 32. The most useful way of looking at a map is not as a piece of paper, but as a record of _____. A) organized geographical information B) geographical organized information C) organizing information geographically D) geographically organized information 33. Though the outlaw _____ he would never be taken alive, he submitted without a struggle when the police arrived. A) boasted B) declaimed C) denied D) defended 34. Despite his disappointing record this year, I _____ feel he is the best man in our team. A) nonetheless B) otherwise C) therefore 第 6 页 共 14 页 D) moreover 35. More than half of those committing murder and violent assaults _____ alcohol immediately before the crime. A) have been consumed B) have consumed C) has been consumed D) has consumed 36. The lab was _____ with two worn wooden benches, set close together to make the most of available space. A) preserved B) furnished C) decorated D) profiled 37. When hunters _____ animals, they are trying to get as near as possible without frightening the animals away. A) creep B) sneak C) stalk D) hitch 38. Because medicine has reduced infant mortality and natural death so significantly, the population has been rising steadily, in spite of serious effort _____ the rate of population. A) of reducing B) to reduce C) to have reduced D) at to reduce 39. _____ to speak when the audience interrupted him. A. No sooner had he begun B. Hardly had he begun C. Not until he began D. Scarcely did he begin 40. No matter how frequently _____, the works of Beethoven still fascinate a lot of people. A. performed B. performing C. they are performing D. performs Section B: Proofreading and Error Correction (10 points) Directions: The following passage contains 10 errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of 第 7 页 共 14 页 ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet. It was once thought that air pollution affected only the area immediately around large cities with factories and/or heavy automobile traffic. Today, we know that although these are the areas with the worst air pollution, the problem is literally worldwide. In several occasions over the past decade, a __41__ heavy cloud of air pollution has covered the entire east half of __42__ the United States and led to health warnings even in rural areas away any major concentration of manufacturing and automobile __43__ traffic. In fact, the very climate of the entire earth may be affected by air pollution. Some scientists feel that the decreasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the air resulting __44__ from the burning of fossil fuels (coal and oil) is creating a greenhouse effect—holding in heat reflected from the earth and raising the world?s average temperature. Unless this view is __45__ correct and the world?s temperature is raised only a few degrees, many of the polar ice cap will melt and cities such as __46__ New York, Boston, Miami, and New Orleans will be under water. Another view, little widely held, is that increasing __47__ particulate matter in the atmosphere is blocking sunlight and lowering the earth temperature—a result that would be equally __48__ disastrous. A drop of just a few degrees could create anything __49__ close to a new ice age, and would make agriculture difficult or impossible in many of our top farming areas. At present we do not know for sure that neither of these conditions will happen. __50__ Perhaps, if we are very lucky, the two tendencies will offset each other and the world?s temperature will stay about the same as it is now. Part II. Reading Comprehension (45 points) Section A (10 points) Directions: In the section, there are five numbered blanks where appropriate sentences are needed to fill in respectively. Choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into the blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet. Items 51 to 55 are based on the following passage. Has English become the global language of communication and education? The question might seem obvious, but the answer is not so simple. Yes, English is the international language of commerce and science. And its utility has spread because up to now it has also been the prime moving language of the Internet. But this is beginning to change, and very fast. (51) Languages like German, Russian and Spanish are spreading at exponential speed on the Web, Mr. Montviloff said. 第 8 页 共 14 页 Because the Internet makes it possible, other languages are also starting to challenge the hegemony of English in distance education. The Internet is helping to revive minority languages and cultures by bringing together widely scattered linguistic communities. (52) Global Reach Inc., a market research company, estimates that English is now the mother tongue of less than half of all Internet users, and the proportion is falling all the time. David Graddol, a language researcher and lecturer at the Open University in Britain, said that, on the one hand, English is becoming a language of everyday usage in some countries in Northern Europe. (53) “In other countries, however, English is more truly a foreign language,” said Mr. Graddol, “In some countries, like China, there is not very much English in the environment and people may be learning it from teachers who may not speak English very well themselves.” In a third group of countries, like India and Nigeria where English has been used a long time, distinct local varieties of the language are emerging, complete with their own dictionaries, textbooks, and literature. This means that different centers of authority are starting to emerge. (54) “Thus, the very reason for the rise of English—its guarantee of mutual intelligibility among people of different cultures—could dissolve if the language continues to fragment into a variety of „Englishes?.” Bertrand Menciassi, of the European Bureau for Lesser Used Languages in Europe, said the use of a world language both helps and hinders linguistic diversity. People can use English for their outside contacts, while cultivating their own tongue or dialect for use at home. On the other hand, he added, English is tending to push European national languages like Dutch or Danish into a corner. (55) The Commission argues that the ability to speak two or three tongues will give the Europeans economic and technical advantages over their monolingual American rivals in world of diversity, and is about to kick off “The European Year of Languages” in an attempt to promote multilingualism. A) “Something like 70 percent of the Dutch population claim now that they can hold a conversation in English quite comfortably. In countries like the Netherlands, Sweden or Denmark you need English to complete your education,” said Mr. Graddol. B) In England, people like Spencer and Shakespeare went on an inventive spree of creating new words and usages and made the language suitable for literature. C) “We are observing that more and more other languages are taking over the Internet,” said Victor Montviloff, who is responsible for information policy in the communication and information sector at the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization here. D) English, like Latin before it, has become a language that is no longer the property of its native speakers, and like Latin, it too may give way to variety of vernacular tongues. E) Researches note a sudden surge of interest in endangered languages, such as those spoken by indigenous groups in North America. F) That could be extremely dangerous, because the university is the brain of the country and this proposal raised the question whether Dutch continues to be an all purpose language. G) Maintaining linguistic diversity is an important aim of the European Commission, which is concerned that the increasing acceptance of English as the European lingua franca should not detract from the vitality of other languages. 51._______ 52. ________ 53. _________ 54. ________ 55. _________ 第 9 页 共 14 页 Section B (20 points) Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and write your answers on the Answer Sheet. Passage one Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage. When I was six or seven, I was taken out of school and put to bed for several months for an ailment the doctor described as “fast=beating heart.” I felt all right—perhaps I felt too good. It was the feeling of suspense. At any rate, I was allowed to occupy all day my parents? double bed in the front upstairs bedroom. I was supposed to rest, and the little children didn?t get to run in and excite me often. Davis School was as close as across the street. I could keep up with it from the window beside me, hear the principal ring her bell, see which children were tardy, watch my classmates eat together at recess: I knew their sandwiches. I was homesick for school; my mother made time for teaching me arithmetic and hearing my spelling. But I never dreamed I could learn as long as I was away from the schoolroom. After they?d told me goodnight and tucked me in—although I knew that after I?d finally fallen asleep they?d pick me up and carry me away—my parents draped the lampshade with a sheet of the daily paper, which was tilted, like a hat brim, so that they could sit in their rockers in a lighted part of the room and I could supposedly go to sleep in the protected dark of the bed. They sat talking. What was thus dramatically made a present of to me was the secure sense of the hidden observer. As long as I could make myself keep awake, I was free to listen to every word my parents said between them. I don?t remember that any secrets were revealed to me, nor do I remember any avid curiosity on my part to learn something I wasn?t supposed to—perhaps I was too young to know what to listen for. But I was present in the room with the chief secret there was—the two of them, father and mother, sitting there as one. I was conscious of this secret and of my fast-beating heart in step together, as I lay in the slant-shaded light of the room with a brown, pear-shaped scorch in the newspaper shade where it had become overheated once. What they talked about I have no idea, and the subject was not what mattered to me. It was no doubt whatever a young married couple spending their first time privately in each other?s company in the long, probably harried day would talk about. It was the murmur of their voices, the back-and-forth, the unnoticed stretching away of time between my bedtime and theirs, that made me bask there at my distance. What I felt was not that I was excluded from them but that I was included, in—and because of—what I could hear of their voices and what I could see of their faces in the cone of yellow light under the brown-scorched shade. I suppose I was exercising as early as then the turn of mind, the nature of temperament, of a privileged observer; and owing to the way I became so, it turned out that I became the loving kind. A conscious act grew out of this by the time I began to write stories: getting my distance, a prerequisite of my understanding of human events, is the way I begin work. Just as, of course, it was an initial step when, in my first journalism job, I stumbled into making pictures with a camera. Frame, proportion, perspective, the values of light and shade, all are determined by the distance of the observing eye. I have always been shy physically. This in part tended to keep me from rushing into things, including 第 10 页 共 14 页 relationships, headlong. Not rushing headlong, though I may have wanted to, but beginning to write stories about people, I drew near slowly; noting and guessing, apprehending, hoping, drawing my eventual conclusions out of my own heart, I did venture closer to where I wanted to go. As time and my imagination led me on, I did plunge. 56.The primary purpose of the passage is to ______. A) evoke a scene of carefree family life from the author?s childhood B) list the elements that are necessary to enable a child to develop into a writer C) describe early events that eventually shaped the author?s approach to writing D) contrast the author?s education at home with her education at school 57.The second paragraph suggests that the author ______. A) experienced profound sadness as a result of her isolation from her classmates during her illness B) became jealous of the other children while she was confined C) felt that her mother?s instruction was vastly inferior to that which she received from her teacher at school D) looked forward to the time when her confinement was over, and she could return to her schoolchild life 58.In Paragraph 3, the author describes herself as a “hidden observer” because ______. A) her parents were unable to see her in the darkened area of the bedroom B) she could understand her parents? conversation despite its sophisticated nature C) after her parents put her to sleep in their bed, they conversed as if they were alone D) by pretending to be asleep, the author could hear her parents? secrets 59.What is the “chief secret” to which the author refers in Paragraph 4? ______ A) Her parents? concerns about her health. B) The nature of her parents? interactions. C) The content of her parents? conversations. D) The fact that she was not really asleep. 60.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the author?s shyness ______. A) prevented her from having personal relationships as an adult B) remained an obstacle in her creative endeavors C) was a barrier that she eventually overcame D) forced her to overcome her childhood fears Passage Two Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage. Genetic engineering holds great potential payoffs for farmers and consumers by making crops resistant to pets, diseases, and even chemicals used to kill surrounding weeds. But new research raises concerns that altering crops to withstand such threats may pose new risks—from none other than the weeds themselves. This is due to the weeds? ability to acquire genes from the neighboring agricultural crops. Researchers found that when a weed cross-breeds with a farm-cultivated relative and thus acquires new genetic 第 11 页 共 14 页 traits—possibly including artificial genes engineered to make the crop hardier—the hybrid weed can pass along those traits to future generations. “The result may be very hardy, hard-to-kill weeds,” said Allison Snow, a plant ecologist at Ohio State University in Columbus who conducted the experiments over the past six years along with two colleagues. They presented their results last week at the annual meeting of the Ecological Society of America in Madison, Wisconsin. The findings suggest that genetic engineering done with the aim of improving crops—giving them new genetic traits such as resistance to herbicides or pests—could ultimately have unintended and harmful consequences for the crops if weeds acquire the same trait and use it to out-compete the crops. “Gene movement from crops to their wild relatives is an ongoing process that can be ultimately harmful to crops,” said Snow. The results of the experiments challenge a common belief that hybrids gradually die out over several generations, Snow explained. “There has been an assumption that genes wouldn?t persist in crop-weed hybrids, because hybrids are thought to be less successful at reproducing,” she said. However, Snow?s research contradicted this assumption: Hybrid wild radishes survived in all six generations that were grown since the study began. Although the genetic traits the scientists monitored were natural and not genetically engineered, the findings nonetheless suggest that artificial improvements introduced into crops through genetic engineering could spread to weeds and become permanent traits of the weed population. So strengthened, the weeds may pose a serious risk to the long-term health of agricultural crops. The anger exists in a number of crop plants—including rice, sunflower, sorghum, squash, and carrots—that are closely related to weeds with which they compete. Snow is concerned that the transfer of genes from crops to related weeds could rapidly render many herbicides ineffectual. That situation, she said, would be much like bacterial disease acquiring resistance to antibiotics. Because plant hybrids arise in a single generation, however, it could happen much more quickly. “Modern agriculture is heavily dependent on herbicides,” she said, “so people will notice when those don?t work anymore.” 61.In Paragraph 1, the word “This” refers to ______. A) threats posed by chemicals used to kill weeds B) risks of altering crops? genetic make-ups C) dangers inherent in the nature of weeds D) the results of recent research 62.According to the passage, genetic engineering can be used to ______. A) kill weeds through cross-breeding B) make crops hardier C) improve the yield and quality of most crops D) make crops resistant to chemical fertilizers 63.That genetically modified crops could have harmful effects can be deduced from the fact that ______. A) gene movement between cultivated plants and wild ones is inevitable B) new research shows that genetically modified plants are likely to develop into weeds 第 12 页 共 14 页 C) cross-breeding is a natural process D) hybrids are generally more successful at breeding than natural plants 64.The potential for hazardous weeds developing from genetically modified plants is greatest for ______. A) crops who rely on herbicides and pesticides for effective harvests B) areas in which cross-breeding is kept to a minimum C) agricultural crops grown for their grains D) crops that are intimately related to their weeds 65.The author suggests that the main impact gene transfer between crops and weeds could have is ______. A) the rapid development of unintended plant hybrids B) the collapse of the agricultural industry C) the development of pest-and-herbicide-resistant weeds D) the dying-out of hybrids Section C: Cloze (15 points) Directions: Please fill in blanks 66 to 80 of the following passage. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. Psychology researchers have found that the best way to make an important decision always involves the utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists compare people?s (66) decisions to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are (67) each other. (68) of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, (69) , the best decisions. Although there are several (70) on the exact format of worksheets, they are all (71) in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a concise way and then listing all possible (72) to the problem. Next, the relevant considerations to be (73) by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to (74) its relative importance. After being mathematically calculated by (75) these values together, the alternative with the highest number of points is the best decision. Since most important problems are multifaceted, there are several alternatives to choose from. One (76) of a paper decision-making procedure is that it (77) people to deal with more variables than their minds can remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their mind (78) . A decision-making worksheet begins from a succinct statement of the problem that also helps to narrow it. It is important to understand the distinction between long-range and (79) goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision from short-range ones. A realistic example for many college students is the question “What will I do after graduation?” A graduate might (80) a position that offers specialized training or travel abroad for a year. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to “What will I do after graduation that will lead to a successful career?” 66 A) genuine B) actual C) real D) true 67 A) to B) from C) as D) with 第 13 页 共 14 页 68 A) Opponents B) Optimists C) Proponents D) Pessimists 69 A) above all B) after all C) that is D) just like 70 A) examples B) alterations C) sections D) variations 71 A) same B) alike C) like D) equal 72 A) solutions B) measures C) answers D) responses 73 A) effected B) affected C) impacted D) compacted 74 A) elect B) reflect C) influence D) stand 75 A) adding B) increasing C) multiplying D) mounting 76 A) profit B) interest C) gain D) benefit 77 A) allows B) requests C) obliges D) requires 78 A) once in a while B) at length C) at the time D) at once 79 A) urgent B) immediate C) present D) current 80 A) search B) seek C) quest D) explore Part III. Writing (25 points) Directions: For this part, write on the Answer Sheet an essay of at least 400 words on the following topic. In the first part of your article you should clearly present your view, and in the second part you should support your opinion with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or summary. Destination Is Another Starting Point 第 14 页 共 14 页