校四级学位考辅导材料

校四级学位考辅导 PART I VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE (20 points，0.5 point for each) Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. 1. She?s very because her husband has been out of work for months. A) helpless B) hopeless C) miserable D) impossible 2. I can?t believe that I have been admitted to this famous university ------ I keep having to ________ myself to make sure that I am not dreaming. A) mumble B) pinch C) compress D) exert 3. I prefer to put the meeting off rather than hold it without adequate_____________. A) notice B) preparedness C) announcements D) preparations 4. The clerk muttered under his breath as he brought the ________ the tenth pair of shoes. A) client B) attorney C) agent D) consumer 5. We looked at four cars today. The first two were far too expensive, but ________ ones were reasonably priced. A) other B) others C) the other D) another 6. He ________ a sum of money every month for his old age. A) sets up B) sets in C) sets along D) sets aside 7. Alfred Nobel is one of the most ________ men in the world of science but he remained modest all his life. A) remarkable B) desirable C) feasible D) favourable 8. The model that Ardy built corresponded in every ________ to the real warship. A) specific B) manner C) side D) detail 9. The economy of this country ________ the economy of France 200 years ago. A) reflects B) resembles C) mirrors D) imitates 10. I think you should have ________ before you go to work. A) sleep B) the sleep C) a good sleep D) some good sleep 11. Please be careful when you are drinking coffee in case you ________the new carpet. A) crash B) pollute C) spot D) stain 12. Every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to,__________the color of his skin. A) with the exception of B) in the light of C) by virtue of D) regardless of 13. She was complaining that the doctor was ________ too much for the treatment he was giving - 1 - her. A) expending B) offering C) costing D) charging 14. Since the matter was extremely ________, we dealt with it immediately. A) tough B) tense C) urgent D) instant 15. Benjamin Franldin strongly ________ as the national bird because of its predatory nature. A) objected the eagle to be chosen B) objected the eagle being chosen C) objected to the eagle to be chosen D) objected to the eagle being chosen 16. A “frozen” brain requires only ________ as one with a normal body temperature of 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. A) oxygen half as much B) half oxygen as much C) as half much oxygen D) half as much oxygen 17. Rates for violent crimes have shown to be ________ correlated with actual population densities in American cities. A) passively B) positively C) peculiarly D) precisely 18. It is difficult to talk about ________ style in painting because there are so many individual styles and because fashions change so rapidly. A) compulsory B) conventional C) controversial D) contemporary 19. Children who are over-protected by their parents may become ____________. A) hurt B) damaged C) spoiled D) harmed 20. In the talk show, almost everyone expressed serious ________ about the dangerous substance recently found in food. A) priority B) expectation C) concern D) tension 21. Mrs. Maggie has the _________ being the oldest person to graduate from this college. A) distinct of B) distinction of C) distinctive of D) distinguish of 22. Her talents will ________ him to get a scholarship to college. A) be able to B) be ably to C) be ability to D) enable 23. Children are very curious ________. A) at heart B) in person C) on purpose D) by nature 24. The govermnent is believed to be considering ________ a law making it a crime to import any kind of weapon. A) to pass B) passed C) have passed D) passing 25. Such were the extremes of ________ that Mr. Ramsay excited in his children?s breast by his mere presence. A) indifference B) pride C) emotion D) pleasure 26. The teacher encouraged her students to conduct autonomous learning and be ________ of - 2 - their own education. A) at control B) out of control C) in the control D) in control 27. Man is a complicated ________ ------ the product of all post evolutionary processes. A) organization B) organism C) organ D) body 28. Don?t be serious. It is ________ a joke. A) nothing more than B) really C) far more than D) not in the least 29. A well-written composition good choice of words and clear organization among other things. A) calls on B) calls for C) calls up D) calls off 30. To change a tire you must ________ the car. A) deal with B) fall in C) work over D) jack up 31. I guess Professor Wang hasn?t finished grading the papers yet. If he had, he would not keep us in ______. A) suspense B) trouble C) doubt D) wonder 32. The plot of the novel ______ the economic development of the village. A) evolves with B) emerges from C) blends with D) attaches to 33. Brian cheated in the last math exam, so he thought he could ______ it again this time, but he was wrong. A) get rid of B) get away with C) avoid being caught D) mess around with 34. Bonuses are meant to ______ hard work and outstanding performance. This means that not all workers are entitled to them. A) restore B) grab C) push D) reward 35. I am sorry I am not in a position to answer this question. Ask the man sitting by the window. He is ______ here. A) in charge B) liable C) reliable D) in power 36. James Joyce?s novels are difficult to understand and impossible ______ into another language. A) to translate B) for translation C) to translate it D) being translated 37. George can hardly be labeld as a radical; he is a man of ______ views. A) modest B) sensitive C) moderate D) tolerant 38. Our trip to Beijing ______ with the visit of my cousin Lucy?s family. So we had a great reunion at the foot of the Great Wall. - 3 - A) recurred B) coincided C) blended D) occurred 39. The employer worked his men almost _______ collapse. A) to the extent of B) to the point of C) on top of D) in spite of 40. ______ a little earlier this morning! I missed the school bus by only a minute and had to wait in the cold for for nearly an hour. A) If I had got up B) If only I get up C) If only I had got up D) If I got up 41. Two aircraft ______ in the terrible accident. A) was damaged B) damaged C) were damaged D) have damaged 42. If it ______ rain tomorrow, we?ll have the party outside. A) wouldn?t B) doesn?t C) didn?t D) won?t 43. If you wish to study hard, you must play chess ______. A) fewer often B) less often C) lesser often D) less frequent 44. If Henry had not pulled his cap low over his brow, he ______ by the police. A) might be recognized B) might have been recognized C) would have recognized D) was to have been recognized 45. This job ______ satisfied me. A) well B) more than C) very D) as much as 6. He resented ______ to wait. He expected the minister to be punctual. 4 A) to be asked B) to ask C) asking D) being asked 47. What I was uncertain about ______ whether they could overcome the difficulties. A) is B) will be C) had been D) was 48. I have explained everything ______ I can to you. A) what B) which C) that D) all 49. I recognized Linda _______ she entered the room. A) once in a while B) the moment C) as if D) at once 50. Scarcely had she fallen asleep ______ a knock at the door awoke her. A) than B) before C) when D) until 51. Arthur daren?t call you a fool, ______? A) would he B) dared he C) dares he D) dare he 52. Professor Wilson is a popular lecturer ______. A) and a talented writer as well B) and who writes well besides C) but also a talented writer in addition D) while showing great ability as a writer 53. What ______! You have little time to stay with us. - 4 - A) shame B) a shame C) the shame D) shames 54. You may decide on this one or that one, but you can?t have ______. A) either B) neither C) both D) all 55. The stadium has a ______ of 20 000 people. A) capacity B) capability C) ability D) quality 56. Mrs. Wilson lost her purse the other day, with a ______ sum of money in it. A) considerate B) considerable C) considered D) considering 57. The hunter ______ a match and lit up a candle, then the small cabin was bright. A) hit B) turned C) struck D) blew 58. All the citizens in our city have been ______ to obey the rules and regulations of keeping our city clean. A) looked on B) called on C) put on D) carried on 59. His little schooling accounted ______ his rude behavior. A) of B) at C) up D) for 60. Since you are free, you may stay or leave ______. A) at ease B) at length C) at leisure D) at will 61. His job as a teacher doesn?t pay much, so he finds another job ______. A) on the road B) on the side C) on the contrary D) on the spot 62. Mr. Wallace ______ two pairs of shoes and bought the second pair. A) tried out B) tried on C) took out D) took on 63. The bedcover has ______ because of long wear. A) fainted B) lightened C) weakened D) faded 64. The noise made by the sudden stop of the truck was ______ to the ear. A) harsh B) rough C) stiff D) rigid 65. For the first few months, she worked as a maid in Mr. Jackson?s for a ______. A) job B) profession C) work D) living 66. His face is familiar to me. I must have met him before in ______ place. A) some B) any C) no D) either 67. The babysitter serving the Blacks was paid by ________. A) an hour B) a hour C) the hour D) hours 68. It is _______ he is not proud of his learning that he is respected by his students. A) because B) since C) because of D) as 69. Tom isn?t a diligent student, for it is the third time he has been late, ______? A) isn?t it B) wasn?t it C) hasn?t it D) hasn?t he 70. ________ that she always travels by boat. A) Such is her fear of flying B) Her fear is flying such C) Such her fear of flying is D) Such fear of flying is her 71. John _______ to be a polite man. But in fact he is very rude. A) pretends B) assures C) affords D) melts 72. We can not trust him any more because he often ________ his duty. A) owes B) spoils C) deserts D) neglects 73. In order to increase our output, we need to import more production _______. - 5 - A) facilities B) hens C) votes D) artists 74. When a spacecraft travels, one of the major problems is reentry into the Earth?s _______. A) surface B) atmosphere C) attitude D) bent 75. This river forms a natural _______ between China and Korea. A) boundary B) string C) spot D) zone 76. She is already 16 years old. But she _______as if she were still a little girl. A) believes B) absorbs C) accepts D) behaves 77. We are _______ at the rapid progress Mark has made in this semester. A) distinguished B) annoyed C) astonished D) scored 78. The doctors _______ the medicines to the people in the flood area. A) distributed B) packed C) prayed D) undertook 79. Much of the news provided by this newspaper is _______, not foreign. A) domestic B) strain C) purchase D) murder 80. He tried to _______relations with his former wife but he failed. A) measure B) maintain C) shelter D) reply 81. An iron and steel works ______ in our city. A) is to build B) is to be built C) have to build D) have been built 82. “When will the plane arrive?” “I will tell you when ______.” A) I have been finding out B) I am finding out C) I find out D) I will find out 83. The English of this composition is too good. He ______ it himself. A) can?t have written B) mustn?t have written C) won?t have written D) shouldn?t have written 4. It is difficult to understand many foreigners who speak Chinese, but some of them speak 8 ______. A) more clear than others B) more clearly than others C) notice D) clearlier than others 85. He was very busy yesterday; otherwise, he ______ to the meeting. A) would come B) came C) would have come D) should come 86. I regret ______ hard at school. A) not to have worked B) not have worked C) not having worked D) having not worked 87. He was a man of fine character in all points ______ he was rather timid. A) in that B) in order that C) except that D) except for 88. Those were the graduate assistants ______ to do the research work in the lab. A) to whom it was their responsibility B) whose responsibility there was C) whose responsibility it was D) of whom with the responsibility 89. _______ used to the water, the small boat looked dangerous to her. A) Not being B) Having being C) Since she was not D) Because not be 90. Everyone of us had visited him more than once, but in vain ______ persuade him to read carefully before taking any exams. - 6 - A) we B) did we C) we did D) we do 91. Come here a moment, ______? A) won?t you B) shan?t we C) shall we D) will you 92. Stop talking and ______ . A) you do your work B) to do your work C) doing your work D) do your work 93. I saw a man in blue knocking at door. ______ was about fifty. A) A man B) Man C) Men D) The man 94. “How much petrol is left in the tank?” “______.” A) No one B) None C) Nothing D) Nobody 95. It is said that saccharin (糖精) is not a satisfactory _______ for sugar. A) component B) compound C) substitute D) mixture 96. Tony thought that with his knowledge, skill and experience he was bound to find a ______ job. A) satisfied B) satisfying C) satisfaction D) satisfactory 97. Thomas Jefferson ______ John Adams as President of the United States in 1801. A) inherited B) succeeded C) retained D) assured 98. His health ______ as he ate too little and worked too hard for months on end. A) broke down B) broke through C) broke up D) broke off 99. The plan has been revised ______ the decision of the school board. A) in case of B) in place of C) in front of D) in accordance with 100. They didn?t have enough evidence to prove him guilty ______ the crime. A) of B) at C) with D) for 101. If you want to put the contract into force, you have to pay US$250 000 ______. A) in order B) in advance C) in place D) in fact 102. You are required to ______ the text in one paragraph. A) speed up B) step up C) pick up D) sum up 103. A box ______ potential energy after being lifted. A) covers B) owns C) possesses D) contains 104. I think the diamond finger ring is ______ expensive. A) too much B) far too C) greatly D) very much 105. The ______ of radio waves came to a halt all of a sudden. A) transportation B) transfer C) transmission D) translation 106. Besides, she is interested in ______. A) every action of him B) every of his action C) his every actions D) every action of his 107. Birds of ________ flock together. A) a feather B) the feather C) feathers D) the feathers 108. It was due to luck _______ judgment ______ the driver succeeded in avoiding an accident. A) better than…when B) rather than…that - 7 - C) more than…when D) more than that 109. What a nice girl, ______? A) is she B) isn?t she C) is it D) isn?t it 110. ________ and the lesson began. A) In came the teacher B) In comes the teacher C) In the teacher came D) In the teacher comes 111. Although the traffic is not busy, he likes to drive at a _______ speed. A) spare B) fast C) moderate D) moral 112. All the memories of his childhood had _______ from his mind by the time he was 65. A) faded B) illustrated C) confined D) concerned 113. This river is so big that it is impossible to build a _______ under it without modern technology. A) canal B) tunnel C) channel D) cable 114. The _______ is nearly dead, so I can not start the car again. A) bean B) beam C) bake D) battery 115. With the help of the government , a large number of people _______ after the flood in 1991. A) survived B) suspended C) suffered D) subscribed 116. He always has a lot of _______ ideas in his mind , and sometimes we do not even know what he is thinking about. A) novel B) spoil C) acceptable D) additional 117. Please be serious. I am not _______. You should consider it carefully. A) sorting B) joking C) counting D) comparing 118. We do not have a _______ school in our institute. The highest degree we provide for the students is a B. A. and a B. S. . A) continue B) bay C) assistance D) graduate 119. In the United States, the foreign policy is decided by the ________ government, not by each state. A) federal B) figure C) scientific D) service 120. When you fill in the application form, please use your _______ address so that we can contact you easily later. A) policy B) plain C) permanent D) principal 121. Your son is still a little child and this suitcase is too heavy for him to ________. A) rise B) lower C) lift D) raise 122. Ann never lost her temper, _______ quarrel with others. A) nor did she ever B) nor she ever did C) neither she ever did D) or did she ever 123. This is the only book ________ he has read twice. A) that B) which C) what D) and 124. The captain asked his men to ________ him of everything concerning the sailing. A) report B) inform C) notice D) note 125. ________ , the weather cleared up. A) Climbing the hill B) We were climbing the hill C) While climbing the hill D) While we were climbing the hill 126. You know, his work _______ explaining the objects of the institution to the journalists. A) is made of B) constitutes C) consists of D) composes - 8 - 127. Not all students will go back home to visit ________ parents at weekends. A) their B) her C) his D) its 128. He was so frustrated that he kept complaining that nothing ________ his efforts. A) because of B) resulted from C) due to D) resulted in 129. As a doctor, she warned her friend _______ smoking. A) of B) about C) against D) off 130. ________ he is one of the most important members of the team. A) As he is young B) Young as is he C) As young he is D) Young as he is 131. ________ remarks by a teacher can damage the confidence of pupils. A) Critical B) Crucial C) Urgent D) Pressing 132. It?s so fuggy. Would you mind _______ the window? A) me to open B) my opening C) my open D) me to opening 133. As we all know, smoking _______ health negatively. A) effects B) causes C) affects D) moves 134. I noticed her hair ________ because it was such an unusual color. A) in advance B) in general C) in detail D) in particular 135. I?d rather you _______ today than tomorrow. A) come B) had come C) came D) could come 136. ________, he was released. A) There was no evidence of his crime B) Because no evidence of his crime C) There being no evidence of his crime D) No evidence of his crime was found 137.It is easier to ________ a language than to learn a language. A) pick up B) pick over C) pick off D) pick out 138.Mary is working hard ________ she should fail in the exam. A) so that B) for fear that C) but that D) in order that 139.In my opinion, $5,000 _______ too much for this second-hand car. A) are B) will be C) have been D) is 140. I suppose you don?t mean what you have said, _________? A) do you B) don?t I C) don?t you D) do I 141. I passed the test. I ________ it without your help. A) would not pass B) wouldn?t have passed C) didn't pass D) had not passed 142. I told them not everybody could do it, ________ ? A) haven?t I B) didn?t I C) couldn?t he D) could he 143. I would always ________ buying a good quality bicycle rather than a cheap one. A) appreciate B) introduce C) recommend D) approve 144. all opposition, he put the matter to a vote. A) Overcoming B) Objecting C) Ignoring D) Not hearing 145. Father ______ to his study upstairs shortly after supper that evening. A) left B) relieved C) resigned D) retired 146. It was ten past eight when she went ______ into the lecture hall. - 9 - A) hurrying B) to hurry C) hurried D) hurry 147. John?s score on the test is the highest in class; he ________ last night. A) must have studied B) had studied C) must study D) studied 148. He plays not only the piano, ________ the violin. A) but also B) and also C) but as well as D) but as well 149. The California forest fires, which were regarded yesterday as almost under control, ________ again during the night. A) sent over B) flared up C) broke up D) kept up 150. The football club tried to ________ the player with offers of money. A) temper B) tempt C) tip D) tolerate 151. After the loss of her husband, she behaved strangely all day long. Everybody believed that she was ________ mad. A) anything except for B) nothing except for C) anything but D) nothing but 152. We left the meeting, there obviously ____ no point in staying. A) were B) being C) to be D) having 153. By the time you get to New York, I _______for London. A) would be leaving B) am leaving C) have already left D) shall have left 154. Contrast may make something appear more beautiful than it is when ________ alone. A) seen B) is seen C) to be seen D) having been seen 155. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, all practical value _______ by the time they were finished. A) had lost B) would have lost C) would lose D) should have lost 156. I waited for him half an hour, but he never ________. A) turned in B) turned down C) turned off D) turned up 157. Until then, his family _________ from him for six months. A) didn?t hear B) hasn?t been hearing C) hasn?t heard D) hadn?t heard 158. People appreciate ______ with him because he has a good sense of humor. A) to work B) to have worked C) working D) having worked 159. Criticism and self-criticism is necessary _______ it helps us to find and correct our mistakes. A) by that B) at that C) on that D) in that 160. Bill?s getting along better than ________ in his class. A) somebody B) anybody C) somebody else D) anybody else 161. He ran all the way home and arrived _______ breath. A) without B) lack of C) beyond D) out of 162. Wipe the dust ____ the table. A) off B) from C) onto D) out of 163. He works too hard. That?s ____ is wrong with him. A) what B) why C) where D) how 164. As for the winter, it is inconvenient to be cold, with most of _________ furnace fuel is allowed saved for the dawn. A) what B) which C) that D) this - 10 - 165. A lorry ran into a car and the impact of the crash ______ the car ______ one third of its original length. A) caused ... to B) brought ... to C) reduced ... to D) resulted ... in 166. The newly-designed _____ will appear on the exhibition next month. A) equipments B) devices C) machinery D) setting 167. Statistics _____ that the spread of SARS has been under control. A) show B) shows C) showed D) has shown 168. These goods are _____ for export, though a few of them may be sold on the home market. A) essentially B) completely C) necessarily D) remarkably 169. _____ she realized it was too late to go home. A) No sooner it grew dark than B) Hardly did it grow dark than C) Scarcely had it grown dark than D) It was not until dark that 170. Bill is very careful and so he won?t make any mistakes. A) is in no hurry B) is quick in mind C) loses no chance D) won?t take the risk 171. There is no ________ in insisting on the impossible. A) mind B) meaning C) sense D) help 172. Is that the man you ________ yesterday? A) had met B) met C) have met D) meet 173. I was very tired. Otherwise, I ________ to the theatre with you. A) had gone B) would go C) went D) would have gone 174. He speaks English as if he ________ a native speaker. A) were B) had been C) was D) be 175. Many an example ________ illustrated this. A) is B) were C) has D) have 176. All ________ is a steady supply of water to the farmland. A) which needs B) that is needed C) the thing is needed D) need 177. This disturbing experience proved to be _____, since it taught me never to allow ideas to become rooted in the mind. A) as important B) as of importance C) on great importance D) of great importance 178. It?s necessary that an efficient worker _____ his work on time. A) accomplishes B) accomplish C) can accomplish D) has ccomplished 179. Provided that we draw useful lessons from them, we may turn difficulties to good ________. A) account B) benefit C) value D) occasion 180. The word “family” is used here to denote the members of a household, ________. A) either they are related or not B) whether or not they are related C) neither or not they are related D) if they are related or not 181. His father had an accident yesterday, and ________. A) so did he B) so had he C) he did so D) he had so - 11 - 182. You will _______ in public soon. A) be used to speak B) use to speaking C) get used to speaking D) used to speak 183. It is suggested that we ________ the matter later. A) must discuss B) discuss C) discussing D) will discuss 184. A: Must I come here tomorrow? B: No, you _______. A) mustn?t B) needn?t C) can?t D) shouldn?t 185. Mr. Johnson always talks as if he ________ everything. A) knew B) had known C) knows D) has known 186. Can we count ________ them if we get into difficulties? A) for B) on C) at D) out 187. It?s the most touching novel she ________. A) will read B) is reading C) has ever read D) reads 188. If you _______ like this, you will make big mistakes some day. A) go on B) go after C) go about D) go up 189. ________, the party began. A) All the guests had arrived B) All the guests having arrived C) All the guests have arrived D) All the guests arrived 190. This agreement will have a great _______ upon the two companies. A) importance B) meaning C) effort D) effect 191. If I _______ you, I would follow their advice. A) am B) were C) was D) be 192. It was so dark that I couldn?t _______ who was coming up to me. A) make out B) make over C) make up D) make of 193.Not ________ , he doesn?t want to take on any responsibilities. A) usually B) particularly C) surprisingly D) evidently 194.All ________ is their help in time. A) what we need B) that we need C) which we need D) the things we need 195.Mike is often late for work, and his boss cannot but ________ him. A) to criticize B) criticizing C) criticizes D) criticize 196. When the boys? play got too noisy, their mother _______. A) make a halt B) come to a halt C) call a halt D) bring to a halt 197. He has got the highest score on the test; he ________ have studied very hard. A) should B) must C) would D) might 198. Time ________ , we will go to the Imperial Palace for sightseeing. A) permitting B) permit C) permitted D) permits 199. He wishes he ________ more attention to his work. A) would pay B) pays C) should pay D) had paid 200. Let?s talk the matter over as soon as we are ________. A) remote B) alone C) only D) lonely - 12 - PART II. READING COMPREHENSION (40 points, 2 points for each) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding latter on the Answer Sheet . (1) Passage One Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage. Today is the big day: Carole Davis is marrying Dr. Jeffrey Parker. This wedding is a bit unusual. You see, Carole and Jeffrey used to be married to each other. Then Carole fell in love with Jeffrey?s brother Tom, and she divorced Jeffrey. After Carole and Tom had been married a couple of years, they were in a terrible traffic accident. Carole?s face was badly scarred, and Tom was killed. Carole went to a famous surgeon. He slowly rebuilt her beautiful face, and, meanwhile, they fell in love. Who was this wonderful, handsome doctor? Of course, it was none other than Dr. Jeffrey Parker, Carole?s first husband! Today at least half a million people will witness Carole and Jeffrey?s second wedding. It will be on television. Will it be on television? Yes. This is a typical television soap opera, and millions of people watch these stormy, sentimental stories every day. By the way, you are invited to the wedding. It will be on channel 4 at 1 p. m. Please don?t miss it. Even though Carole and Jeffrey are very happy today, trouble is just waiting somewhere secretly for them. (Trouble is always waiting somewhere secretly on the afternoon soap operas.) See you at the wedding! 41. Who is the passage written for? A) Carole?s family members. B) Jeffrey?s relatives. C) Television viewers. D) Writers. 42. What is unusual about Carole and Jeffrey?s marriage? A) They don?t love each other at all. B) Carole used to get married with Jeffrey. C) Carole was badly scarred in a car accident. D) Jeffrey doesn?t want to marry Carole. 43. Why did Carole divorce Jeffrey? A) Jeffrey didn?t care her. B) Jeffrey is not a handsome man. C) Carole fell in love with Tom. D) Carole fell in love with her doctor. 44. Who are Carole and Jeffrey? A) The author?s neighbors. B) The author?s close friends. C) Two characters of a television soap opera. D) Two staff of a television station. 45. According to the passage, how is Carole and Jeffrey?s future? A) They will be happy forever. B) They are likely to have some trouble. C) They won?t divorce again. D) They are going to have a wonderful wedding. - 13 - Passage Two Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage. If you?re looking for exciting outdoor adventures, Oregon is one of the best states in America to visit. From windsurfing (风帆冲浪) to downhill skiing, you?ll find almost any outdoor activity you?re interested in. Oregon has different kinds of natural features. For example, it has mountains through the Columbia River Gorge to the Pacific Ocean coastline. That makes the colorful outdoor adventures possible. When you need a break from all that adventure, visit one of Oregon?s laid-back cities. Portland is the largest city, and is a great base for trips to Mount Hood, the Gorge and the coast. After full day of hiking or biking. you can join in the cultural activities that the local people prepare specially for you. You?ll eat, drink and hear great music all over the city at the local restaurants. Portland is particularly well known for its many excellent local breweries (酿酒厂), which produce the finest beer in the world. South of Portland, Eugene is a quiet college town. It?s known for its relaxed atmosphere and its progressive politics. Its residents seem to have an unusual interest in sports, especially running. It?s no surprise that the big sports company Nike started its business in Eugene, producing running shoes for the University of Oregon?s track team. 46. What is the passage mainly about? A) Scenery in America. B) Sports in Oregon. C) Touring resources of America. D) Touring resources of Oregon. 47. Which of the following is the best place for tourists to go hiking or biking? A) Oregon. B) Eugene. C) Portland. D) The University of Oregon. 48. According to the passage, Eugene is famous for the following things EXCEPT ________. A) sports companies B) outdoor adventures C) progressive politics D) relaxed atmosphere 49. What particularly features the cultural activities in Portland? A) Food. B) Music. C) Beer. D) Transport. 50. The passage is probably written for _______. A) politicians B) athletes C) painters D) tourists Passage Three Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage. We all know that it is possible for ordinary people to make their homes on the equator (赤 道), although often they may feel uncomfortably hot there. Millions do it. But as for the North Pole? We know that it is not only a dangerously cold place, but that people like you and me would find it quite impossible to live there. At the present time only the scientists and explorers can do so, and they use special equipment. Men have been traveling across and around the equator on wheels, on their feet or in ships for thousands of years; but only a few men with great difficulty and in very recent time, have ever crossed the ice to the North Pole. So it may surprise you to learn that, when traveling by air, it is really safer to fly over the North Pole than over the equator. Of course, this is not true about landings in the polar region (which passenger airplanes do not make), but the weather, if we are flying at a height of 5,000 meters above the Pole, is a delight. At 4,000 meters and more above the earth you can always be sure that you will not see a - 14 - cloud in the sky as far as the eye can reach. In the tropics (热带), on the other hand, you are not certain to keep clear of bad weather even at such heights as 18,000 or 20,000 meters. Airplanes can?t climb as high or as quickly in cold air as in warm air. Nor can clouds. In practice, this is an advantage to the airplane, which is already at a good height when it reaches the polar region and so does not need to climb, while at the same time cold air keeps the clouds down low. 51. “Millions do it.” In this sentence “do it” refers to ________. A) feeling uncomfortably hot on the equator B) flying over the North Pole C) flying over the equator D) making homes on the equator 52. The polar region is a good place __________. A) to land at by airplane B) to fly over C) to travel to by land D) to live at 53. It is a delight to fly at the Pole because _________. A) planes fly higher than that at the equator B) the eyes can reach about 4,000 meters C) planes can be clear of bad weather D) planes fly more quickly than that at the equator 54. Airplanes can climb quickly _________. A) in warm air B) in cold air C) when it reaches the polar region D) only when the clouds are down low 55. Airplanes usually do not need to climb quickly or fly high in the polar region because ________. A) they do not land there B) there are no clouds at their height C) they can cross the ice with special equipment D) it is very cold Passage Four Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage. International airlines have rediscovered the business travelers, the man or woman who regularly jets from country to country as part of the job. This does not necessarily mean that airlines ever abandoned their business travelers. Indeed, companies like Lufthansa and Swissair would rightly argue that they have always catered best for the executive class passengers. But many lines could be accused of concentrating too heavily in the recent past on attracting passengers by volume, often at the expense of regular travelers. Too often, they have seemed geared for quantity rather than quality. Operating a major airline in the 1980s is essentially a matter of finding the right mix of passengers. The airlines need to fill up the back end of their wide-bodied jets with low fare - 15 - passengers, without forgetting that the front end should be filled with people who pay substantially more for their tickets. It is no coincidence that the two major airline bankruptcies in 1982 were among the companies specializing in cheap flights. But low fares require consistently full aircraft to make flights economically viable, and in the recent recession the volume of traffic has not grown. Equally the large number of airlines jostling for the available passengers has created a huge excess of capacity. The net result of excess capacity and cut-throat competition driving down fares has been to push some airlines into collapse and leave many others hovering on the brink. Against this grim background, it is no surprise that airlines are turning increasingly towards the business travelers to improve their rates of return. They have invested much time and effort to establish exactly what the executive demands for sitting apart from the tourists. High on the list of priorities is punctuality; an executive?s time is money. In-flight service is another area where the airlines are jostling for the executive?s attention. The free drinks and headsets and better food are all part of the lure. 56. One criticism against many international airlines is that they have, in the recent past, ________. A) catered for the more wealthy people B) given preferential treatment to executive clients C) only met the needs of the regular traveler D) marketed their service with the masses in mind 57. With the intention of attracting a somewhat different type of passengers, the airlines have now begun to concentrate on ________. A) ensuring that the facilities offered to the executive are indeed superior B) providing facilities enabling business travelers to work on board C) organizing activities in which first-class passengers can participate D) installing sleeping compartments where more privacy is ensured 58. From the passage we can infer that ________. A) a successful airline in the 1980s met the needs not only of the masses but also of the wealthy passengers B) it is more comfortable to sit in the back of jet planes C) business travelers dislike tourists D) only by specializing in cheap flights can airlines avoid bankruptcy 59. In Paragraph 5 “in-flight service” means “________”. A) service on the plane B) a new safety device C) flights within one country D) charge-free air service 60. The following are all used to attract passengers EXCEPT ________. A) punctuality B) sound system C) free drinks D) charge-free food - 16 - (2) Passage One Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage. In 1955, Martin Luther King Jr. gained national recognition for his nonviolent methods used in a bus boycott (抵制) in Montgomery. This peaceful boycott, under Dr. King?s guidance, changed the law which required black people to ride in the backs of buses. After this success, Dr. King used his nonviolent tactics in efforts to change other discriminatory (种族歧视的) laws. Dr. King urged Blacks to use nonviolent sit-ins, marches, demonstrations, and freedom rides in their efforts to gain full freedom and equality. Arrested for breaking discriminatory laws, Dr. King went to jail dozens of times; he became a symbol around the world for people to protest peacefully against unjust laws. In recognition of his work for peaceful changes, Dr. King received the 1964 Nobel Peace Prize. 41. According to this passage, as a consequence of his protest in 1955, Dr. King became __________. A) peaceful in his tactics B) famous in the United States C) frustrated in his efforts D) successful in the transportation business 42. It can be inferred from the passage that Dr. King continued his nonviolent methods because _______. A) they were legal in Montgomery B) they were effective C) most people are incapable of violence D) most people believed he would receive the Nobel Peace Prize 43. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as a means by which Dr. King tried to bring about social justice? A) Store boycotts. B) Congressional debates. C) Peaceful marches. D) Visits to jails. 44. According to the passage, how many times was Dr. King put in jail? A) One. B) Between two and ten. C) Twelve. D) At least twenty-four. 45. The author implies that in the 1960s Dr. King was known ________. A) to few people in Montgomery B) to people in many countries C) primarily by the medical profession D) personally by several lawyers Passage Two Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage. In old days, when a glimpse of stocking was looked upon as something far too shocking to distract the serious work of an office, secretaries were men. Then came - 17 - the First World War and the male secretaries were replaced by women. A man?s secretary became his personal servant, charged with remembering his wife?s birthday and buying her presents; taking his suits to the dry-cleaners; telling lies on the telephone to keep people he did not wish to speak to at bay; and of course, typing and filing and taking shorthand. Now all this may be changing again. The microchip (电脑微晶片) and high technology is sweeping the British office, taking with it much of the routine clerical (文书的) work that secretaries did. Once office technology takes over generally, the status of the job will rise again because it will involve only the high-powered work -- and then men will want to do it again. That was said by one of the executives (male) of one of the biggest secretarial agencies in this country. What he has predicted is already under way in the US. Once high technology has made the job of secretary less routine, will there be a male takeover? Man should beware of thinking that they can walk right into the better jobs. There are a lot of women secretaries who will do the job as well as they -- not just because they can buy negligees (女式长睡衣) for the boss?s wife, but because they are as efficient and well-trained to cope with word processors and computers as men. 46. Secretaries used to be men because __________. A) women were considered to lack efficiency B) people thought men couldn?t concentrate on their work in the presence of women C) there were less job opportunities before the First World War D) men thought highly of the job of secretary 47. The task of a woman secretary involves the following EXCEPT ________. A) not disturbing her boss when he is busy B) choosing birthday gifts for her boss?s wife C) typing business letters for her boss D) sorting and keeping papers 48. Now things are beginning to change ________. A) with more and more men entering into the secretarial work B) as there are more job opportunities for women C) with high technology coming into the office D) as people no longer look down upon clerical work 49. Men will want to be secretaries again because ________. A) the job has become easier to handle B) the job will receive more respect than before C) they have learned to do the job as well as women D) they?d like to have a better-paid job 50. The author believes that before long ________. A) men will take over women?s jobs as secretaries B) men will take over most of the office work C) women will be better-trained to handle office machines than men D) there will be men secretaries as well as women secretaries Passage Three Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage. Of the thousands of ships on the ocean bottom, only a handful, less than 1 percent, contain - 18 - treasure, such as gold and jewels. Most give us a different, priceless treasure — history. A sunken ship lies in the airless environment of the sea, and those in deep water are especially well protected. No dry land sites anywhere — except perhaps Egyptian tombs — are in a better state of preservation than a ship deep in the ocean. A sunken ship, therefore, can be a rare window through which a moment in time is glimpsed. This is not to imply that sunken ships are always found intact (完好无损的). Most ships break up on the way down, hit the bottom at about 100 miles per hour, and become a confusing jumble. I recall the disappointment of a novice(新手，初学者)diver who, after surfacing from an underwater tour of a 400-foot ship, asked his diving mate, “Where was the wreck?” It takes experience to actually know a sunken ship when one sees it. But no matter what its condition on the way down, a ship deteriorates (变坏) much more slowly as it sinks deeper into protective layers of sand and mud. Ancient ships have been found in remarkably good condition. In 1977 a group of marine archaeologists excavating (挖掘) a 900-year-old wreck recovered glassware, Greek coins, kettles and amazingly, Greek jars containing seeds and even a plate with chicken bones. 51. The passage is mainly about __________. A) underwater diving B) sunken ships C) ancient navigation D) the ocean floor 52. In the passage, where does the author discuss the financial rewards of finding sunken ships? A) Lines 1 —2. B) Lines 2—3. C) Lines 5—6. D) Lines 7—10. 53. Which of the following is meant by “a different, priceless treasure” mentioned in Line 2? A) Valuable information. B) Ancient coins. C) Precious stones. D) Old books. 54. According to the passage, which of the following usually happens to a ship as it sinks? A) It remains in an upright position. B) It gets transported by the currents. C) It breaks into pieces. D) It attracts marine life. 55. Which of the following objects found on the 900-year-old wreck most surprised the author? A) Money. B) Jars. C) Chicken bones. D) Glassware. Passage Four Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage. Kangaroos are amazing animals! They have a pair of muscular hind legs that can be 10 times larger than their front legs. They have a long, strong tail that they use for balancing when they move around. They don?t run, but they hop (跳) swiftly — with a top speed of 40 miles per hour, they can cover a distance of over 30 feet and reach a height of more than 10 feet in a single jump! There are over 50 different species of kangaroos, which can be divided into two groups — large and small. Large kangaroos include many familiar races, such as red kangaroos, gray kangaroos and wallabies. Red kangaroos are the biggest of any kangaroos. They can stand up to 6 feet tall and weigh over 200 pounds! Small kangaroos consist of bettongs, rat kangaroos, and potoroos. Kangaroos inhabit a variety of environments, but most of them live in grasslands and open woodlands. They can only be found in Australia, New Guinea, and neighboring islands like Tasmania. Grass, leaves, and herbs (草本植物) are the diet for most kangaroo species. One funny fact about kangaroos is how they got their name! When European explorers had their first encounter with this strange-looking, hopping animal, they asked a native Australian what it was called. He replied, “kangaroo”. This word actually meant, “I don?t understand [your - 19 - question].” The explorers thought “kangaroo” was the animal?s name, and that is how kangaroos got their name!. 56. What does a kangaroo use for balancing when it hops? A) Its muscle. B) Its tail. C) Its head. D) Its front legs. 57. Which of the following best describes a kangaroo?s hopping ability? A) It can hop at 40 kilometers per hour. B) It can cover a distance of over 10 miles in a single hop. C) It can cover a distance of over 30 meters in a single hop. D) It can reach a height of more than 10 feet in a single hop. 58. Which of the following is NOT a large kangaroo? A) Red kangaroo. B) Gray kangaroo. C) Rat kangaroo. D) Wallaby. 59. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A) Their front legs are stronger than their hind legs. B) Kangaroos can be found everywhere in the world because they inhabit a variety of environments. C) Kangaroos live on grass, leaves, and herbs. D) A native Australian named this strange-looking, hopping animal “kangaroo”. 60. What does this passage mainly concern? A) Why kangaroos hop so swiftly. B) Different species of kangaroos. C) How kangaroo got its name. D) A general description of kangaroos. - 20 - (3) Passage One Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage. In a family where the roles of man and woman are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of sharing in tasks and in decisions makes for equality, and this in turn leads to further sharing. In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by co-operation rather than by the “battle of the sexes”. If the process goes too far and man?s role is regarded as less important and that has happened in some cases — we are as badly off as before, only in reverse. It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of “Momism” — but we don?t want to exchange it for a “neo-Popism”. What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals. There are signs that psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit — nor all the blame. We are beginning, however, to analyze men?s place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child. The family is a co-operative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs to work out its own ways for solving own problems. Excessive authoritarianism has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is connected not only with a healthy democracy, but also with a healthy family. 41. This passage tells the readers that American social workers show more concern for the role ______. A) women play in a family B) children play in a family C) men play in a family D) parents play in bringing up children 42. Who will benefit most from a family pattern of sharing in tasks and decisions? A) Social workers. B) The men. C) The women. D) The children. 43. Paragraph 3 means to say that _______. A) a woman?s place is in the home B) a man should have an equal share in family matters C) a man?s place is in the home D) a woman?s needs to have an equal right in family matters 44. A healthy family is based on _______. A) Momism B) Popism C) authoritarianism D) co-operation 45. The writer of this passage claims that ________. A) authoritarianism is harmful to the family B) a sharp separation of the roles of men and women is decisive for a healthy family C) authority plus democracy produces a healthy family D) notions of male superiority maintain a healthy family Passage Two - 21 - Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage. Time spent in a bookshop can be most enjoyable, whether you are a book-lover or merely there to buy a book as a present. Whatever the reason, you can soon become totally unaware of your surroundings. You soon become engrossed in some book or other, and usually it is only much later that you realize you have spent far too much time there and must dash off to keep some forgotten appointment—without buying a book, of course. This opportunity to escape the realities of everyday life is, I think, the main attraction of a bookshop. A music shop is very much like a bookshop. You can wander round such places to your heart?s content. If it is a good shop, no assistant will approach you with the inevitable greeting: “Can I help you, sir?” You needn?t buy anything you don?t want. In a bookshop, an assistant should remain in the background until you have finished browsing. Then, and only then, are his service necessary. You have to be careful not to be attracted by the variety of books in a bookshop. It is very easy to enter the shop looking for a book on ancient coins and to come out carrying a copy of the latest best-selling novel and perhaps a book about brass-rubbing—something which had only vaguely interested you up until then. This volume on the subject, however, happened to be so well illustrated and the part of the text you read proved so interesting that you just had to buy it. This sort of thing can be very dangerous. Apart from running up a huge account, you can waste a great deal of time wandering from section to section. Booksellers must be both long-suffering and indulgent. 46. You may spend too much time in a bookshop because _______. A) the dust-jacket are very attractive B) you start reading one of the books C) it is raining outside D) you have to make sure you don? t buy a dull book as a present 47. In a good bookshop _______. A) nobody takes any notice of you B) the assistant greets you in a friendly way C) you feel that you are in a music shop D) your heart is contented 48. It is very easy to enter a bookshop and buy _______. A) a book on ancient coins B) a best-selling novel on brass-rubbing C) a book that vaguely interests you D) a book that unexpectedly interests you 49. According to the writer, the best way to escape the realities of routine life is ________. A) to chat with a friendly assistant in a bookshop B) to wander in the streets C) to buy a best-selling novel to read D) to stay reading books of various kinds in a bookshop 50. The best title of this selection would be _______. A) Don?t Waste Your Time in a Bookshop B) Bookshop and Its Assistants C) On Buying Books D) On Your Appointment - 22 - Passage Three Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage. Sugar is so much a part of our modern life that we only really think about it when, for some reason, we cannot obtain it. It has been known to man for at least 3,000 years, but has come into common use only in modern times. Until quite recently it was considered as a medicine and as a luxury for the very rich only. Sugar is, then, very important to our civilization. But what exactly is it? Of course, most of us recognise sugar immediately as the sweet material which we put in coffee or cakes. This common form of sugar is derived from two plants: the sugar cane (a type of grass which grows to a height of twenty feet) and the sugar beet (which grows under ground). But there are in fact many types of sugar, and the chemist recognises hundreds of different varieties, each coming from a different source. About 90% of the sugar is produced as food. Only 10% is used in industry for purposes other than food production. Yet sugar has great possibilities for use as the basis of chemicals. It can even be used for making plastics. In the future these potential uses will certainly be developed more than in the past. There are many reasons why we should increase the production of sugar. Most important is that it is one of the most highly concentrated of energy foods. Thus sugar cane and beet produce an average of 7,000,000 calories per acre. In this way they have the advantage over potatoes which give only 4, 000, 000, while the figure for wheat and beans is 2 ,000 ,000 each. So three acres of land growing wheat, beans and potatoes give only slightly more than one acre of sugar. 51. The heading of Paragraph 1 may be______. A) What Sugar Is B) Sugar Through the Ages C) The Advantages of Sugar D) Present and Future Uses of Sugar 52. The third paragraph emphasizes_______. A) about 90% of sugar used as food B) only 10% used in industry C) sugar used for making plastics D) future uses of sugar 53. Sugar has been used widely_______. A) for 3,000 years B) in modern times C) quite recently D) for 300 years 54. How many common forms of sugar are exemplified in this passage? A) One B) Two C) One hundred D) Several hundreds 55. The main reason why we should increase the production of sugar is ______. A) it tastes sweet B) we can save plenty of land C) we can get more energy D) it?s one of the most highly concentrated of energy food Passage Four - 23 - Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage. In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? There is evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the worker?s life more enjoyable, it does not actually make him work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned, then variety is not an important factor. Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important and there is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way. Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is usually very little that can be done to create it. Another important consideration is how much each worker contributes to the product he is making. In most factories the worker sees only one small part of the product. Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than one large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line. It would seem that not only is degree of worker contribution an important factor, therefore, but it is also one we can do something about. To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this important. But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, they will neither want more money, nor will shorter working hours be so important to them. 6. Which of these possible factors leading to greater productivity is not true? 5 A) To make jobs more varied. B) To give the worker freedom to do his job in his own way. C) Degree of work contribution. D) Demands for longer working hours. 57. Why do workers want more money? A) Because their jobs are too boring. B) In order to enjoy more spare time. C) To make their jobs more interesting. D) To demand shorter working hours. 58. The last sentence in this passage means that if we succeed in making workers? jobs more interesting, ______ A) they will want more money B) they will demand shorter working hours C) more money and shorter working hours are important factors D) more money and shorter working hours will not be so important to them 59. In this passage, the author tells us_______. A) how to make the workers more productive B) possible factors leading to greater efficiency C) to what extent more money leads to greater productivity D) how to make workers? jobs more interesting 60. The author of this passage is probably a _______. A) teacher B) worker C) manager D) physicist - 24 - (4) Passage One Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage. Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for a woman. A man goes shopping because he needs something. His purpose is settled and decided in advance. He knows what he wants, and his objective is to find it and buy it; the price is a secondary consideration. All men simply walk into a shop and ask the assistant for what they want. If the shop has it in stock, the salesman promptly produces it, and the business of trying it on proceeds at once. All being well, the deal can be and often is completed in less than five minutes, with hardly any chat, and to everyone?s satisfaction. Slight problems may begin for a man when the shop does not have what he wants, or does not have exactly what he wants. In that case the salesman always tries to sell the customer something else — he offers the nearest he can to the article required. Now how does a woman go about buying clothes? In almost every respect she does so in the opposite way. Her shopping is not often based on need. She has never fully made up her mind what she wants, and she is only “having a look round”. She is always open to persuasion, indeed she sets great store by what the saleswoman tells her, even by what companions tell her. Uppermost in her mind is the thought of finding something that everyone thinks suits her. Contrary to a lot of jokes, most women have an excellent sense of value when they buy clothes. They are always on the lookout for the unexpected bargain. Faced with a roomful of dresses, a woman may easily spend an hour going from one rail to another, to and fro, often retracing her steps, before selecting the dresses she wants to try on. It is a laborious process, but apparently an enjoyable one. Most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting husbands. 41. When a man buys clothes, _______. A) he buys good quality things without a second consideration B) he buys right size things without trying them on C) he does not mind very much how much he has to pay for the right things D) he chooses things the salesman recommends 42. What do men care about the fit of new clothes? A) They like their clothes to be bigger than the average size. B) They often have no particular size in mind before going to the shop. C) They make sure what fits before going shopping. D) They do not worry whether a thing fits well or not. 43. What does the passage tell us about women shoppers for clothes? A) They welcome suggestions from anyone. B) They rarely consider buying cheap clothes. C) They often buy things without giving the proper thought. D) They listen to advice but never take it. 44. It is implied in the passage that women ________. A) think more of the price of clothes than of their colours and sizes B) tend to waste money on clothes which they don?t really want C) always buy good quality clothes regardless of the price D) like to buy cheap clothes 45. Which of the following indicates the difference between men and women shoppers? - 25 - A) Women buy what they need but men do not. B) Women walk in a shop but men sit down. C) Men do not try clothes on in a shop. D) Men do not spend as much time on buying clothes as women. Passage Two Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage. Reading is the key to school success and, like any skill, it takes practice. A child learns to walk by practicing until he no longer has to think about how to put one foot in front of the other. A great athlete practices until he can play quickly, accurately, without thinking. Tennis players call that “being in the zone.” Educators call it “automaticity.” A child learns to read by sounding out the letters and decoding the words. With practice, he stumbles less and less, reading by the phrase. With automaticity, he doesn?t have to think about decoding the words, so he can concentrate on the meaning of the text. It can begin as early as first grade. In a recent study of children in Illinois schools, Alan Rossman of Northwestern University found automatic readers in the first grade who were reading almost three times as fast as the other children and scoring twice as high on comprehension tests. At fifth grade, the automatic readers were reading twice as fast as the others, and still outscoring them on accuracy, comprehension and vocabulary. “It?s not I. Q., but the amount of time a child spends reading that is the key to automaticity,” according to Rossman. Any child who spends at least 3.5 to 4 hours a week reading books, magazines or newspapers will in all likelihood reach automaticity. At home, where the average child spends 25 hours a week watching television, it can happen by turning off the set just one night in favor of reading. something You can test your child by giving him a paragraph or two to read aloud— unfamiliar but appropriate to his age. If he reads aloud with expression, with a sense of the meaning of the sentences, he probably is an automatic reader. If he reads haltingly, one word at a time, without expression or meaning, he needs more practice. 46. The first paragraph tells us ________. A) what automaticity is B) how accuracy is acquired C) how a child learns to walk D) how an athlete is trained 47. An automatic reader ________. A) sounds out the letters B) concentrates on meaning C) has a high I.Q. D) pays much attention to the structures of sentences 48. The Illinois study shows that the automatic reader?s high speed ________. A) costs him a lot of work B) affects his comprehension C) leads to his future success D) doesn?t affect his comprehension 49. A bright child ________. A) also needs practice to be an automatic reader B) always achieves great success in comprehension tests C) becomes an automatic reader after learning how to read - 26 - D) is a born automatic reader 50. The main idea of the passage is _______. A) how to score high on comprehension tests B) reading is the key to school success C) how to test your child?s reading ability D) automaticity is important for efficient reading Passage Three Questions 51 to 56 are based on the following passage. By degrees they washed the whole boat, although it meant moving everything from place to place while they washed. It was a splendid day, and in that sunshine even a thick mat dried almost while you looked at it. Rose got herself clean, too, for the first time for a week, and felt once more the great pleasure of putting on a fresh clean frock on a fresh clean body. Such a peaceful day was the best sort of holiday that she could have had, and it was probably not simply luck that they both missed their usual attacks of sickness from malaria that morning. Perhaps it was a result of these civilized activities that during the night Rose thought of something which had slipped her memory completely from the moment that she and Allnut had buried her brother. She had not said her prayers since that time; She had not even thought of God. She lay there with wave after wave of guilt sweeping over her. She could not understand how it was that the God she worshipped had not destroyed her. She was deeply afraid that he might do so now. She got to her knees, bowed her head and prayed. waking in the night, saw her bowed figure in the starlight, and saw her lift her face to Allnut, Heaven with her cheeks wet with tears. He was extraordinarily moved at the sight. He did not pray himself, and never had done so. The fact that Rose was able to pray in tears showed him how much better she was than him. But he had long been aware of this. He was content to leave the request for heavenly advice to Rose, just as he left everything else to her. It took a very great deal to prevent Allnut sleeping. His eyes closed and he soon left Rose to bear her pain and guilt alone. 51. When the work was finished, why did Rose feel happy? A) The boat was clean. B) She was clean. C) The boat was dry. D) The job was well done. 52. It can be inferred that both Rose and Allnut were suffering from_____. A)a kind of disease that attacked them regularly B) a kind of disease that attacked them irregularly C) a kind of disease that attacked them when they felt unhappy D) a kind of disease that attacked them when the weather was not fine 53. That night Rose feared that God would_____. A) punish her for the death of her brother B) kill her before she prayed for forgiveness C) not forgive her D) not answer her prayers 54. What do we learn about Allnut?s relation with Rose? A) He was very sorry for her. B) He did not care about her. C) He was very much in love with her. D) He was very dependent on her. 55. When Allnut saw Rose praying, he _______. A) thought she looked extraordinary B) was very upset by her tears - 27 - C) felt like praying himself D) felt great emotion 56. What did Allnut finally do? A) He got out of the boat. B) He went back to sleep. C) He prayed with Rose. D) He walked away from Rose. Passage Four Questions 57 to 60 are based on the following passage. Leonardo da Vinci was the first man to suggest that growing trees add a new ring in their trunks each year. The variation in these rings relates to the physical conditions which the tree experiences. Thus, trees grown in a given area and time each develop a pattern or configuration of their rings. This concept was of little significance until Andrew E. Douglass began to study tree rings in Arizona in 1900. Using a technique called cross dating, he was able to employ tree rings to the study of archaeological sites and date the ruins with accuracy. Some were as old as 6700 B. C.! This study of tree rings is called dendrochronology. In time the cross dating was supplemented by a carbon 14 process. This approach measured the amount of carbon 14 radiating from a piece of wood and thus to determine the age of that wood. Further use of the carbon 14 technique has shown that the radiation process is more complex and less reliable than had been at first thought. The most exciting aspect of tree ring research is now called dendroclimatology. This consists of the reconstruction of climates and climatic cycles and events from the evidence found in the tree rings. From this it is hoped that a pattern of drought cycles can be determined in the American Southwest. Such information will be of great help in determining the life and ecology of that region of the United States. 57. Dendrochronology is best described as a science devoted to a______. A) long-range study of climate B) comparing tree rings as a method of dating objects C) study of the improvement of tree culture D) consideration of carbon 14 irradiation 58. The carbon 14 technique of determining age of an item _______. A) was first suggested by Leonardo da Vinci B) was developed by Andrew E. Douglass C) has encountered complexities not anticipated D) increased air knowledge of climatology 59. Cross dating as a technique is effective in some instances as far back as ______. A) 6700 B.C. B) 1900 A.D. C) 1200 A.D. D) 50 B.C. 60. One can assume that dendrochronology developed in the southwestern part of the United States because_____. A) this region has great variations in rainfall B) the accidental interest of a southwestern scientist C) the Indian ruins there are older D) tree rings are not found elsewhere - 28 - (5) Passage One Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage. In New York, there is now a school with no daily lessons, no class teachers, not even a school building! The “school” is a new project. It is called “City-as-School” and the name means just that: city itself is the place where 350 students, between the ages of 15 and 18, learn their lessons. Students choose areas of work which interest them and then they help to do that work. For instance, one girl spends her week in the offices of a Congress woman, helping the public with problems such as pensions, housing, etc. Then she goes to help in a theater for a day and she spends one day a week taking first-year courses at college. City-as-School is six years old. The education system in New York accepts it now, as an alternative to final years at school. But can it replace ordinary lessons? Students have to pass maths and science exams before they enter the “school”. These subjects are not easy to provide for in “City-as-School”. Teachers monitor the progress of the students. 80% to 85% of the students go to college after their time at “City-as-School”. The success rate is high. And the students are enthusiastic about their “school”. They like the responsibility of their work, and the sense of purpose it gives them. And they do know a lot about different kinds of work in the city! 41. What does the “school” teach students to do? A) It teaches students how to go to college. B) It teaches students to choose areas of work which interest them. C) It teaches students to know a lot about different kinds of work in the city D) It teaches students how to pass exams. 42. Why do students have to pass maths and science exams before they enter the school? A) They take first-year courses at college after entering the school. B) These subjects are not easy to provide for in the school. C) These subjects are difficult to learn. D) They are given lessons. 43. What feeling do the students have for the school? A) They are full of enthusiasm for it. B) They regard it as the best. C) They are interested in it. D) They dislike it. 44. How many students CAN?T go to college after their time at the school? A) 15% to 20% of the students. B) 80% to 85% of the students. C) Quite a few. D) Not mentioned. 45. Which of the following is true? - 29 - A) Students in “City-as-School” do not have any lessons. B) Students in “City-as-School” are university dropouts. C) “City-as-School” is a project which has proved successful in many cities. D) Students in “City-as-School” learn most from society. Passage Two Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage. Even though we have more choice of what to eat than forty years ago, the average diet of the average Briton is less healthy. In fact, according to recent research, British pets, eating specially prepared tinned food, have a healthier diet than most of their owners. Health ministers were alarmed at recent figures which show that Britain has the third worst record in Europe for heart disease. Cancer is also a growing cause of illness and death. This has led the government to try to launch a campaign to encourage healthier eating habits. Health ministers believe we should take a lesson from America, where death rates from heart disease have fallen. The American public is now much more aware of the link between diet and good health. The campaign will encourage the eating of less animal fat, salt and sugar than are consumed at present. It will show the advantages of eating more fresh fruit and vegetables. The Health Department is going to issue a booklet which will give guidance on what food to eat and what to avoid. Discussions are being held between the government and food manufacturers. Following these talks, food will be labeled so that consumers can dearly see how much fat, sugar and salt there is in the food products they buy. 46. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A) British people had less choice of food and an unhealthier diet 40 years ago. B) British people enjoy a better and healthier diet now than 40 years ago. C) British people have more choice of food but don?t eat as well as they did 40 years ago. D) Things hardly change as far as what the British people eat is concerned. 47. What made health ministers realize that they must encourage healthier diet? A) The great number of people suffering from heart disease and cancer. B) The discussions between the government and food manufacturers. C) The polluted environment. D) The public?s awareness of health problems. 48. What kind of food does NOT cause heart disease? A) Animal fat. B) Salt. C) Sugar. D) Vegetables. - 30 - 49. We can safely draw the following conclusions EXCEPT that _______. A) the specially prepared tinned food for pets is usually a healthier diet B) it will be easier for the British to know which foods are bad for their health in the future C) more Americans died of heart disease in the past than now D) unhealthy diet is responsible for all diseases 50. The word “consume” (Para. 2) can be best replaced by ________. A) contain B) eat C) exploit D) encourage Passage Three Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage. Americans usually consider themselves a friendly people. Their friendships, however, tend to be shorter and more casual than friendships among people from other cultures. It is not uncommon for Americans to have only one close friend during their lifetime, and consider other “friends” to be just social acquaintances. This attitude probably has something to do with American mobility and the fact that Americans do not like to be dependent on other people. They tend to “compartmentalize” (划分) friendships, having “friends at work”, “friends on the softball team”, “family friends”, etc. Because the United States is a highly active society, full of movement and change, people always seem to be on the go. In this highly charged atmosphere, Americans can sometimes seem brusque (无礼的) or impatient. They want to get to know you as quickly as possible and then move on to something else. Sometimes, early on, they will ask you questions that you may feel are very personal. No insult is intended; the questions usually grow out of their genuine interest or curiosity, and their impatience to get to the heart of the matter. And the same goes for you. If you do not understand certain American behavior or you want to know more about them, do not hesitate to ask them questions about themselves. Americans are usually eager to explain all about their country or anything “American” in which you may be interested. So much so in fact that you may become tired of listening. It doesn't matter, because Americans tend to be uncomfortable with silence during a conversation. They would rather talk about the weather or the latest sports scores, for example, than deal with silence. On the other hand, don?t expect Americans to be knowledgeable about international geography or world affairs, unless those subjects directly involve the Unite States. Because the United States is not surrounded by many other nations, some Americans tend to ignore the rest of the world. 51. The general topic of the passage is________. A) American society B) American culture - 31 - C) Americans? personality D) Americans? activities 52. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage? A) Friendships among Americans tend to be casual. B) Americans do not like to depend on other people. C) Americans always seem to be on the go. D) Americans know a lot about international affairs. 53. The phrase “highly charged” ( Paragraph 2) most probably means_______. A) highly responsible B) extremely free C) full of mobility and change D) very cheerful 54. It can be inferred from the passage that__________. A) Americans? character is affected by their social and geographical environment B) Americans want to participate in all kinds of activities C) curiosity is characteristic of Americans D) Americans do not know how to deal with silence 55. According to the passage, Americans tend to ignore the rest of the world because________. A) they are too proud of themselves B) they are not interested in other countries C) they are too busy to learn about other countries D) their country does not have many neighboring nations Passage Four Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage. Pictures in the British papers this week of Prince William, Prince Charles? 18-year-old son, cleaning toilets overseas, have led to a surge of altruism (利他主义) . Raleigh International, the charity that organized his trip, has seen inquiries about voluntary work abroad rise by 30%. But the image of idealistic youth that William presents no longer reflects the reality of the volunteer force. It?s getting older and older. Voluntary Service Overseas (VSO) has about 2,000 volunteers in the field around the world. After a dip in interest in the mid-1990s, applications to work abroad are at record levels. Last year 7,645 people submitted applications, and 920 successfully negotiated the VSO selection process and were sent abroad. When the organization was founded in 1959, the average volunteer was in his early 20s. Now, the average age is 35, and set to rise further. Partly, that is because there are more older people who want to do VSO. More people take early retirement; more, says the chief executive of VSO, “still feel that they have more to give and are in good health”. And the demands of the African and Asian countries where most of the - 32 - volunteers go are changing, too. Their educational standards have risen over the past couple of decades, so they want people with more qualifications, skills and experience. BESO (British Executive Service Overseas) recruits executives and businessmen with at least 15 years? experience for short-term contract work overseas. It organizes 500 placements(工作安 置) a year, and at the moment supply is surpassing demand. A BESO spokesman said that the organization is “limited by funding rather than a lack of volunteers.” Enthusiastic but unqualified students do not impress as much as they once did alongside accountants, managers and doctors. The typical volunteer, these days, has been in full-time employment for at least five years and is highly qualified. And the profession which provides the biggest portion of volunteers is education—headmasters and school inspectors as well as classroom teachers. 56. According to the passage, the volunteers____________. A) are becoming fewer B) are getting older and older C) are mostly students D) are inexperienced and unqualified 57. All the statements are true about Prince William EXCEPT that_________. A) his trip was organized by a government institution B) his trip has triggered a surge of altruism C) he is not a representative volunteer in age D) he presents the image of idealistic youth 58. From the second paragraph we can know that__________. A) the average volunteer is not much older now than forty years ago B) the number of applications to work abroad declined in the mid-1990s C) there were more applications to work abroad in the early 1990s than in the late 1990s D) of those who have submitted applications a majority have been chosen and sent abroad 59. There are more older people who want to do VSO because . I. more people take early retirement II. more older people feel they are in good health III. the foreign countries where the volunteers go want people with more qualifications, skills and experience A) I only B) II only C) I and II D) I, II and III 60. According to the last paragraph, the typical volunteer may be_________. A) a highly qualified headmaster or teacher B) an enthusiastic but unqualified young student C) a well-experienced accountant , manager, or doctor D) an executive or businessman with at least 15 years? experience - 33 - PART III. CLOZE (10 points, 0.5 point for each) Directions: There arc 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. (1) The traditional American Thanksgiving Day celebration goes back to 1621. In that year a(n) 61 feast was prepared in Plymouth, Massachusetts. The colonists 62 had settled there had left England 63 they felt denied of religious freedom. They came to the new land and faced difficulties 64 coming across the ocean. The 65 which carried them was called Mayflower. The North Atlantic was 66 to travel. There were bad storms. 67 were assisted in learning to live in the new land 68 the Indians who inhabited the region. The Puritans, 69 they were, had much to be thankful 70. Their religious practices were no 71 a source of criticism by the government. They 72 to adjust their farming habits 73 the climate and soil. 74 they selected the 4th Thursday of November for their Thanksgiving 75 , they invited their neighbors, the Indians, to 76 them in dinner and a prayer of gratitude for the new life. They recalled the group of 102 men, women and children who left 77 . And they remembered their 78 who did not live to see the 79 of Massachusetts. They reflected 80 the 65 days? journey which tested their strength. 61. A) ordinary B) special C) specially D) exceptional 62. A) whom B) which C) who D) whose 63. A) because B) but C) although D) so 4. A) at B) in C) on D) to 6 65. A) train B) bus C) ship D) car 66. A) enjoyable B) comfortable C) smooth D) difficult 67. A) There B) What C) They D) Those 68. A) with B) and C) in D) by 69. A) so B) as C) like D) for 70. A) for B) to C) on D) upon 71. A) sooner B) longer C) better D) other 72. A) studied B) learned C) failed D) decided 73. A) to B) in C) into D) with 74. A) Moreover B) Though C) Yet D) When 75. A) holiday B) meeting C) fair D) celebration 76. A) attend B) meet C) join D) visit 77. A) England B) America C) India D) Massachusetts 78. A) lifeless B) body C) dead D) ancestor 79. A) seaside B) edge C) shores D) bank 80. A) to B) on C) in D) for (2) In China it is relatively usual to ask people their age, but in the West this question is generally regarded as impolite. This is particularly true 61 women, and even more 62 if the inquirer is a man. However, it is very 63 to ask children their age, and some adults may not mind being 64 either. In fact, some elderly people are quite happy to 65 the age, especially if they feel they look young 66 their age. - 34 - Nevertheless, it is not very wise to ask a 67 question like “How old are you?”. If elderly people want to talk about their age, and perhaps receive a compliment (恭维话) on how young they look, they may easily bring 68 the topic themselves, and ask the other person to 69 how old they are. 70 such a situation, it is quite acceptable to discuss age 71 . They normally expect to be complimented on their youthfulness, rather than being 72 that they look very old! Even 73 westerners do not usually ask people directly how old they are, this does not 74 that they are not interested to know how old other people are. They may ask 75 else for the information, 76 else they may try to 77 the topic indirectly. Sometimes discussions about educational 78 and the number of years of working experience may provide some 79 , but this is not always the 80 . Of course, individuals also vary in what they are interested or willing to talk about. 61. A) with B) for C) of D) to 62. A) that B) such C) than D) so 63. A) normal B) average C) formal D) unusual 64. A) said B) asked C) informed D) talked 65. A) reveal B) reflect C) release D) react 66. A) to B) with C) for D) at 67. A) short B) strange C) funny D) direct 68. A) about B) up C) along D) to 69. A) guess B) know C) learn D) predict 70. A) For B) With C) On D) In 71. A) exactly B) leisurely C) freely D) approximately 72. A) told B) corrected C) warned D) reminded 73. A) when B) then C) if D) though 74. A) include B) intend C) mean D) determine 75. A) anyone B) someone C) one D) everyone 76. A) or B) rather C) so D) and 77. A) approach B) solve C) address D) explain 78. A) level B) background C) knowledge D) systems 79. A) topics B) clues C) evidence D) suggestions 80. A) case B) truth C) reality D) fact - 35 - (3) To others and themselves the British have a reputation for being conservative — not in the narrow political sense, but in the sense of adherence to accepted ideas and unwillingness to question them. The reputation comes partly from their 61 . For 900 62 they have suffered 63 invasion nor revolution (except in 1649 64 1688) nor disastrous defeat in 65 . Their monarchy (君 主政体) survives 66 serious question. Under its nominal 67 the political arrangements have been 68 stable that, except for the 69 interruptions in the seventeenth 70, they have been adapted throughout 71 centuries to meet changing needs without violent 72 . Britain, in 1978, was 73 in managing without 74 written constitution; some fragmentary definitions of 1688 still 75 . There had been 76 quarrels, social and economic as well 77 political, but the quarrels had been 78 , usually 79 compromise. The underlying 80 had not been broken. 61. A) language B) future C) history D) literature 62. A) centuries B) years C) minutes D) seconds 63. A) neither B) as C) or D) either 64. A) too B) but C) or D) and 65. A) home B) study C) peace D) war 66. A) and B) without C) with D) neither 67. A) name B) people C) leadership D) enemy 68. A) so B) very C) too D) such 69. A) two B) one C) no D) couple 70. A) month B) day C) year D) century 71. A) a B) any C) the D) few 72. A) changes B) change C) altered D) changed 73. A) common B) popular C) unique D) angry 74. A) two B) a C) some D) heir 75. A) survive B) surviving C) survives D) survived 76. A) bitter B) happy C) pleasant D) unhappily 77. A) for B) as C) to D) at 78. A) settling B) settles C) settle D) settled 79. A) for B) at C) to D) by 80. A) continue B) continuity C) continuous D) continued (4) One of the advantages of living in a democracy is that one is 61 to say what he thinks. Privately or 62 , one may criticize the President, the Government, or 63 . In some cities there are 64 special places where people come to listen to speeches 65 all kinds of questions. In London, England, people 66 Hyde park, where speakers 67 them on various topics. No one 68 to stop such speakers. We feel that 69 their ideas are good then they 70 . If the ideas are bad, no one will pay much attention to them 71. Not long ago one of these speakers was 72 an emotional speech in Hyde park. He was criticizing the members of the government 73. “They are responsible for all our troubles,” he said. “74 we should do is burn down the House of Commons and Buckingham Palace.” A large crowd of people had gathered and had begun to 75 traffic. At that moment a - 36 - policeman came 76 and said: “All right, gentlemen! Let?s 77 for the traffic. All those in favor of burning down the House of Commons, move to the right. All those in favor of burning down Buckingham Palace, move to the left. Now move aside, one way 78 .“ 79 the listeners walked away, and soon the speaker was 80. 61. A) accepted B) admitted C) granted D) permitted 62. A) in public place B) in public C) before people D) in the open 63. A) whatever B) everything C) anything else D) anything possible 64. A) no B) even C) few D) yet 65. A) on B) at C) for D) with 66. A) come around B) gather in C) meet at D) get together before 67. A) question B) address C) converse with D) consult 68. A) attempts B) „hopes C) thinks right D) considers 69. A) whether B) since C) when D) if 70. A) need to hear B) deserve to hear C) need to be heard D) deserve to be heard 71. A) somehow B) anyway C) after all D) at last 72. A) reading B) delivering C) drafting D) analyzing 73. A) in strong terms B) by strong words C) on harsh terms D) with harsh ideas 74. A) That B) Which C) Whatever D)What 75. A) encumber B) prevent C) block D) damage 76. A) on B) to C) close D) along 77. A) stop talking B) think hard C) open a path D) give way 78. A) or the other B) and the other C) or another D) and another 79. A) Little by little B) Finally C) Later D) One by one 80. A) made entirely B) left alone speechless C) discovered alone D) found at a loss (5) A normal English family, especially when it has just moved into a new district, wants to be friendly with those living in the same area; yet it often 61 because there is a fear that some neighbors might want to be 62 friendly and make a habit of calling, while the members of the family could not call their home their own. It is not surprising, 63 , that quite nice people wait for a proper 64 , paying no attention to the 65 invitation, “Come any time.” After 66 into a new district, a married couple will probably 67 a local organization, political party, parent-teacher association, musical, artistic, or 68 group, a hobby group, or an evening institute 69 learning subjects of interest to adults. 70 , natural contacts are made and people with some 71 in common get to know one another. Very often this leads back to the very street 72 the newcomers have their home. 73 are often a little suspicious about a new resident, 74 begins to talk about family or personal 75 after a brief acquaintance. The British feel that there should be a certain reserve (含蓄) about some things, and, in particular, about 76 other people with one?s own troubles. 77 is appreciated that everyone and every family have 78 - 37 - problems, and that usually these have to be 79 without the help or 80 of neighbors. 61. A) excites B) frightens C) advises D) hesitates 62. A) so B) too C) quite D) such 63. A) therefore B) so C) yet D) however 64. A) incident B) invitation C) movement D) suggestion 65. A) formal B) impolite C) casual D) natural 66. A) moving B) keeping C) crashing D) looking 67. A) take part in B) participate in C) join D) enter for 68. A) liberate B) liberal. C) literal D) literary 69. A) which B) to C) for D) on 70. A) After all B) Despite this C) Unexpectedly D) In this way 71. A) interest B) life C) word D) language 72. A) when B) where C) which D) that 73. A) Neighbors B) Friends C) Partners D) Arrivals 74. A) when B) who C) that D) what 75. A) knowledge B) relatives C) likeness D) troubles 76. A) comparing B) worrying C) meeting D) questioning 77. A) This B) That C) It D) There 78. A) general B) public C) private D) own 79. A) asked B) believed C) learned D) solved 80. A) advice B) admission C) admiration D) advance - 38 - PART IV. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (15 points, 2 points for each) Directions: In this part there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words). (1) The elephant is the largest animal to walk on Earth. Elephants can be trained to carry logs with their trunks, and have been used in the forestry industry in Asia for many years. Elephants also use their trunks for drinking water, bathing, eating and communicating. Elephants use their ears as a cooling system. Blood flows through veins in the ears and as the elephant flaps his ears, the blood cools and flows through his body to cool off other parts. Elephant feet are large and round. They distribute the large animal?s weight effectively. In the past, elephants were killed and their feet were made into umbrella stands and small tables for tourists. Unfortunately, there is a growing conflict between elephants and humans as more of the elephant?s habitat is developed. Elephants can destroy the crops of an entire village in a single night, and this also causes conflict. At the moment, there are about 600, 000 elephants remaining in Africa. The greatest threat to elephants is the ivory trade. Most commercial ivory comes from elephant?s tusks. From 1979 to 1989 was a bad time for African elephants. About 70,000 wild elephants were killed for ivory each year. In 1989 an international treaty limited the trade in ivory, decreasing the number of elephants killed, but elephants are still being killed for ivory. Please don?t ever buy anything made from ivory! Don?t even buy anything that looks like ivory! Questions: (注意:答题尽量简短，超过10个词要扣分。) 81. Elephants use their trunks for ________. 82. What are the matching parts of an elephant?s body that can be used as a cooling system? 83 Hunters made umbrella holders out of ________. 84. What living creatures are most dangerous to the elephant? 85. How can you help elephants? (2) Everybody wastes time. Instead of doing his homework, the schoolboy watches television. Instead of writing her essay, the student goes out with her friends. They all had good intentions, but they keep putting off the moment when they must start work. As a consequence, they begin to feel guilty, and then waste even more time wishing they had not allowed themselves to be distracted. When someone else is organizing our time for us, as for instance during lessons or working hours, we do not necessarily work more efficiently, but at least we are subject to the discipline of a routine. It is when we are responsible for organizing our own time that the need for self-discipline arises. I know two writers who seem to work in quite different ways. Bob is extremely methodical. He arrives at his office at 9 a.m. and is creative until 12:30. At 2 p.m. he returns to his desk and is creative until 5 p.m., when he goes home and switches off until the following morning. Alan, on the other hand, works in inspired bursts, often missing meals and sleep in order to get his ideas - 39 - down on paper. Such periods of intense activity are usually followed by days when he potters (闲 荡) around his flat, listening to Mozart and flicking through magazines. Their places of work reflect their styles. Bob?s books are neatly arranged on the shelves; he can always find the books he wants. Alan, on the other hand, has books and magazines all over the place. They are about every subject under the sun, mostly unconnected with his work. All the same he has a knack (本领) of making use of the unlikely information to illuminate his books. 86. People often waste their time by _____________. 87. Self-discipline is needed when one ____________. 88. Why does the author say Bob is extremely methodical? 89. Alan often goes without meals and sleep when _____________. 90. Alan reads a great variety of books and magazines, so that ______________. (3) During the nineteenth century, when little was known about environmentalism and conservation, it was common to hear people in Europe and America say that the resources of the sea were unlimited. They believed the world and nature would continuously reproduce all the resources they would need. For example, a noted biologist writing in the mid-nineteenth century commented that none of the resources of the sea are seriously endangered. Previously, environmentalists have focused their attention on the land and air. Recently, however, they are beginning to discover that the resources of the sea are in as much danger. The list of endangered species now includes herring (鲱鱼) and carp as well as the African elephant, Indian tiger, and the American eagle. Furthermore, the threats to fish are more alarming in some ways than the threats to animals and birds. This is because fish are a much more needed food source, and people throughout the world depend on fish as an important part of their diet. Hence a decline in the fish supply could have extensive effects on hunger and population. Fishermen in the North Atlantic alone annually harvest 20 billion pounds of fish to satisfy food demand, but the world needs to recognize that these practices cannot continue without depleting (消耗) fish reserves within the next few years. Rapidly declining sea resources in many parts of the world are problems that cannot be ignored any longer. Unlike the scholars in the nineteenth century, we now know that food supplies in the sea cannot last forever. 81. As to sea resources，most people in nineteenth century thought that ______. 82. What?s the main reason for maintaining sea resources? 83. Why are the species of African elephant, Indian tiger and American eagle mentioned together with “herring and carp”? 84. On the contrary to the scholars in the nineteenth century, we should realize that ______. 85. The main idea of the passage is that ________________. (4) - 40 - It was not yet eleven o?clock when a boat crossed the river with a single passenger who had obtained his transportation at that unusual hour by promising an extra fare. While the youth stood on the landing place searching in his pockets for money, the ferryman lifted a lantern, by the aid of which, together with the newly risen moon, he took a very accurate survey of the stranger?s figure. He was a young man of barely eighteen years, evidently country bred, and now, as it seemed, on his first visit to town. He was wearing a rough gray coat, which was in good shape, but which had seen many winters before this one. The garments under his coat were well constructed of leather, and fitted tightly to a pair of muscular legs; his stockings of blue yarn must have been the work of a mother or sister, and on his head was a three-cornered hat, which in its better days had perhaps sheltered the grayer head of the lad?s father. In his left hand was a walking stick, and his equipment was completed by a leather bag not so abundantly stocked as to inconvenience the strong shoulders on which it hung. Brown, curly hair, well-shaped features, bright, cheerful eyes were nature?s gifts, and worth all that art could have done for his adornment. The youth, whose name was Robin, paid the boatman, and then walked forward into the town with a light step, as if he had not already traveled more than thirty miles that day. As he walked, he surveyed his surroundings as eagerly as if he were entering London or Madrid, instead of the little metropolis of a New England colony. 81. Why was the ferryman willing to take Robin across the river? 82. By the aid of , the ferryman was able to see Robin clearly. . 83. The stocking that Robin wore were obviously 84. The hat on Robin?s head must have been . 85. How did Robin appear as he walked into town? (5) Today, many people are starving to death. There is a shortage of food and the available food is too expensive for hungry people to buy. Therefore, they go without food or each day has only one or two small meals lacking the necessary vitamins to maintain good health. Recently, a man who wanted to understand the conditions of such people conducted an experiment. He only ate one meal a day for a month but continued to work as he normally did. During the first five days he was hungry at his regular meal times, but after he had drunk a glass of water, his hunger went away. In the evening, when he ate his one meal, he ate quickly and consumed a large amount. During the next few days, although he was not hungry during the day, he quickly noticed every food stall, and the smell of food caught his attention. During the third and fourth weeks, he had hunger pains, and he knew that he would have hardly enough energy to work. This experience changed his attitude about some things. Having a cup of tea was not just a pastime, it also gave him strength. He more frequently noticed overweight people and people who threw away leftover food. He realized the importance of food for the very hungry person. He could no longer easily pass by a hungry beggar on the street. But most important, he could now sympathize in a small way with the starving people of the world. - 41 - Questions: (注意:答题尽量简短，超过10个词要扣分。) 81. Why did the man carry out such an experiment? 82. How did the man eat his only meal during the first five days? 83. When did the man find that he had hardly enough energy to go on working? 84. Why couldn?t he pass by hungry beggars easily any more? 85. The expression “in a small way” means ________. - 42 - (英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen 43 party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations 44 repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth 45 Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political 46 Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision 47 of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and 48 to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on 49 a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a 50 total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule > 51 real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years 52 implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, 53 exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should 54 be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective 55 convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts 56 of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application 57 of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation 58 made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give 59 expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer, conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4) about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as < Regulations > about engage in activities of feudal superstition obstruction of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work, social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental 60 organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for instructions to report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request, deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country (territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters, for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a correction within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post 61 processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original < Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in 62 the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified, leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like the organization and shall not bear the sorority Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid" behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association, comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a violation of the rules of Party discipline. The three problem about integrity violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content, most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1) the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in 63 the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to "clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some in violation of the provisions of the spirit of the eight central relevant persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to the < rule > severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article 97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17 spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management 64 of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in public funds to pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition. On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in addition to > < new regulations into "violation of honesty and self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original < Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives, 65 around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance, acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, the given Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses, children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in simple "one 66 size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts, gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting was significantly higher than normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts, shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do, also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is the root according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are 67 relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity, giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in punishment regulation of camp and activity in violation of the relevant provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance. The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77 provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article "violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to change the original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions < 68 new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the discipline of the masses of excellent traditional. < New Regulations > Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the masses of the disciplinary terms; increase the terms not in accordance with the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party organizations carry out strictly Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment" increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform 69 comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party or to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new shall report does not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit, work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of < rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not granted in accordance with the provisions of punishment, not according to the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation 70 of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation: members were sentenced punished, in accordance with the provisions give disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party, position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem, implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities. The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment", mainly to "four winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs disciplinary terms. Worth mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150 71 about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict. Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly political discipline and political rule moments in the first place. The third is to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously organize the study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily 72 blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up, Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager maintains discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand serious disciplinary violations at the same time, pay more attention to the general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish, change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres 73 should play an exemplary role. The rate of higher consciousness of the front of the Ordinance to lead practice self-discipline norms, leading to maintain discipline of seriousness and authority. One is the above rate, demonstration and guidance, take the lead in learning and mastering the < code > and < > the requirements and regulations, do the deep understanding, learning to use. The second is to play an exemplary role in abiding by discipline rate, take the lead in practicing self-discipline norms, firmly establish before the discipline are equal, the system has no privilege, discipline is no exception, and consciously do standards, require more strict measures more practical. Third is to consciously accept supervision, conscientiously participate in the democratic life and debriefing honesty responsibility, such as Real to the party organization to report personal matters, and to accept the supervision of the work and life of the normal, habits under the supervision of the exercise of power, to carry out the work. The fourth is to set an example for the strict enforcement of discipline. Leading cadres should take the lead in the maintenance of discipline of seriousness and authority, to dare to seriously, dare to struggle, dare to offend people, for misconduct not laissez faire, but do not indulge, not tolerate to ensure the party constitution of party compasses party put in place. (4) the majority of Party members and cadres to set high standards and hold the bottom line, consciously abide by the < code > and < rule >. One is to control the < standard > and < 25 cases >, tight Close connection 74 with their own thoughts, practical work and life, efforts to solve the problems, to enhance the study and implement of the effectiveness and pertinence. The second is to establish a high standard and hold the bottom line, consciously in the self-discipline pursuit of high standards, strictly in the party away from the red line discipline, discipline, about the rules and know fear, distrust, the formation of the honor system, comply with the system, safeguard system of good habits. Regulations and discipline regulations of < < New Revision of the Communist Party of China clean fingered self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations > is the Party Central Committee in the new situation to promote the comprehensive strictly root of the lift, the regulations of the party construction of keeping pace with the times. We should study and implement the Standards > and < > as the primary political task, adhere to the party constitution duties, adhere to the discipline of, Ji Yan in law, the full implementation of supervision and discipline accountability responsibilities for coordination and promotion "four overall" strategic layout in XX District vivid practice to provide a strong guarantee. - Si Jian Wu, and effectively enhance the implementation of the implementation of the < code > < > The consciousness of General Secretary Xi pointed out that the party is in charge of the party, to manage the party; strictly, it can cure good party. Criterion > and < rule > keep pace 75 with the times is our party to form a new potential strictly rules, to deepen understanding of the ruling law, is a comprehensive strictly, and strengthen the supervision within the party important grasper. Criterion > closely linked to the theme of self-discipline, self-discipline intensity-modulated, focusing on morality, for the majority of Party members and cadres set to see, feel the high standard, show the Communists noble moral sentiment; District Ordinance < < rule > the constitution of discipline integration into a political discipline, organization and discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline, discipline, emphasize discipline, focusing on established rules, to draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line. Party committees (party) to effectively strengthen the study and publicize the implementation of the < code > and < rule > the organization and leadership of criterion > and < > a full range, multi angle, deep publicity, the formation of study and publicize and implement the boom, in order to consolidate the development of good political environment to create a positive environment and atmosphere. The majority of Party members and cadres to strict requirements, the < rule > and < Ordinance cases > as a guide to action and behavior criterion, adhere to the moral standards and discipline of the bottom line, to maintain the discipline of worship and awe, learning, compliance, and maintain party discipline and rules of the model. The discipline inspection and supervision organs and cadres to the < code > and < > as the deepening of 76 the "three", and strengthen supervision and discipline of accountability is important to follow correctly grasp the use of supervision and discipline of "four types", promote the comprehensive strictly in new roots. Strict discipline, adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front of the enterprise in the implementation of expensive to implement to execute. The discipline inspection and supervision organs to implement the < code > and < Efforts to investigate cases > as an opportunity, adhere to the party should manage the party strictly, serious performance of their duties to promote two regulations implementation. Change discipline concept. From the simple "investigation of illegal" to a comprehensive "stare at violate discipline"; from the business case to prosecute the big cases and timely solve the signs of tilt to. From the orientation to the normal supervision; from the tube "minority" to resist the "most". Guide Party members and cadres to seriously implement the < code > and < rule >, consciously abide by the political, organizational, honest people, work, life six discipline. Urge the leadership cadres sent to play an exemplary role, take the lead in strictly enforced. Relaxation and rest Strong wind is Su Ji, closely linked to the "four winds" prone to multiple, the masses reflect the strong important nodes and, glued to the four winds "new form, new trends, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the central eight provisions of the spirit, to increase the bulletin exposure intensity, the formation of Chajiu" four winds "loudly, continue to release and discipline 77 must be strict signal. At the same time, extended supervision tentacles, through the development of the rural and fishery party conduct Lianzheng construction inspection, issued in a timely manner, Chajiu occurred in grassroots side of corruption and unhealthy, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. The creativity and discipline. Grasp and make good use of the supervision and discipline of" four types ", to ensure the Promoting clues to lots of discipline and the law of the vacuum tube, strict together. Not only to the "less" and "very few" thorough investigation severely punished, but also the "most" to maintain zero tolerance trend through layers of conductive pressure, let the discipline about the rules for each party members and cadres consciously follow. At present, it is necessary to implement the "list" management, strictly follow the clues to the disposal of five standards, make the classification of disposal, dynamic cleanup. Zadok Party committees at all levels to implement the main responsibility, comprehensive use of disciplinary action and tissue processing and other means to effectively curb the commonplace, used to see do not blame the "small problem", not because of "practice" and "exception". Prominent Discipline characteristics, the problems of violation of discipline and rules into the focus of supervision and discipline and disciplinary review. At the same time, increase case double check the intensity, the serious problems of discipline violations or "four winds" ban but not absolutely, not only to be 78 held directly responsible, but also held leadership responsibility; not only to pursue studies the main responsibility of the Party committee, and to pursue Commission for Discipline Inspection and supervision responsibilities and promote accountability to become the new norm. The implementation of supervisory responsibility. Maintain < code > and < rule > the seriousness and authority of the discipline and rules and truly become the party's ruler. Discipline as supervision within the party the specialized agency, we must strengthen the responsibility to act, adhere to the Impartial discipline accountability, earnestly will be strict discipline, discipline must be punished, and severely punish the acts in violation of rules and regulations. 79